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NEP 2380 - diet therapy > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

water-soluble vitamins

A

B, C

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2
Q

fat-soluble vitamins

A

A, D, E, K

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3
Q

provitamins

A

consumed and activated in the body

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4
Q

bioavailability

A

rate which nutrients are absorbed and used

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5
Q

B vitamins coenzyme

A

energy metabolism

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6
Q

B1 (thiamin)

- function

A

change CHO to energy

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7
Q

B1 deficiency

A
  • occurs in malnourished indi, and alcoholics

- BeriBeri disease

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8
Q

BeriBeri Dry vs Wet

A

dry- affects nrvs syst

wet - CV system, swelling

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9
Q

B1 destruction

A

prolonged cooking- breakdown CHO

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10
Q

B2 (riboflavin)

function

A

growth and RBC production

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11
Q

destruction of B2

A

UV light

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12
Q

B3 (Niacin) deficiency

A

pellagra

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13
Q

pellagra ( niacin b3 deficiency)

A

4ds- dementia, diarrhea, dermatitis, death

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14
Q

B5 Panthothenic

A

destroyed by freexing

found in chicken and beef

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15
Q

B6 pyridoxine

A

energy and protein metabolism

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16
Q

Folate B9 function

A

converts B12 to coenzyme form

synthesizes DNA and RBC

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17
Q

Folate recommendations

A

pregnant women reqiure 200ug/d more than adults 400ug/day

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18
Q

folate deficiency

A

macrocytic anemia

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19
Q

macrocytic anemia (folate)

A

megastastic anemia

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20
Q

folate toxicty

A

yes, leads to b12 deficency

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21
Q

folate destroyed by…

A

head and oxygen

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22
Q

B12 function

A

synthesiszes DNA for cell growth and nerve protection

- activates folate

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23
Q

B12 digestion/absotption

A

stomach- HCL and pepsin realised - intrinsic factor secreted,
small intestine- intrinsic factor binds with b12- illieum major b12 absorption site

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24
Q

Deficiency of B12

A

prenecious anemia- large RBC and neuro symptoms

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25
Q

H2O soluble Vitamins with deficiency

A

B1,B3,B6, folate, B12, vit C

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26
Q

Vitamin A function

A

vision, epithelial integrity, reproduction and growth, bone remodeling.

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27
Q

vitamin A deficiency

A

night blindness, keratinization

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28
Q

vitamin A toxicity

A

birth defcts, vison changes, osteoporois,

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29
Q

Beta- carotene

A

the precursor to vit A; antioxidant

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30
Q

vitamin D- function

A

-reg calcium levels

bone turnover and Ca absorption

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31
Q

activation of vitamin D

A

starts in the liver with hydroxyl group and another is added in the kidney

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32
Q

Vitamin D toxicity

A

yes- excessive Ca in blood

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33
Q

Vitamin E- alpha-tocopherol - function

A

antioxidant absorbs fat, decreases cardiovascular disease

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34
Q

Vitamin E deficiency

A

possible hemolytic anemia - unlikely

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35
Q

Vit E vulnerability

A

heat and oxygen

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36
Q

Vitamin K- function

A

coenzyme for blood clotting - bone turnover, and maintenance

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37
Q

vitamin k1/2

A

1) found in plants

2) synthesized in the gut ( small)

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38
Q

Vitamin K warning

A

in warfarin, users should watch K levels bec may counteract

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39
Q

Minerals

A

inorganic- provide no energy-

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40
Q

bioavailability

A

phytates- legumes, whole grains, seeds

Oxalates- rhubarb, spinach, chocolate, sweet potatoes.

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41
Q

phytates bind with…

A

ZINC, IRON, calcium, mang, copper.

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42
Q

oxalates bind with…

A

calcium

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43
Q

Major minerals

A

Sodium, chloride, Calcium, Potassium, phosphorus

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44
Q

Sodium Na+ function

A

fluis balance, nerve impulses, muscle contraction,

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45
Q

excessive Na+ leads to

A

edema, hypertension, strooke, chorinc heart failure, increse Ca+ loss.

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46
Q

Chloride Cl-

A

primary, extracellular amino. fluis balacne, stomach acid

47
Q

Potassium k+ fucntion

A

fluis balance, msucle contraction, nerve impulses.

48
Q

K+ ( less processed means …)

A

more k+ less Na+

49
Q

K+ ( more processed means..)

A

less k+ more Na+

50
Q

K+ deficency

A

hypertension, kidney stones, irregular heart beat, muscle weakness

51
Q

Calcium Ca+ function

A

calcium bank in bones, BP balance, , nerve impulse transmission

52
Q

Ca+ deficency

A

osteoporosis

53
Q

low blood calcium

A

vitamin D activated and intestinal absorption increases, Ca from bones released

54
Q

High Blood Calcium

A

calcitonin released from thyroid- decreased Ca absorption, as well as bone release

55
Q

IncreasesCa absoroption

A

caffine alchol

56
Q

Phosphurus

A

component in teeth, bones, DNA, RNA

57
Q

Trace Minerals

A

small amounts of minerals

58
Q

Iron Fe

A

largest deficiency
oxygen transportaion
AA and protein metabolisn

59
Q

absorption of Fe

A

depnds on need and store,

60
Q

Ferritin in Fe

A

captures Fe from foos and store sit in muscos cells until need

61
Q

Hepicidin in Fe

A

hormone that control realese of Fe into blood.

62
Q

Transferrin in Fe

A

iron transport, takes body ells where needed adn Fe storef bound to ferrin

63
Q

Heme

A

from animal protein - 40% absorption

64
Q

Fe toxicity

A

chronic - hemochromatosis, fe in liver, heart, and joints

acute- iron poisoning- kids

65
Q

1cc=

A

1ml

66
Q

1 fl oz=

A

30cc

67
Q

total fluid intak

A

1400-2800

68
Q

1ml/kcal/day

A

water intake

69
Q

purpose of supplements

A

intended to supplement diet.

70
Q

supplement labels can claim…

A

health claims and structure function clams

71
Q

metabolism of CHO

A

breakdown glycogen to glucose

72
Q

metabolism of Fat

A

triglyercides into glyercol and FA— energy

73
Q

metabolism of Proteins

A

protein to AA – energy

74
Q

Liver importance

A

storage of glycerol, prod of glucose, N removal from AA

75
Q

where do most anabolic reactions occur

A

liver

76
Q

final breakdown of glucose, FA, AA, glycerol

A

ATP

77
Q

energy is needed…

A

24/7

78
Q

waht happens to glucose 2 hrs after a meal

A

glucose declines, glycogen brk down begins

79
Q

use of CHO, Fat 2 hours after meal

A

CHO- breakdown to glucose fro brain and nervoud system, RBC

Fat- breakdown into FA, used for other cells

80
Q

Fasting

A

24+ hours without food and body begins to brk down msucle and lean tissue to atabolize protein fro glucose syntheses.

81
Q

what does the liver do in fasting

A

converts fat to ketones as energy souce for brian

82
Q

CHO in fasting

A

nothing nothing is left

83
Q

Fat in fasting

A

brkdoen or FA or ketones used 4 cells and energy

84
Q

PRotein in fasting

A

AA acids brk doen, used 4 brian nervs sys.

85
Q

definition of ketones

A

compound produced during the incomplete breakdown of fat when glucose isnt available

86
Q

use of ketones

A

energy source for nrvs sys and brain

87
Q

Glycogenesis

A

makes glucose from non-CHO source
- glycerol from TG
some AA
-NO GLUCOSE FROM FA

88
Q

Body weight

A

fat + lean tissue

89
Q

BMI

A

index of ones weight in relation to height

90
Q

BMI function

A

kg/m^2 (lbs.in^2)x703

91
Q

BMI underweight

A

<18.9

92
Q

BMI normal

A

18.5-24.9

93
Q

BMI overweight

A

25-29.9

94
Q

BMI obese

A

> 30

95
Q

apple shaped fat distribution

A

fat in abdomen- higher risk-of Cardiovascular disease

96
Q

Pear shaped fat distribution

A

fat in hips and thighs – lower risk of cardio disease

97
Q

men waist circumference

A

higher risk > 40 in

98
Q

women waist circumference

A

higher risk > 35 in

99
Q

affects food intake (3)

A

hunger. appetite, satity

100
Q

Enegry expenditure Basal Metabolism

A

50-65%

101
Q

expenditure phsycial activty

A

30-50%

102
Q

thermic effect expenditure

A

10%

103
Q

basal metabolism

A

Energy needed to amintain life when a body is at completle est

104
Q

basal metabolic rate

A

metabolsim under specid codition

105
Q

cals in 1 lbs

A

3500 kcal

106
Q

factors of a good wegiht loss plan

A

sustainable, not elimating food groups, excercise, nutrient dense food, accountability

107
Q

Keto Diet

A

carbs are to blame to blame fro weight gain in the insulin theory

108
Q

increase of carbs leads to increase of insulin then…

A

decrease in TG circulation and increased fat storage

109
Q

keto definetion

A

low carb 5%, 20% protein, 75% of calories from fat

110
Q

Not allowed in keto diet

A

added sugars, fruit, high CHO vegetables

111
Q

keto diet is not…

A

sustainable

112
Q

Positive of keto diet

A

seizure

reduction, does help lose weight, improved blood glucose control, improved cardiovascular risk

113
Q

Cons to keto dietq

A

not sustainable, nutritional deficiencies, constipation, bad breath, increase LDL cholesterol

NEP 2380 - diet therapy (3 decks)

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