Exam 2 Flashcards
Poor stance phase stability can influence _ and then _
step length and energy expenditure
Poor toe clearance in swing can influence _ and then _
poor pre-positioning and energy expenditure
Poor stance phase stability can influence _ and then _
time spent in stance and toe clearance
_ support with trimlines posterior and inferior to malleoli
less
_ support with trimlines anterior and superior to malleoli
more
What are the advantges of pre-fabricated orthotics?
less expensive
What are the disadvantages of pre-fabricated orthotics?
lack of intimate fit, little to no control of subtalar, midfoot and forefoot
What are the advantages of a custom orthotic?
correct or support subtalar and midfoot alignment
What does a custom orthotic provide that a pre-fabricated orthotic does not?
optimal control and an intimate fit
What are the disadvantages of a custom orthotic?
expensive
Which types of orthoses maximally control subtalar and midtarsal joints?
SMO, SAFO, Thermoplastic Jointed AFO with straight Tamraek joint
What does a posterior leaf orthotic primarily control and how does it do that?
Swing phase by allowing for PF at push off and tibial progression through stance
Which type of orthotic would address genu recurvatum the most?
SAFO
Which type of orthotic would address mild crouch gait?
SAFO
Which type of orthotic would address aggressive crouch gait?
GRFO Carbon Anterior Shell
What does a jointed AFO allow for?
ankle DF or PF within the orthotic
What does a free joint control?
allow for close to full movement in the sagittal plane while still providing frontal and transverse plane control with a longer lever arm
A dorsi-assist jointed AFO facilitates _ during _
DF during swing
Be cautious with _ and using a dorsi-assist jointed AFO
spasticity
The purpose of a PF stop jointed AFO
helps with toe clearance
The purpose of a DF stop jointed AFO is to
stop the tibia from moving forward
The double adjustable joint allows for
adjust DF or PF to degrees you want
A double adjustable joint is good to use with what type of patients
patients you expect to continuously change
A Gillette joint allows motion in the _ plane
sagittal
A Gillette or Tamrack joint stays in _ and can add _ or _
neutral, PF, DF
What are the two types of locking mechanisms for KAFO’s?
Bail locks and drop locks
What is the mechanism of a bail lock?
manually move into lock position when stand and sit
What is the mechanism of a drop lock?
drops and locks into place when the patient stands
A drop lock controls _ _
knee extension
Single-axis knee joint
simple hinge that allows full sagittal plane motion (flex/ext) positioned at axis of the joint
A single-axis knee joint protects and prevents ,,_
genu recurvatum, unstable knee and prevents excessive varus or valgus
A single-axis locking joint helps maintain _ _
knee extension
What type of patient issue would need a single-axis locking joint?
unable to control knee in stance - it will help prevent the knee from flexing when transferring
Offset or posterior offset joint is indicated for what type of patient issue
genu valgum or varum, genu recurvatum
Explain how the offset or posterior offset joint works
axis is aligned posterior to the anatomical axis which places the KAFO knee axis closer to the GRF during LR and early stance reducing the flexor moment at the knee
The offset or posterior offset joint improves which determinant
stance phase stability
The variable position locking joint allows the knee joint to
be locked in less than full extension
What type of patient issue would you use a variable position locking joint?
knee flexion contracture and poor stance phase stability
What is the greatest material for energy expenditure?
carbon composite
What is the purpose of a prophylactic KO
provide protection to the soft tissue restraints of the knee (ligaments)
What patient population is a prophylactic orthoses appropriate for?
athletes exposed to lateral impacts
What is the purpose of a rehabilitation KO
function to provide protection and progressive ROM
What patient issues is a rehabilitation orthosis appropriate for?
patellofemoral, OA and post op
A lateral padded knee orthoses unloads the _ side
medial
A medial padded knee orthoses unloads the _ side
lateral
An OA knee orthoses is named for
the side it unloads ?
A patellofemoral knee orthoses has a _ to keep the patella in alignment
buttress
What is the purpose of a functional knee orthosis?
provide mechanical stabilization that is usually provided by structures
What patient population would be appropriate for a functional knee orthosis?
athletes, active patients
A UCBL orthotic would address what problems
ankle instability or weakness, knee instability or weakness, genu valgus/varus
An SMO orthotic will or may address what problems (3)
ankle (will) and knee stability or weakness, genu valgus/varus
A UCBL would address what determinants of functional gait
stance phase stability
An SMO orthotic would address what determinants of gait (2)
stance phase stability and step length by improving push off
A carbon toe-off brace would address what problems (2)
ankle instability or weakness and genu recurvatum
A carbon toe-off brace would address what determinants of gait
stance phase instability, inadequate toe clearance, pre-positioning of the foot in swing > helps energy consumption and step length
A posterior leaf orthotic would address what problems (1)
ankle instability or weakness
A posterior leaf orthotic would address what determinants of gait (2)
inadequate toe clearance and pre-positioning of the foot in swing
A posterior leaf orthotic is primarily a _ _ orthotic
swing phase
A SAFO would address what problems (5)
knee or ankle instability or weakness, a crouched gait, genu recurvartum, genu valgus/varus
A SAFO would address what determinants of gait (3)
stance phase instability, inadequate toe clearance and pre-positioning of the foot in swing
A Thermoplastic jointed AFO with straight Tamarack joint with PF stop at neutral will/may address what problems (4)
ankle (will) or knee instability or weakness, genu recurvatum, genu valgus/varus
A Thermoplastic jointed AFO with straight Tamarack joint with PF stop at neutral would address what determinants of gait (3)
inadequate toe clearance in swing and pre-positioning of foot in swing, stance phase stability (may)
A GRFO Carbon Anterior shell will address what problems (4)
hip, ankle, and knee instability or weakness, crouched gait
A GRFO Carbon Anterior shell would address what determinants of gait (2)
inadequate toe clearance in swing and pre-positioning of foot in swing
