Exam 2

Question 1

Viruses enter cells and triggers PAMPs to release ________ which causes and increase in _________

Answer 1

INF, cytokines, chemokines

mucous production, inflammatory cells, and vascular permeability

Question 2

Rhinovirus is an _________ bug and causes and acute infection

Answer 2

RNA +

Question 3

Symptoms of Rhinovirus include _____________

Answer 3

cough, coryza but NO FEVER OR SYSTEMIC SYMPTOMS

Question 4

Strep pyogenes (GAS) is a _________ bug that causes _____________

Answer 4

gram positive, catalase negative

fever, pharyngeal pain, tonsillar exudates

Question 5

Key features of strep pyogenes include ___________ (3)

Answer 5

m-protein (anti-opsonin)
hylauronidase capsule (anti-phagocytic) 
streptolysin O (beta-hemolysis)

Question 6

Adenovirus is more common in children and has symptoms of ____________

Answer 6

cough, coryza, hoarsness, fever, conjunctivitis*

“pharyngoconjunctival fever”

Question 7

Parainfluenza causes _____________ and affects children aged ___________

Answer 7

laryngotracheitis (croup)

3 mos - 3 years

Question 8

Radiographic signs of croup are _________

Answer 8

subglottic stenosis, steeple sign

Question 9

The clinical course of croup starts as an ___________ and eventually develops _____________

Answer 9

URI

barking, brassy cough + low grade fever + inspiratory stridor

Question 10

Epiglottitis is caused by ________ and demonstrates ________ on x-ray

Answer 10

HiB

thumb sign

Question 11

The 4 D’s of epliglottitis are: ______________

Answer 11

dysphagia, dysphonia, drooling, distress

Question 12

Corynebacterium diptheriae is a ________ bug seen in unvaccinated patients

Answer 12

gram positive rod

Question 13

Clinical features of Corynebacterium diptheriae include: (4)

Answer 13

pseudomembrane*
regional LAD
pharyngeal pain
cough

Question 14

Bordetella pertussis is a ________ seen in unvaccinated patients

Answer 14

Gram negative

Question 15

Clinical course of whooping cough starts with __________ and progresses to __________

Answer 15

URI (2 weeks)
Paroxysmal cough —> inspiratory whoop
convalescence

Question 16

An increase in ________ is seen in pertussis when there is usually an increase in ________ in bacterial infections

Answer 16

lymphocytes

PMNs

Question 17

Pertussis produces a toxin with _________ and disables _________

Answer 17

increases cAMP

phagocytes

Question 18

RSV is the main cause of _________ in _________ (age group)

Answer 18

bronchiolitis

infants, young children

Question 19

Bronchiolitis is an (obstructive/restrictive) condition that results from __________ of small airways and airtrapping

Answer 19

obstructive
mucous plugs
this leads to lung hyperinflation and impeded gas exchange

Question 20

Symptoms of bronchiolitis/RSV include: (4)

Answer 20

URI, fever, cough, respiratory distress (increased RR) (often see retractions with breathing)

Question 21

Influenza is a ________ virus with an incubation of _____ days

Answer 21

ssRNA

1-4

Question 22

Symptoms of the flu include headache, pharyngitis, cough, rhinorrhea and (2)

Answer 22

fever, myalgias (unique to flu)

Question 23

Flu can damage _______ increase risk for secondary infections such as __________

Answer 23

cilia
staph aureus (lung abscess)

Question 24

What is the difference between hemagluttinin and neuroaminidase and which one is tamiflu directed at?

Answer 24

H- binds to sialic acid

N- cleaves sialic acid - tamiflu

Question 25

Typical community acquired pneumonia is caused by __________ which is a _________ bug

Answer 25

strep pneumo

gram positive, catalase negative

Question 26

Key virulence factors of strep pneumo include: (3)

Answer 26

capsule, IgA protease, pili

Question 27

Onset of typical pneumonia is ________ and has a (productive/nonproductive) cough with and high grade fever and decreased O2 sats and (purulent/mucoid) sputum.

Answer 27

rapid
productive
purulent