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health assessment > EXAM 2 > Flashcards

EXAM 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Where is trachea to the esophagus?

A

trachea lies anterior to the esophagus

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2
Q

How long is the trachea?

A

10 to 11 cm

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3
Q

Where does the trachea begin and end?

A

begins: level of cricoid cartilage in neck
ends: below sternal angle into right and left main bronchi

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4
Q

Where does the trachea split into bronchi

A

In the mediastinum, at the level of the fifth thoracic vertebra, the trachea divides into the right and left primary bronchi.

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5
Q

slow and regular (<12)

A

bradypnea

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6
Q

rate and depth irregular

A

hypoventiliation

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7
Q

rapid and shallow >20

A

tachypnea

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8
Q

speeding up and slowing down with periods of apnea

A

cheyne-strokes

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9
Q

irregular depth and rate with periods of apnea

A

biots

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10
Q

deep-low, normal, or fast

A

Kussmaul’s

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11
Q

what is resonance?

A

normal sounds percussed over air filled peripheral lung fields

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12
Q

fremitus

A

palpable vibration

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13
Q

serous

A

clear, amber, thin and watery

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14
Q

fibrinous

A

cloudy and thin, with strands of fibrin

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15
Q

serosanguineous

A

reddish, thin and watery

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16
Q

sanguineous

A

reddish, thin and watery

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17
Q

seropurulent

A

yellow or tan, cloudy and thick

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18
Q

purulent

A

opque, milky

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19
Q

hemopurulent

A

reddish, milky and viscous

20
Q

homorrhagic

A

red, thick

21
Q

confluent

A

joining or running together

22
Q

discrete

A

made up of separated parts or characterized by lesions

23
Q

zosteriform

A

resembling herpes zoster

24
Q

lichenification

A

thickening of epidermis

caused by chronic rubbing and scratching

25
Q

flexion

A

chin to chest - norm about 45

26
Q

extension

A

chin to ceiling 55

27
Q

rotation

A

chin to shoulder 70

28
Q

lateral

A

ear to shoulder 40

29
Q

purpuric lesions include:

A

petechiae and purpura

30
Q

petechiae

A

tiny hemorrhage from capillaries

31
Q

ecchymosis

A

bleeding into skin

32
Q

hematoma

A

bleeding into skin but raised

33
Q

purpura

A

tiny hemorrhages from capillaries and bleeding into skin

Petechiae and ecchymosis

34
Q

The aging adult

A
  • elasticity: loses elasticity: skin fold and sags
  • sweat and sebaceous glands: decrease in number and function, leaving skin dry
  • senile purpura - discoloration
  • skin breakdown
  • hair matrix: functioning melanocytes decrease leading to gray fine hair
35
Q

Paronychia

A

inflammation of skin around the nail

36
Q

What’s the hair like for graves disease?

A

fine, thin hair

37
Q

What’s the hair like for hypothyroidism?

A

coarse, dry, brittle hair

38
Q

Cachexia

A

wasting away

39
Q

abnormal systolic sounds:

A
  • ejection click: high pitched sounds
  • aortic prosthetic valve sounds
  • mid-systolic click
40
Q

abnormal diastolic sounds

A
  • Opening snap
  • mitral prosthetic valve sound
  • third heart sound
  • fourth heart sound
  • pericardiac friction rub
41
Q

what is the strongest risk factor associted with PAD?

A

smoking
- affects blacks
highest risk is non-hispanic blacks

42
Q

What age does AHA recommend for u to screen for PAD?

A

70

50-69 if u have history of smoking or diabetes

43
Q

what are lymph nodes?

A

small bean-shaped structure that is part of the body’s immune system. They filter substances that travel through the lymphatic fluid

44
Q

peripheral vascular disease has what symptoms?

A 
Arms:
- raynaud phenomenon
- lymphedema 
Legs: 
- arterial-ischemic ulcer
- venous ulcer
- superficial varicose veins 
- deep vein thrombophlebitis
  • aneurysms
  • occlusions
45
Q

ulcers due to inadequate blood flow:

A
  • arterial ischemic ulcer

- venous stasis ulcer

health assessment (4 decks)

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