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Anatomy - Ortho > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What nerve innervates the levator scapulae and the rhomboids?

A

dorsal scapular nerve

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2
Q

What muscles are housed in the DEEP POSTERIOR compartment of the LOWER LEG? (3)

A
  • flexor hallucis longus
  • flexor digitorum longus
  • tibialis posterior
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3
Q

Plantarflexion/Dorsiflexion involves motion of what joint?

A

tibiotalar motion

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4
Q

What are the 2 muscles that cause ankle eversion?

A
  • peroneus longus

- peroneus brevis

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5
Q

Sensation of what spinal nerve is approximately level with the pubic bone?

A

T12

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6
Q

What muscles are housed in the SUPERFICIAL POSTERIOR compartment of the LOWER LEG? (2)

A
  • soleus

- gastrocnemius

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7
Q

What nerve innervates the latissimus dorsi muscle?

A

thoracodorsal nerve (C6-C8)

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8
Q

All arterial blood must pass through this artery to traverse from the upper leg to the lower leg.

A

popliteal artery

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9
Q

The anterior tibial artery/vein and deep peroneal nerve is housed in what compartment of the lower leg?

A
  • anterior compartment
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10
Q

What nerve innervates the adductor muscles?

A

obturator nerve

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11
Q

What type of bone is the patellar?

A

sesamoid bone

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12
Q

The actions of the lumbricals involve _______ of the MTP joints and _______ of the ITP joints.

2-5 digits only

HE SAID THIS WON’T BE ON EXAM

A
  • FLEXION of MTP joints

- EXTENSION of ITP joints

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13
Q

What is the significance of the femoral ligament (aka round ligament of femur)?

A
  • connects the femoral head with the acetabulum

- contributes to the blood supply of the femoral head during childhood

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14
Q

What muscle originates on the head of the fibula?

A

peroneus longus

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15
Q

What are the 2 muscles that cause inversion of the ankle?

A
  • tibialis anterior

- tibialis posterior

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16
Q

Sensation of what spinal nerve is approximately level with the nipple line?

A

T4

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17
Q

What nerve innervates the quadriceps muscles?

A

femoral nerve

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18
Q

What are the 2 muscles that insert to the lesser trochanter of the femur?

A
  • Iliacus muscle
  • Psoas major

ILIOPSOAS

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19
Q

What are all the muscles that cross BOTH the hip and knee joint? (7 TOTAL)

A
  • Rectus femoris
  • Biceps femoris
  • Semimembranous
  • Semitendinosus
  • TFL
  • Gracillis
  • Sartorius
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20
Q

What muscle originates from the anterior INFERIOR iliac spine (AIIS)?

A

rectus femoris

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21
Q

A high ankle sprain involves a tear of what?

A

syndesmosis of inferior tibiofibular joint

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22
Q

Where does the conus medularis begin?

A

around L1/L2

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23
Q

What muscles are housed in the MEDIAL compartment of the thigh? (4 total)

A
  • adductor muscle group (3)

- gracilis

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24
Q

What nerve innervates the lateral muscles of the lower leg?

A
  • superficial fibular nerve
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25
Q

What artery travels through the suboccipital triangle?

A

vertebral artery

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26
Q

Severe lower back pain, saddle anesthesia and bowel/bladder incontinence should have you concerned for this diagnosis.

A

cauda equina syndrome

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27
Q

The deep back muscles are innervated by what nerves?

A

dorsal rami

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28
Q

The primary curvature (kyphosis) is retained in what part of the spine?

A

thoracic spine

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29
Q

A fracture to the proximal fibula will injure what nerve?

A

peroneal nerve

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30
Q

What nerve innervates the hamstring muscles?

A

sciatic nerve

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31
Q

What nerve innervates the trapezius muscle?

A

spinal accessory nerve

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32
Q

What muscle inserts into the proximal fifth metatarsal bone?

A

peroneus brevis

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33
Q

what nerve innervates the posterior lower leg muscles?

A

tibial nerve

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34
Q

Which of the following gluteal muscles is NOT innervated by the SUPERIOR gluteal nerve?

a. TFL
b. gluteus maximus
c. gluteus medius
d. gluteus minimus

A

b. gluteus maximus

* INNERVATED BY INFERIOR gluteal nerve*

35
Q

The superficial peroneal nerve is housed in what compartment of the lower leg?

A
  • lateral compartment
36
Q

What are the 4 ligaments of the ankle?

A
  • calcaneofibular ligament
  • posterior talofibular ligament
  • anterior talofibular ligament
  • deltoid ligament
37
Q

What are the 3 erector spinae muscles?

A
  • iliocostalis muscle
  • longissimus muscle
  • spinalis muscle
38
Q

What nerve innervates the anterior muscles of the lower leg?

A

deep peroneal nerve

39
Q

The femoral artery/vein and saphenous nerve are housed in what compartment of the thigh?

A

anterior compartment

40
Q

What structures run through the popliteal triangle? (7)

A
  • popliteal vein
  • popliteal artery
  • tibial nerve
  • common peroneal nerve
  • small saphenous vein
  • popliteal lymph nodes
  • popliteus muscle
41
Q

The sciatic nerve is housed in what compartment of the thigh?

A

posterior compartment

42
Q

What 2 muscles insert to the greater trochanter of the femur?

A

gluteus medius

gluteus minimus

43
Q

What are the 3 borders of the femoral triangle?

A
  • inguinal ligament
  • sartorius
  • adductor longus
44
Q

What are the 2 SUPERFICIAL veins of the lower leg?

A
  • Greater saphenous

- Lesser saphenous

45
Q

Sensation of what spinal nerve is approximately level with the abdomen?

A

T10

46
Q

What are the 3 actions of the erector spinae muscles?

A
  • posture
  • vertebral extension
  • lateral vertebral flexion
47
Q

What are the 3 structures that pass through the femoral triangle?

A
  • femoral nerve
  • femoral artery
  • femoral vein
48
Q

What are the 3 hip ligaments?

A
  • iliofemoral ligament
  • pubofemoral ligament
  • ischiofemoral ligament
49
Q

The talar tilt test assess the integrity of what 2 ligaments?

A

ATFL and CFL

50
Q

The anterior drawer test assess the integrity of what ligament?

A

ATFL

51
Q

What structures make up the extensor mechanism of the knee?

A
  • quadriceps muscle + tendon
  • patella
  • patella tendon (infra-patellar ligament)
52
Q

What are the 4 muscles that border the popliteal fossa?

A
  • semimembranosus
  • biceps femoris
  • gastrocnemius
  • plantaris
53
Q

What are all the vessels and nerves housed in the DEEP POSTERIOR compartment of the LOWER LEG? (5 total)

A
  • Peroneal artery/vein
  • Posterior tibial artery/vein
  • Tibial nerve
54
Q

What tendon runs UNDER the sustentaculum tali?

A
  • flexor hallucis longus
55
Q

What are the 3 muscles that insert into the pes anserinus?

A
  • sartorius
  • gracillis
  • semitendinosus
56
Q

What muscles are housed in the LATERAL compartment of the LOWER LEG? (2)

A
  • Peroneus longus

- Peroneus brevis

57
Q

What are the actions of the sartorius?

A

HIP flexion/ ABDduction/ External Rot

KNEE Flexion/ INternal rotation

58
Q

Inversion/Eversion involves motion of what joint?

A

subtalar motion

59
Q

What muscles are housed in the POSTERIOR compartment of the thigh? (3 total)

A
  • semimembranosus
  • semitendinosus
  • biceps femoris
60
Q

What muscles are housed in the ANTERIOR compartment of the LOWER LEG? (3)

A
  • tibialis anterior
  • extensor hallucis longus
  • extensor digitorum longus
61
Q

What muscle originates from the anterior SUPERIOR iliac spine (ASIS)?

A

sartorius

62
Q

What are the 3 transversospinalis muscles?

A
  • semispinalis muscle
  • rotatores muscle
  • multifidus muscle
63
Q

The secondary curvature (lordosis) is retained in what part of the spine?

A
  • C-spine

- L-spine

64
Q

A positive Tredelenburg sign usually indicates a weakness in what 2 hip muscles?

A
  • gluteus medius

- gluteus minimus

65
Q

What muscles are housed in the ANTERIOR compartment of the thigh? (5 total)

A
  • quadriceps group (4 muscles)

- sartorius

66
Q

What muscles group insert to the tibial tuberosity?

A

quadriceps group

67
Q

What muscle “unlocks” the knee?

A

Popliteus

68
Q

What muscle group originates from the ischial tuberosity?

A

hamstring muscles

69
Q

What ligament holds the fibula and tibia together?

A

interosseous ligament

70
Q

Where does the gluteus maximus insert?

A

gluteal tuberosity of femur

71
Q

A inversion ankle sprain involves what 2 ligaments?

A

ATFL and CFL

72
Q

What are the 3 ankle dorsiflexors?

A
  • Tibialis anterior
  • EHL
  • EDL
73
Q

What hip flexor is retroperitoneal?

A

Iliopsoas

74
Q

What are the 4 deltoid ligaments?

A
  • anterior tibiotalar
  • posterior tibiotalar
  • tibiocalcaneal
  • tibionavicular
75
Q

Which of the thigh adductor muscles also is a hip extender? (All other muscles are hip flexors)

a. pectineus
b. adductor brevis
c. adductor longus
d. adductor magnus
e. gracilis

A

d. adductor magnus

76
Q

Which muscle of the anterior leg is the primary big toe extender?

A

extensor hallucis longus (EHL)

77
Q

Which muscle of the anterior leg is the primary smaller toes extender?

A

extensor digitorum longus (EDL)

78
Q

Which of the posterior leg muscles is the primary big toe flexor?

A

flexor hallucis longus (FHL)

79
Q

Which of the posterior leg muscles is the primary smaller toes flexor?

A

flexor digitorum longus (FDL)

80
Q

The patella reflex tests what spinal level?

A

L4

81
Q

The achilles reflex tests what spinal level?

A

S1

82
Q

Great toe dorsiflexion tests what spinal level?

A

L5

83
Q

What nerve and vessels are contained in the adductor canal?

A
  • saphenous nerve

- femoral artery/vein

Anatomy - Ortho (1 decks)

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