Exam 2 Flashcards
Arrange the following four compounds in order of increasing boiling point:
Pentane, Butyl Methyl Ether, Butanol, Hexanol
Butance –> Butyl Methyl Ether, Butanol, Hexanol
Name the following ethers:
CH3CH2CH2OCH2CH3
Benzene ring-OCH3
Benzene ring-OCH2CH2CH2Ch3
CH3CHOCH2CH3
CH3- Butyl Methyl Ether
- Methyl Phenyl Ether
- Butyl Phenyl Ether
- Isopropyl Ethyl Ether
The oxidation of a primary alcohol depending on experimental conditions give off what type of product?
Aldehyde (two hydrogen lost) Carboxylic Acid (added oxygen)
What will be the resulting products of 1-Octanol with an oxidizing reagent?
Octanal
Octanoic Acid
How is it possible to stop oxidation at the aldehyde stage and how will this affect the product?
Distilling the mixture
The aldehyde will have lower boiling point than the primary alcohol and the carboxylic acid
What does the oxidation of a secondary alcohol give off?
Ketone
What does the oxidation to tertiary alcohols give off?
No oxidation
1-Methyl-cyclopentanol with an oxidizing reagent gives off
No oxidation
What is the common name for methanal?
Formaldehyde (formic acid)
What is the common name for ethanal?
Acetaldehyde (acetic acid)
What is the common name for propanal?
Propionaldehde (propionic acid)
What is the common name for butanal?
Butyraldehyde (butyric acid)
What is the simplest aromatic aldehyde?
Benzaldehyde (benzoic acid)
What is the IUPAC name for vanillin?
4-Hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde
What is the letters used in the common naming system of aldehydes?
Alpha (1), Beta (2), Gamma (3), Delta (4) …
What differentiates an aldehyde from a ketone?
Aldehyde- attached to one C,H
Ketone- attached to two Carbons
What are the physical properties of aldehydes and ketones?
Polar molecules- slightly below alcohols in boiling point
Weak intermolecular attractions
Become less soluble as the hydrocarbon portion increases in size, but less than five= soluble
What does tollen’s test do?
Distinguishes an aldehyde from a ketone by creating a silver mirrorlike finish
What is the benefit of reducing aldehydes and ketones with a hydrogen source?
It does not affect the carbon-carbon double bond nor the aromatic ring.
What do carboxyl acids contain?
Carbonyl Group
Three ways:
O
II
C-OH, COOH, CO2H
What is the ending of carboxyl acids?
-e to -oic acid
Is there a need for numbering carboxyl acid
No
Formic Acid
Methanoic acid
O II C H OH
Acetic Acid
Ethanoic acid
CH3COOH
O
II CH3- C- OH
