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Neurological Systems I > Exam 1_Final > Flashcards

Exam 1_Final Flashcards

1
Q

Effects of stroke on the cardiopulmonary system

A
  • Impaired hemodynamic response to exercise

- diminished oxygen saturation

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2
Q

Effects of stroke on cognition

A
  • may take longer to learn a task
  • memory (short and long term)
  • emotional ability
  • disorientation
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3
Q

Effects of stroke on the neuromuscular system

A
  • movement disorders
  • changes in reflexes
  • balance impairments
  • sensory impairments
  • impairments in reflexes
  • muscle tone changes
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4
Q

Effects of stroke on the musculoskeletal system

A
  • loss of AROM
  • muscle imbalance
  • biomechanical results of neurological impairments
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5
Q

What are the primary joints affected by a stroke?

A
  • wrist & hand
  • shoulder
  • ankle
  • spine
  • knee
  • elbow
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6
Q

What are the effects of stroke on walking?

A

patients who are able to return to walking short distances (70-80%) will do so at slower speeds and at a higher energy cost to them

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7
Q

Gait impairments influencing slow speeds

A
  • forward propulsion
  • swing initiation
  • power generation
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8
Q

Secondary impairments following stroke

A
  1. decreased ROM d/t contracture
  2. deep vein thrombosis d/t bed rest and pre-existing conditions
  3. shoulder subluxation/pain (possible CRPS)
  4. psychological (depression)
  5. cardiovascular and pulmonary deconditioning
  6. generalized pain
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9
Q

According to the article by Winstein, what are the three essential elements utilized in the ASAP?

A
  1. skill acquisition
  2. impairment mitigation
  3. motivational enhancements

be able to discuss Table 1 for the exam

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10
Q

What are the intervention for patients following ischemic stroke?

A

Immediately: injection of tissue plasminogen activation (tPA) within the initial 4-4.5 hrs.

Later: anticoagulants (Heparin, Coumadin, Plavix, Eloquis), reduction of cerebral edema (Aspirin), and/or surgery

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11
Q

What are the intervention for patients following hemorrhagic stroke?

A

surgery to alleviate intracranial bleeding and reduce compression of brain tissue

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12
Q

What are the two principles of neuroplasticity?

A
  1. use it or lose it

2. use it and improve it

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13
Q

What factors positively influence motor recovery and plasticity?

A
  • skilled training (task challenge)
  • specificity of task changes the brain
  • repetition
  • intensity
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14
Q

Aphasia

A

an acquired neurogenic language disorder that disrupts any or all language domains such as speaking, auditory comprehension, reading, and written expression; it is always both RECEPTIVE and EXPRESSIVE

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15
Q

Aphasia is usually caused by a ___ ______ in the ____ ________ __________

A

MCA stroke; left cerebral hemisphere

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16
Q

Non-fluent (Anterior) Aphasia

A

affecting Broca’s area; resulting in:

  • effortful, labored speech
  • reduced phrase length
  • physical problems are common
  • aphasia classifications: Broca’s, global, and transcortical
17
Q

Fluent (Posterior) Aphasia

A

affecting Wernicke’s area; resulting in:

  • fluent, effortless speech
  • normal rate of speech
  • semantic and phonologic errors are common
  • aphasia classifications: Wernicke’s, anomic, and conduction
18
Q

Motor Control Deficits

A
  • difficulty initiating and performing sequences of mvmt
  • slower mvmt overall
  • more positioning errors
  • inability to sustain a posture of mvmt
  • inability to fractionate mvmt
  • apraxia
  • ataxia
19
Q

Apraxia

A

inability to perform purposeful mvmt in absence of sensory or motor impairment

20
Q

Ataxia

A

inability to modulate trunk/limb mvmt for stability, speed, and accuracy

21
Q

Sensory Impairments

A
  • touch and localization
  • temperature
  • position/movement
  • vision
22
Q

Dysarthria

A

mechanics of speech

23
Q

Dysphagia

A

impairment in swallowing

24
Q

Potential reasons for abnormal biomechanics

A
  • loss of mm strength
  • abnormal motor coordination
  • balance, postural control deficits
  • engrained behavior (i.e. learned nonuse)
25
Q

Resource Allocation Models

A

the brain’s resources are finite, when task demands exceed resource capacities performance suffers

26
Q

What are the limitations of PT in the acute care setting?

A
  • time
  • pt. availability
  • lines and tubes
  • space
  • staffing

Neurological Systems I (3 decks)

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