Exam Flashcards
Cells require oxygen for which essential biological process
ATP production through cellular respiration
Difference between artery and vein
Arteries carry blood away from the heart. Veins carry blood to the heart
Main components of plasma
Water and solutes such as gases, nutrients, electrolytes, and hormones.
How many hemoglobin molecules are in each red blood cell
250million
Red blood cells have a lifespan of
120 days
Which type of leukocyte accounts for 50-70% of white blood cells and is the most numerous?
Neutrophils
Which type of leukocyte is characterized by a multi-lobed nucleus and uses phagocytosis to engulf bacteria?
Neutrophils
Which white blood cell type is the largest and has a kidney shaped nucleus
Monocytes
Which leukocyte includes both B and T cells?
Lymphocytes
Which type of leukocyte releases histamine and inflammatory chemicals to attract other white blood cells
Basophils
Which white blood cell is the rarest, accounting for less than 1% of white blood cells
Basophils
Monocytes transform into which specialized cells that engulf pathogens through phagocytosis
Macrophages
What percentage of white blood cells are lymphocytes, making them second most numerous
25%
Which leukocyte would most likely target a parasitic infection caused by tapeworms or flukes?
Eosinophils
Which protein is essential for coagulation to occur
Fibrin
Which type of blood cell determines your blood type
Erythrocytes
The pulmonary veins carry (blank) blood
Oxygen rich blood
The right side of the heart carried (blank) blood
Oxygen poor blood
Two types of leukocytes
Granular and agranular
Universal donors vs universal recipient
Universal donor- people with type O blood. Can give to anyone
Universal recipient- type AB+. Can get from anyone.
3 ways in which blood contributes to homeostasis
- Transports oxygen, carbon dioxide, food, waste, hormones
- Protection by blood clotting and defends against disease
- Regulation (hormones and heat distribution)
Why is blood classified as tissue
Blood consists of plasma and cellular components. Blood is considered a tissue because of the presence of these different cells.
Explain why blood in arteries is bright red and blood in veins is blue
Where oxygen concentration is relatively high, hemoglobin combines with oxygen forming oxyhemoglobin that makes a red colour.
Where oxygen concentration is low, oxygen separates from the hemoglobin forming deoxyhemoglobin that makes a blue colour.
What is anemia and its causes?
Anemia is a deficiency of hemoglobin in the blood that causes low energy levels. This can result from the production of too few red blood cells like excess loss of blood through physical injury or internal bleeding. Can also be caused by dietary deficiency if iron or genetic disorders like a sickle cell anemia.
