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Ancient Greek Studies > Exam > Flashcards

Exam Flashcards

1
Q

477

A

The Delian League was meant to unite the Greeks against Persia but became the Athenian empire.

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2
Q

464

A

The Helot rebellion occurred after an earthquake, illustrating the weakness of Spartiates against larger numbers of helots.

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3
Q

What was the significance of moving the treasury of the Delian League to Athens?

A

It solidified Athenian control over the alliance and allowed funds to rebuild the Acropolis.

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4
Q

What was constructed at Athens between 447-432?

A

The Parthenon was constructed, involving Phidias as sculptor and Ictinus and Callicrates as architects.

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5
Q

What was the outcome of the Peloponnesian War (431-404)?

A

The war resulted in the loss of the Athenian Empire and a temporary rebalancing of power among Greek poleis.

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6
Q

What impact did the epidemic in Athens (430) have?

A

The epidemic changed the balance of power in Greece, leading to the rise of more aggressive leaders like Cleon.

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7
Q

What was the oligarchic coup of the Four Hundred in Athens (411)?

A

It showed weaknesses in Athenian democracy under war stress, highlighting how citizens can turn on each other.

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8
Q

What was the significance of the battle of Aegospotami (405)?

A

The Athenian loss meant they could not regroup.

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9
Q

What occurred during the regime of the Thirty Tyrants in Athens (404-403)?

A

A brutal coup resulted in the deaths of about 5% of citizens, demonstrating the weakness of Athenian democracy.

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10
Q

What does the trial and death of Socrates (399) illustrate?

A

It shows tendencies for revenge and the influence of the crowd, raising concerns about the death penalty.

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11
Q

What was the outcome of the Corinthian War (395-387)?

A

It marked a resurgence of Athens and the strength of Thebes, leading to the demise of the Spartan system.

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12
Q

What are Plato’s notable achievements?

A

Plato is known for his theory of Forms and the refinement of elenchus.

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13
Q

What was the result of the battle of Chaeronea (338)?

A

It led to the loss of independence for most Greek poleis to the Macedonians under Philip II.

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14
Q

What was the significance of Alexander the Great’s death (323)?

A

His death marked the end of the Persian Empire and led to instability in conquered regions.

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15
Q

What does the death of Cleopatra VII (30) signify?

A

It marked the end of the Hellenistic period and the Roman annexation of the last major Hellenistic kingdom.

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16
Q

What were the major sources for early Greek philosophy?

A

The Egyptians and Babylonians.

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17
Q

What are the four elements according to Empedocles?

A

Earth, air, fire, and water are the basic building blocks of everything.

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18
Q

How did Xenophanes characterize the Olympian gods?

A

He criticized them as anthropomorphic and suggested a single, supreme god.

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19
Q

What were the views of Xenophanes, Protagoras, and Socrates on atheism and agnosticism?

A

Xenophanes believed in monotheism, Protagoras was agnostic, and Socrates questioned traditional beliefs but believed in a higher moral order.

20
Q

What did Thales believe was the origin of matter?

A

He believed water was the origin of matter as it transforms to every state.

21
Q

What principle did Anaximander propose?

A

He called the original principle ‘the infinite’ or ‘the boundless’ (to apeiron).

22
Q

What did Anaximenes believe was the first principle?

A

He believed in air as the first principle, which could change to wind, cloud, and fire.

23
Q

What is known about Pythagoras?

A

Little is known, but he believed numerical relations were the essence of all things and that Earth was round.

24
Q

What did Heraclitus see as the unity of all things?

A

He saw change as the unity of all things and proposed that Logos (Reason) governs the cosmos.

25
Q

What was Parmenides’ view on truth?

A

He believed only reason can lead to truth and that existence must be unchanging.

26
Q

What did Democritus propose about atoms?

A

He was an atomist who believed in a void containing an infinite number of indivisible units.

27
Q

What was Olynthus known for?

A

It was a planned affluent community destroyed by Philip II, showing urban planning and home design.

28
Q

What misconception exists about Greco-Roman sculptures?

A

The misconception is that they were originally white, influencing Western art since the Renaissance.

29
Q

What is a proxenos in ancient Greece?

A

A proxenos was a citizen of one polis acting as an official representative for another polis.

30
Q

What does koinē eirēnē mean?

A

It means ‘common peace,’ referring to peace treaties among city-states.

31
Q

Who were the perioikoi in Sparta?

A

They were free, non-citizen inhabitants who handled trade and farming but had no political rights.

32
Q

What were the ephors in ancient Sparta?

A

They were five powerful officials elected annually to oversee governance and check the kings’ power.

33
Q

What does Laconia refer to?

A

Laconia is the region in southern Greece, home to Sparta, known for its military-focused society.

34
Q

What does the term Laconian describe?

A

It describes things related to Laconia or Sparta, often referring to their simple, tough lifestyle.

35
Q

What are homoioi in Sparta?

A

Homoioi are the full citizens of Sparta.

36
Q

How often did the average Greek consume meat during the Peloponnesian War?

A

Every eight or nine days.

37
Q

What was the Laurion mine known for?

A

It employed 10,000 to 30,000 enslaved men under horrific conditions.

38
Q

What measure did Athenians use to reduce economic inequality?

A

State pay for public service helped poorer citizens participate in politics.

39
Q

Who controlled women in ancient Athens?

A

Women were under the control of male guardians (kyrios), their closest male relative.

40
Q

What were the two related stringed instruments in ancient Greece?

A

The lyre and the kithara.

41
Q

What is a deus ex machina?

A

A piece of stage equipment that resolves dramatic issues at the end of a Greek tragedy.

42
Q

What is the plot of Sophocles’ Oedipus the King?

A

Oedipus seeks to end a plague by finding King Laius’s murderer, discovering he killed his father and married his mother.

43
Q

What are the key themes in Oedipus the King?

A

Fate vs. Free Will, Blindness and Insight.

44
Q

How is Oedipus characterized?

A

He is proud, intelligent, but flawed by hubris.

45
Q

What is Jocasta’s role in Oedipus the King?

A

She attempts to prevent fate but ultimately becomes a victim.

46
Q

What does the play Oedipus the King highlight?

A

It highlights the inevitability of fate and the consequences of uncovering painful truths.

Ancient Greek Studies (2 decks)

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