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Pes Exam > Exam > Flashcards

Exam Flashcards

1
Q

CNS

A
  1. Sensory neurons send messages from sensory receptors to the brain
  2. The brain makes decisions and then sends an impulse down the spinal cord
  3. The spinal cord relays messages
  4. Motor neurons send messages to the muscles from the brain through the spinal cord
  5. The muscle fibre is supplied with nerves
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2
Q

Type 1 muscle fibre

A

colour, red
speed, slow
force, low
motor neuron, small
activity, endurance
fuel source, fats and O2

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3
Q

Type 2A muscle fibre

A

colour, pink
speed, fast
force, medium
motor neuron, medium-big
activity, middle distance
fuel source, lactic acid

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4
Q

Type 2B muscle fibre

A

colour, white
speed, very fast
force, high
motor neuron, big
activity, explosiveness
fuel source, creatine phosphate

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5
Q

protein supplementation advantages

A

increased muscle bulk
improved rate of muscle repair and growth

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6
Q

protein supplementation disadvantages

A

increased water retention
increased risk of colonic cancer

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7
Q

steroids advantages

A

increase in muscle mass
decreased muscle breakdown
improved rate of muscle growth and repair

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8
Q

steroids disadvantages

A

reduced sperm count
high blood pressure
acne

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9
Q

caffeine advantages

A

Increased CNS activity
improved reaction time

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10
Q

caffeine disadvantages

A

increased anxiety
high blood pressure
dehydration

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11
Q

creatine advantages

A

increased energy production
improved strength
improved recovery

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12
Q

creatine disadvantages

A

fluid retention
weight gain
fatigue

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13
Q

EPO and blood doping advantages

A

increased haemoglobin
increased VO2 max

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14
Q

EPO and blood doping disadvantages

A

blood clotting
heart attacks

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15
Q

Skeletal muscle

A

muscle belly
epimysium
perimysium
fascicle
endomysium
muscle fibre
myofibrils

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16
Q

Transfer of learning

A

The influence of past experiences on the learning/performance of new skills/experiences

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17
Q

skill to skill

A

occurs when the previous experience of a skill impacts the execution of the skill in a new context or the performance of another skill

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18
Q

theory to practice

A

Analysing team or opposition strengths and weaknesses, developing a game plan to succeed, describing specific strategies for game situations, showing movement on a whiteboard at training

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19
Q

Training to competition

A

should replicate the demands of the competition, should allow for the development of information processing and decision-making mechanisms

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20
Q

Static to dynamic

A

A drill that begins with a player being stationary to execute the skill, and gradually adds the movement, until it is at the intensity of competition

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21
Q

Shaping

A

When simplified or incomplete versions of a skill are practised, and as mastery takes place the missing components are added

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22
Q

Chaining

A

when a skill is broken down into separate components and practised individually, each component is joined together

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23
Q

Moment of Inertia

A

The distribution of an object’s mass about the point that is used to rotate

24
Q

Angular velocity

A

The rate of change of angular position of a rotating body

25
Q

Angular momentum

A

the product of the moment of inertia and angular velocity and remains constant through the jump

26
Q

Group cohesion

A

the extent to which members of a group exhibit a desire to achieve common goals and group identity

27
Q

task cohesion

A

Aspects relating to the team and the sport and the way the team works together to achieve common goals

28
Q

social cohesion

A

all of the relationships and social interactions of the team, how the teams work together and the bonds and relationships between members

29
Q

social loafing

A

when individuals reduce their effort when performing in a group and hide their lack of effort amongst the effort of others

30
Q

leadership

A

the style of leadership will affect how cohesive a group is

31
Q

team dynamics

A

how big a team is, player’s motivations, how long players have played together

32
Q

turbulent flow

A

fluid particles from adjacent layers become mixed

33
Q

laminar flow

A

fluid particles travel along smooth well-ordered, non-intersecting paths

34
Q

form drag

A

drag created by a pressure difference between the front and rear of an object moving through a fluid

35
Q

surface drag

A

resistance derived from friction between the object and the fluid it is moving through

36
Q

wave drag

A

the resistance generated by waves where two different fluids, such as air and water meet

37
Q

peaking

A

Achieving optimal performance at the appropriate time in the training plan

38
Q

tapering

A

the reduction of training volume in the days/weeks leading up to a competition to allow the body to recover physically and mentally

39
Q

Maintenance

A

when fitness levels are maintained but not developed or overloaded

40
Q

recovery

A

process of returning an athlete to a state of performance in which they are mentally and physically prepared for competition

41
Q

Psychological signs of overtraining

A

moodiness and easily irritated
increased anxiety and depression
altered sleeping patterns
loss of competitive drive

42
Q

physiological signs of overtraining

A

persistent soreness
body aches and nausea
increased incidents of injury
heaviness in muscles

43
Q

factors of overtraining

A

poorly designed training program
unreliable monitoring
stress
anxiety

44
Q

all or none law

A

If a single nerve is stimulated, it will either give a maximal response contracting all muscle fibres or no response at all, depending on the threshold of the stimulus sent by the CNS.

45
Q

Pre-competition nutrition

A

4-3hrs
* high in carbohydrates, low in protein and fats to not cause gastrointestinal upset
* low GI for sustained energy in race
60-30min
* low-medium GI to top up carbohydrate stores
* liquid snacks tolerated better
10min
* High GI snack for a quick burst of energy
Fluid intake
* adequate hydration before the race
* consume water to the point that urine is clear
* hyperhydrate

46
Q

During competition nutrition

A
  • The goal is to minimise the depletion of carbohydrate stores and replace fluids
  • consume moderate to high GI for rapid release of glucose into the bloodstream, easier digestion through gels
  • allows athletes to perform at a higher intensity for longer
    fluid intake
  • drink 800-400ml to decrease the risk of dehydration for long events but for short events 200-100ml per 15min
47
Q

Post-competition nutrition

A

It should mainly focus on replacing fuel stores and fluid loss. Consume high-GI foods immediately after the race to accelerate glycogen replenishment. Consume low-medium-GI meals, which may contain high protein, to increase glycogen stores. An athlete should consume 1.5x their net fluid loss during exercise

48
Q

periodisation

A

the process of breaking down the training program into manageable units, each with its own goals, allowing athletes to peak at appropriate times

49
Q

Micro-cycle

A

the shortest block of training, typically consisting of a single week. This may be broken down into training units all with specific aim

50
Q

Meso-cycle

A

Medium training block represents a specific training block within your season, eg strength building or endurance training. 8-4weeks

51
Q

Macro-cycle

A

A large block of training generally represents the three phases of the training season: pre-season, competition, and recovery.

52
Q

Pre-season

A
  • The objective is to provide a suitable fitness or skill base before the competition
  • generally involves building an aerobic base, improving strength and speed
53
Q

In-season

A

*maintaining fitness and skill level, developed during pre-season
* further developing and refining strategies, tactics and game planes
* recovery is important during this stage

54
Q

off-season

A

*provides athletes with both physiological and psychological rest
*Post-season rehabilitation and surgery
*development of a special fitness program for young players

55
Q

Balance

A

*The ability of something to maintain or hold its position
*Base of support
*Height of centre of gravity
*Line of gravity inside base of support
*mass

Pes Exam (1 decks)

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