Exam Flashcards
are programs that manage the resources of the computer system and simplify applications programming.
Systems software
The sequence of instructions developed by a software programmer is called a
computer program.
is the software that controls the computer hardware and acts as a bridge between applications and the hardware.
operating system (OS)
Computer programs that are written by a computer manufacturer, by a software manufacturer, or by the users themselves to guide the computer to perform a specific task are called
Application Program
●The number of pixels on a display
Resolution
●Grouping of one red dot, one green dot, and one blue dot.
Dot Triad
●Measurement of how close the dots are located to one another within a pixel
Dot Pitch
●Measure of how fast the monitor rewrites the screen or the number of times that the image is redrawn on the display each second.
Refresh Rate
●Ratio of the width of the monitor to the height of the monitor
Aspect Ratio
●Measured diagonally from one corner of the display to the opposite corner.
Viewable Area
is an electronic device that allows current flow in one direction only.
diode
●two or more objects sharing resources and information
computer network
is sometimes created so that larger networks can be segmented or broken up into smaller networks to reduce traffic within that network
network bridge
is the physical (geometric) layout of the connected devices on a network. There are four common topology configurations: bus, ring, star, and mesh
Topology
is the simplest device that can be used to connect several pieces of equipment together for network communication purposes.
Network hub
provides the interface between the computer and the network medium
Network Interface Card
●Uses glass threads to transmit data on the network.
●It consists of a fiber optic core that is surrounded by a plastic protective covering.
●This type of cable is much faster than its metal counterparts, but it is more expensive and much more fragile
●It is most often used in the infrastructure of the network, in network closets, and in large archive/computer rooms.
Fiber Optic Cable
●Similar to the wiring used for the cable television that is run into a house.
●Consists of a center conducting wire surrounded by insulation and then a grounded shield of braided wire
Coaxial cable
●Generally a high-end computer that does high-level processing for specific purposes.
Thick client
●A device that is found on a network that requests services and resources from a server.
Thin client
●A digital image is made up of a two-dimensional array of numbers, called a matrix.
●The matrix consists of columns (M) and rows (N) that define small square regions called picture elements or pixels
Matrix
●The amount of body part or patient included in the image.
●The larger the FOV, the more area is imaged
Field of View (FOV)
●Is the smallest element in a digital image.
Pixel, or picture element
●The size of the pixel is directly related to the amount of spatial resolution or detail in the image
Pixel Size
●The number of bits within a pixel
●Most digital imaging systems have bit depths of 10 to 16, resulting in more shades of gray
Pixel Bit Depth
●Refers to its appearance on the display monitor of the computer and is a function of the monitor’s ability to emit light through the surface of the display.
Brightness
●The ability of the digital system to display subtle changes in the shade of gray
Contrast Resolution
●The ability of the imaging system to demonstrate small details of an object
Spatial Resolution
●Ability to respond to varying levels of exposure, more tissue densities on the digital image are seen, giving the appearance of more detail.
Dynamic Range
●The range of exposure diagnostic image values the image detector is able to produce.
●Dependent on the image detector—the higher the dynamic range of the detector, the more values can be detected.
Exposure Latitude
VRT
Volume rendering technique
SSD
Shaded surface display /
MPR
Multiplanar Reconstruction
MIP
Maximum Intensity Projection
MinIP
Minimum Intensity Projection
ENIAC
(Electronic Numerical Integrator and Calculator)
(ASCC)
Automatic Sequence Controlled Calculator
is everything about the computer that is visible – the physical components of the system that include the various input and output devices.
hardware
HARDWARE EXAMPLE
•Input Processing
•memory
•storage
•output
•and communications
CPU
Central processing unit
is designed for large, high performance, multiuser or multitasking system.
Pentium processor
These two computers and all other components are connected by an electrical conductor called a.
bus
RAM
Random Access Memory
contains information supplied by the manufacturers, called firmware that cannot be written on or erased.
Read-only memory
-stores data and programs as tiny indentions or pits on a disc-shaped, flat piec of Mylar plastic.
CD/ COMPACT DISC
- operate in the same manner as CDs but offer higher capacity.
DVDs and Blu-ray DISC
-are thin, rigid glass or metal platters. Each side of the platter is coated with a recording material that can be magnitized. HDD are tightly sealed in a hard disc drive, and data can be recorded on both sides of the disc platters. It is typically located inside the computer but can also be attached externally.
HARD DISC DRIVES/HDDs
These drives are typically of a lower capacity that HDDs and more expensive. However, they store data based on solid state principles and therefore allow for much faster access to data and are more durable than traditional HDDs
Solid-state drive/ SSD
system consists of two or more-disc drives in a single cabinet that collectively act as a single storage system
redundant array of independent discs/RAID
consists of devices that translate computer information into a form that humans can understand.
Output hardware
Are another form of output device and are categorized by the manner in which the print mechanism physically contacts the paper to print an image
PRINTERS
-operates similarly to a photocopying machine. Images are created with dots on a drum, are treated with a magnetically charged ink like substance called toner., and then then are transferred from drum to paper.
Laser printers
Also form images with little dots. These printers electrically charge small drops of ink that are then quieter and less expensive and can also print in color.
Inkjet Printers
converts data into a form that the computer can use.
Input device
-includes standard typewriter keys that are used to enter words and numbers and function keys that enter specific command.
Keyboard
Translate images of text, drawings, or photographs into a digital format recognizable by the computer
Scanners
Translate analog sound into digital format. Similalrly, video images, such as those from a camcorder, are digitized by a special video that can be installed in a computer
Audio input device
-collects data directly from the environment and transmit them to a computer. Sensors are use to detect things such as wind speed or temperature.
Sensors
- detect specific movements and characteristics of the human body. Security systems that identify a person through a finger print or a retinal vascular pattern are example of these.
Human biology input devices
