EXAM Flashcards
is a complex whole
that encompasses beliefs, practices,
values, attitudes, norms, laws,
artifacts, symbols, and knowledge
that a person learns and shares as a
member of society
Culture
No formal punishment, but disapproval from others
Folkways
Examines the social structure, the social institutions, social organizations and social groups.
Macrosiology
Closed stratification systems where people can do little or nothing to change the social standing of their birth. The caste system determines all aspects of an individual’s life.
Caste
is considered one of the greatest inventions of man since it is an essential tool in teaching and transferring knowledge from one generation to the other.
Language
These are common in areas where crops cannot be supported and only have to move when the land in which the animals graze is no longer usable.
Pastoral Societies
They use advanced sources of energy to run large machinery which led to industrialization
Industrial Societies
Studies classical and modern politics.
political theory
Give a country that practices the caste system
India and South Africa
MORES- a Latin word that means?
custom
Give 3 examples of Mores
Rape (formal punishment)
Adultery (no formal punishment)
Marrying a close relative
Marrying more than one person at a time
incest
Give examples of Symbols
kissing the hands of the elderly (pagmamano) is a symbol of respect in most Asian countries, rings as a symbol of commitment, the white flag symbolizes surrendering, etc.
This time, towns form, and cities emerged, job specialization increases, and the economy becomes more complex.
Agricultural Societies
Rely on products obtained through the domestication and breeding of animals for transportation and food.
Pastoral Societies
Studies how laws are made and being applied on a certain nation or state.
Constitutional Law
• The scientific study of a society – its origin, development, networks, and functions.
• The study of relationships among people.
Sociology
Consists of intangible and abstract objects. In Includes customs, tradition, habits, manners, attitude, beliefs, language, literature, art, law, religion etc.
Non-material culture
marked such a great transformation in many of the world’s societies
Industrial Societies
Brought about technological advances that improved people’s health and expanded their life spans
industrialization
based on personal merit.
Meritocracy
Consists of concrete and tangible objects like tools, implements, furniture, automobiles, books, buildings, dams etc. These concrete and tangible objects are man-made,
Material culture
It also pertains to a group of individuals involved in social interaction or sharing the same geographical or social territory.
Society
Main Branches of Cultural anthropology
Archeology
Anthropological Linguistics
Ethnology
Represents the social structures and organizations of the people who share those beliefs and practices.
society
•plays a major role in our day-to-day living
•a strong part of people’s lives
Culture
However, mores are not _____. Like folkways, they are subject to change, though more slowly, through time
fixed
• The science of humanity.
• Is the study human beings, their origin, their societies, and their cultures.
• It roots its observations to the origin of humans to understand fully the societies and cultures of the human organisms through time.
Anthropology
2 Major Approaches to Examine Human History
Macrolevel Perspective
Microlevel Perspective
These are the customs or folkways a society needs to adhere to strictly. violation of mores usually has corresponding consequences
Mores
According to ___________, beliefs are the means by which people make sense of their experiences or ideas that they hold to be true, factual, and real.
Richley Crapo
the period from about 1750 to the late 1800
Industrial Revolution
Norms can be classified into three. What are these three?
- Folkways
- Mores
- Law
are illustrations used to represent a particular meaning of something. People attach a specific meaning to an object, gesture, sound, or image.
Symbols
warriors & rulers
Kshatriyas
Example of norms
pakisuyo in jeepneys
- it is defined as the custom beliefs, traits, and social forms that define a specific racial, religious, or social group.
Culture
Innovations in transportation led people to travel, work in factories and live in cities.
Industrial Societies
studies past cultures through tangible or material remains.
ARCHEOLOGY
The economy is dependent on tangible goods, people must pursue greater education and the new communications technology allows work to be performed from a variety of locations.
Post Industrial Societies
In Estate, What are the two that fall into the privilege category?
NOBILITY AND CLERGY
The system/body of persons by which a state or community is controlled so as to put order.
Government
It enables us to grasp the connection between history and biography within society.
Sociological imagination
Enumerate the Major Types of Social Stratification.
Caste
Class
Estate
Slavery
Studies bureaucracies on how it is functional and how to improve it by certain theories.
Public Administration
They are often forced to relocate when the resources of the land are depleted or when the water supplies decrease.
Horticultural Societies
Give a country that practices the class system
United States
A type of culture that is being learned or observed by humans (e.g., religions, folk behavior, gestures, and customs)
Non-material Culture
Studies politics among nations.
International relation
Farmers, traders & merchants
Vaishyas
relates to morals. Morally wrong is defined by society. SOMETIMES formal punishment
Mores
the anthropological study of human languages where experts explain the difference of languages by culture and how it is constructed
ANTHROPOLOGICAL LINGUISTICS
is a society’s standards and acceptable behavior.
norms
refers to “that complex whole which encompasses beliefs, practices, values, attitudes, laws, norms, artifacts, symbols, knowledge, and everything that a person learns and shares as a member of society.” (E.B. Tylor 1920 [1871]).
Culture
Give at least 3 examples of Folkways
Not wearing white/ivory as a bride
Picking nose in public
Talking to yourself (loudly) in public
Pagkakamay or eating with bare hands is a folkway in Filipino societies.
Productivity increases, and as long as there are plenty of food, people do not have to move.
Agricultural Societies
The members survive primarily by hunting, trapping, fishing, and gathering edible plants
Hunting and Gathering societies
describes a group of people who share a common territory and a culture.
society
A political approach wherein people of a particular race, nationality, religion, gender, sexual orientation, social background, social class, or other identifying factors develop political agendas that are based upon these identities.
POLITICAL IDENTITIES
formalized mores that are legislated, approved, and implemented in society. - This are deliberately crafted to produce a highly organized society and establish stability & order.
Laws
a type of culture created that is tangible or created by a person (e.g., food, clothing, technology)
Material Culture
The world is visibly divided into different countries. Each country has its own ____________ to run its government.
political system
Give 3 examples of Beliefs
usog, bati, kulam
are the means by which people make sense of their experiences or ideas that they hold to be true, factual, and real.
Beliefs
Places more emphasis on the role of the individuals in society.
Microsiology
the study of what makes us human. Anthropologists take a broad approach to understand the many different aspects of the human experience, which we call holism. They consider the past, through archeology, to see how human groups lived hundreds or thousands of years ago and what was important to them.
Anthropology
It is mainly concerned about how humans emerged and evolved through time
PHYSICAL (BIOLOGICAL) ANTHROPOLOGY
The earliest forms of society.
These are small and generally with less than 50 members and is nomadic.
Hunting and Gathering societies
People can distinguish good or bad through them, depending on the ____ of their society
norm
Give at least 3 examples of Laws
Running red lights, speeding, murder, rape, illegal drug use, minor in possession, DWI, DUI, theft, etc
- comes from the Greek word “politika” which means affairs of the cities.
- It also refers to achieving and exercising positions of governance over a human community.
Politics
These societies rely on the cultivation of fruits, vegetables and plants in order to survive. Horticultural societies, however, are characterized by cultivating vegetation with simple tools and without large, permanent farms.
Horticultural Societies
A system of symbols that individuals utilize to communicate, interact, and share their views, thus, creating an understanding among individuals.
Language
written language and numbers began to
be used
Agricultural Societies
the study of recent or present cultures
ethnology
Their economy is based on services and technology, not production.
Post Industrial Societies
It describes the relative social position of persons in a given social group, category, geographical region, or other social units.
SOCIAL STRATIFICATION
In Estate, What are the three that fall into the non privilege category?
BOURGEOISIE, PEASANTRY AND OUTCASTS
society is being shaped by the human mind, aided by computer technology
Postindustrial societies
According to ____________, symbols are illustrations used to represent a particular meaning of something. People attach a specific meaning to an object, gesture, sound, or image.
Elizabeth Lawley
THEY RELY ON THE USE OF TECHNOLOGY IN ORDER TO CULTIVATE CROPS IN LARGE AREAS, INCLUDING WHEAT, RICE, AND CORN.
Agricultural Societies
Priests & teachers
Brahmins
Gives emphasis to birth as well as wealth and possessions
Estate
2 Broad Fields of Anthropology
- Physical Anthropology (Biological Anthropology)
- Cultural Anthropology
a branch of social science concerned chiefly with the description and analysis of political and especially governmental institutions and processes
Political Science
Social stratification based on ascription or birth.
Birth alone determines one’s destiny.
There is little opportunity for social mobility.
A caste system
Studies politics within other nations.
Comparative politics
Formal punishment, written rules. SOMETIMES associated with mores.
Laws
Subfields of Political Science
Comparative Politics
International Relation
Political Theory
Public Administration
Constitutional Law
Public Policy
Represents the beliefs, practices, artifacts of a group
culture
Deals with systems of government and the analysis of political activity and political behavior.
Political Science
According to him culture is a complex whole that encompasses beliefs, practices, values, attitudes, norms, laws, artifacts, symbols, and knowledge that a person learns and shares as a member of society.
Sir Edward Burnett Tylor
Give examples of values
saying po and opo is a Filipino value that signifies respect but that means nothing to international societies
marked a watershed in the development of human society
Agricultural Societies
It is basically concerned with the differences of cultures from time to time.
CULTURAL
ANTHROPOLOGY
the study of social life, social change, and the social causes and consequences of human behavior
Sociology
sociologists refer to a definable region – as small as a neighborhood to as large as the global regional context.
territory
Economic basis wherein the master shows power over a slave
Slavery
Street sweepers, latrine cleaners
Dalits (outcastes)
Studies the interface of politics and economics.
PUBLIC POLICY
• A person’s position is based upon achievement
• A society is separated into parties whose members have different access to resources and power
Class
Social stratification based on both birth and individual achievement.
Even blood relatives may have different social standings.
A class system
The term transdisciplinary was used for
the first time by the French
psychologist and structuralist?
Jean
Piaget
are norms that members of society have come to accept as the proper way of dealing with their everyday living and social interactions.
FOLKWAYS
Help shape a society by suggesting what is good and bad, beautiful and ugly, sought or avoided.
Values
Labourers
Shudras
Types of Societies accd. to sociologists
HUNTING AND GATHERING SOCIETIES
PASTORAL SOCIETIES
HORTICULTURAL SOCIETIES
AGRICULTURAL SOCIETIES
INDUSTRIAL SOCIETIES
POST-INDUSTRIAL SOCIETIES
A set of _____ in a specific society may be different from the set of it in its neighboring societies.
values
