Exam Flashcards
1
Q
Agent
A
An agent is a person who act freely and knowingly, who chooses to do or not to do something; a person who is accountable for his or her actions or omissions
2
Q
Narcissism
A
A disorder marked by self absorption to the exclusion of others
3
Q
Ethics
A
the search of the highest good
4
Q
Morality
A
is our manners, customs, actions, and habits that help us achieve the highest good
5
Q
Character
A
the way your actions, over time, become a fixed part of you
6
Q
Vices
A
bad habits
7
Q
Virtues
A
good habits
8
Q
Guilt
A
What you have DONE is flawed
9
Q
Shame
A
YOU are flawed
10
Q
Parousia
A
the second coming of Christ
11
Q
Conscience
A
With (con) Knowledge (science). A judgement of reason whereby a person recognizes the moral quality of an action they are going to perform, are performing, or have preformed
11
Q
Freedom
A
The more one does what is good, the freer one becomes.
12
Q
Natural Law
A
God made us pre-loaded with all we need to do good
13
Q
Covenant
A
An agreement between God and humans
14
Q
Human Rights
A
We are created in the image of God. The government cannot take away our human rights
15
Q
Legal Rights
A
Rights granted by the government
16
Q
Privilege
A
Benefit or advantage enjoyed by a person, corporation or class beyond the common advantages of other citizens
17
Q
Superego
A
Someone else’s conscious gets put onto you and that becomes an internal censor. You change your rules out of fear of being shamed
18
Q
Providence
A
Is the belief that you are being led by God’s love. God is leading you to your best end.
19
Q
Vocation
A
A call from God
20
Q
Naturalism
A
The belief that the universe is a whole unified system. Everything is shaped by natural process
21
Q
Gospel
A
Good news
22
Q
Religious Determinism
A
Everything is predetermind by God, leaving humans with no free will
23
Q
Justice
A
To ensure the well being of others as well as ourselves
24
Poverty
Is the lack of enough income and resources to live adequately by community standards
25
Absolute Poverty
people's lives are threatened because they can not afford basic necessities
26
Relative Poverty
you have enough money for basic needs, but do not have the means to maintain an average standard of wealth in relation to others in the society in which you live in
27
Social Determinism
You aren't truly free because you are the product of what other have done to you
28
Sensible Goods
Are any and all goods that can be experiences through the 5 senses
29
Intelligible Goods
They can be perceived through one's intellect
30
Moral Relativism
Believes there are no absolute values, only those that are useful in the secular culture. Everything is dependant on one's own point-of-view
31
Sin
An immoral act
32
Happiness
Happiness is a long term feeling on contentment and joys
33
Pleasure
Pleasure is only temporary
34
Norms
the person we ought to be and the sorts of actions we ought to perform
35
Laws
a reasonable decision made by a responsible authority figure for the common good
36
Rules
A guide for conduct or action
37
Maxim
A general truth or rule of conduct
38
Ethical Maxim
principles that apply to everyone
39
Secularism
Living as if God/Gods don't exist
40
Atheism
do not believe in God/Gods
41
Individualism
the exaltation of the individual self over all other considerations
42
Consumerism
putting material goods and personal appearance as more important than inner development or true personal relationships
43
Deontological
"Deon" comes from the word duty and Kant believed that what is central is the will and some things in life can draw us away from our duty
44
Scream
A scream forces awareness in you and makes you feel responsible
45
Beggar
Face to face interactions reminds us of our responsibilities to others
46
Duty
Feeling obligated to obey
47
Intolerable
Feeling of outraged by something unjust happening to you or others
48
Aristotle
- Telos means the end
- reaching ultimate happiness by virtuous living, living in moderation, and living in the polis
- if you do not live in the polis you are a beast
49
Kant
- Theoretical reasoning: what we do
- Practical reasoning: what we ought to do
- Subjective: your own perception and understanding of reality
- Objective: relating to a sensible experience that is independent of one individual' thought and can be perceived by others
- duty
- Universal Law: treat others the way you want to be treated
- Means to an end: treat others as a mean and an end. Do not just use someone to achieve your end because they are a person too
50
Levinas
- traces of God in others faces
- Human face is the most naked part of a person
- thrill of astonishment: stranger becomes the "Other"
- the face is ethical and holds you accountable
51
Aquinas
- Natural Law
- In everyone's core is a desire for good. Believed people were made for happiness, but that happiness does not end with life on earth
52
4 Cardinal Virtues
- Prudence: how to reason well with moral decision making
- Temperance: remaining moderate in high emotion times
- Fortitude: being courageous in hard times
- Justice: how to act good towards others
53
3 theological virtues
- Charity: God's love for us
- Hope: believe in God and believe that the next day will be better
- Faith: first God self-revealing action become a virtue in us
54
CFA
- Agent
- Intention
- Action
- Circumstances: Mitging/Aggravating
- With/Against whom?
- Outcome
55
4 types of conscience
- Well-formed: Uses scripture, church, and community
- Wrongly-formed: on information that was mistaken
- Lax: Not being concerned whether or not an act is right or wrong
- Legalistic: Obeying rules perfectly; following letter of law rather than script
56
5 symptoms of a misinformed conscience
- Rationalization: Using logic to justify a bad act
- Trivialization: to make something less important
- Misinformation: when the information you get is flawed, but is presented as credible and believable
- The end justifies the immoral means: where the end is so good, that a bad act to achieve it can be justified
- Difficult to reason: when the decision is understandably clouded by emotion, and immoral act is acceptable due to the circumstances
57
Kinds of Guilt
- Warranted Guilt: when we know an act is wrong and we do it anyways then recognize and accept that what we did was in fact wrong
- Unwarranted Guilt: There is no real justifiable reason to feel guilty. This guilt occurs when we have a wrongly formed conscience
- Too Little Guilt: not caring for wrongdoing. This guilt occurs when we have a lax conscience
- Excessive Guilt: Guilt out of proportion to the severity of the wrongdoing. This guilt occurs when we have legalistic conscience
58
3 senses of conscience
- Capacity: to know the good, do good, and avoid evil
- Process: our conscience formed by many sources of moral wisdom and then engages in a process of reflection and analysis
- Judgement: judgement and decision of what I need to do
59
Justice
- striving to ensure the well being of others as well as ourselves
- the root of evil is in individual sin
60
Salt/Light
- Salt: you are salt and you should add more value by being in someones life
- Light: you should show off your talents
61
Anger
Anger impulses against others is just as bad as murder.
62
Adultery
Adultery is a sin and divorce leads to adultery
63
Oaths
never swear by God and do not disrespect him
64
Retaliation
Do not seek out revenge and payback evil with kindness
65
Love for enemies
love both our enemies and our neighbours
66
Almsgiving
Practice your religion to please God and yourself, not to seek approval from others
67
Prayer
Pray genuinely, not just because it is what you should do
68
Fasting
Do not change your appearance when you are fasting. God will see when you fast in private and will reward you accordingly
69
Treasure/Worry
- Worrying does not help you. Do not spend time worrying about earthly problems as God knows what you need
- Do not focus on materialism things as they always come and go
70
Judging Others
Do not point out someone's wrongdoings. Work on improving yourself then improving others
71
Ask, Search, Knock
Anyone who works towards an end goal will eventually get what they want. If you were to give something bad to someone searching for good, that person would be considered an "evildoer"
72
Narrow Gate
If it is easy, it is destruction. People in life will be out to get you, but come to you has a friend. For example, wolf disguised as a sheep
73
Hearers/Doers
Difficult days are guaranteed for everyone
74
Self-decepetion
If someone is on their deathbed asking God for forgiveness and pity, after living a life of sins, expecting to get into the kingdom of Heaven, the sinner won't get in.
