exam Flashcards
What organelle lets materials enter and exit?
Cell Membrane
What membrane holds cell DNA?
Nucleus
What’s the powerhouse of the cell?
Mitochondria
What organelle holds ribosomes?
ER (Endoplasmic Rectilum)
What cell structure packages and delivers protein?
Golgi Apparatus
What cell organelle collects and removes waste materials?
Lysosome
What cell organelle stores water and nutrients?
Vacuoles
What cell structure helps build protein, where protein synthesis takes place (small ridges in the ER)
Ribosomes
What cell structure helps transport & structure?
Cytoskeleton
What supports plant structures and are threads throughout the cell?
Cell Wall
Fluid within the cell that holds all Organelles?
Cytoplasm
What’s another word for ATP?
Energy
Which ER is involved in lipid synthesis?
Smooth ER
Which ER is involved in protein synthesis?
Rough ER
What are simple, unicellular organisms without a nucleus.
Prokaryotic
Complex cells with a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.
Eukaryotic
Ability of the cell membrane to allow some substances to pass while blocking others
Selective Permeability
When water passes through a cell membrane?
Osmosis
What cell structure conducts photosynthesis to convert light energy into chemical energy?
Chloroplasts
How do organelles work together to maintain cell function?
the Nucleus controls gene expression, the ER synthesizes proteins and lipids the golgi apparatus processes and ships them and the mitochondria provides energy.
Compare and contrast the structures and functions of mitochondria and chloroplasts?
Mitochondria: Double Membrane, produces ATP through cellular respiration, found in all eukaryotic cells
Chloroplasts: Double membrane, conducts photosynthesis to produce glucose, found only in plant cells.
Concept that all living organisms are composed of cells, and all cells arise from pre-existing cells?
Cell theory
another term for cell membrane?
plasma membrane
Movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration?
Diffusion
Movement of molecules across a membrane using energy?
Active transport
Movement of molecules across a membrane without the use of energy?
Passive transport.
Solution with equal concentration of solutes inside and outside
Isotonic
Process by which cells generate ATP by breaking down glucose and other molecules?
ATP
Sum of all chemical reactions in an organism?
Metabolism
Protein that catalyzes biochemical reactions?
Enzymes
Genetic material that carries the instructions for life??
Dna
Molecule involved in translating genetic information into proteins?
RNA
The process contributes to the nutrient cycle in the soil, facilitating the growth of plants which in turn support various ecosystems
Nutrient Flow
Why do plants appear green to us and how pigments absorb and reflect light??
Chlorophyll absorbs light most efficiently in the blue and red wavelengths but reflects green light, making plants appear green to our eyes.
Light dependent reactions step 1
Water enters the chloroplasts
Light Dependent Reactions step 2
Water is split by light energy, producing oxygen (02) and hydrogen ions (H+)
Light Dependent Reactions Step 3
The energy from this reaction produces ATP and NADPH
A membrane-bound compartment inside chloroplasts, the sit of light dependent reactions of photosynthesis?
Thylakoid
What are the products of photosynthesis
Glucose and oxygen
What are the reactants of photosynthesis?
Water and CO2
Is the independent variable what changes or stays the same?
Changes
Dependent Variable
What responds
