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Eng 011 > Exam > Flashcards

Exam Flashcards

1
Q

Directly stated

A

Explicit

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2
Q

Not directly stated

A

Implicit

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3
Q

The main argument of the author

A

Claim

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4
Q

What are the characteristics of a good claim

A

Debatable
Unique
Not neutral
Clear
Rational

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5
Q

What are the 3 types of claim

A

Fact, value, policy

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6
Q

Can be verified by true or false

A

C of fact

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7
Q

Statements that can be qualified

A

Claim of value

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8
Q

Asserts which conditions are better

A

Claim of value

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9
Q

Gives idea on what is good or bad

A

Claim of value

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10
Q

Based on philosophical, aesthetic beliefs and moral standpoints

A

Claim of value

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11
Q

Asserts implementation of a certain policy

A

Claim of policy

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12
Q

Errors in reasoning that invalidate an argument

A

Logical fallacies

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13
Q

What are the equivalent terms of the ff:
Reasoning
Evidence
Claim
Statement

A

Argument
Premises
Conclusion
Proposition

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14
Q

What are the 2 general types of reasoning

A

Deductive and inductive reasoning

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15
Q

Truth of conclusion is certain

A

Deductive reasoning

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16
Q

Truth of conclusion is probable

A

Inductive reasoning

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17
Q

Consists of statements beginning with premises and ends with conclusion.

A

Logical arguments

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18
Q

Give the 22 common logical fallacies

A

False dilemma/ dichotomy
Appeal to ignorance
Slippery slope
Complex question
Appeal to force
Appeal to pity
Appeal to consequences
Bandwagon
Appeal to the person
Appeal to authority
Anonymous authority
Hasty generalization
False/ weak analogy
Accident
Post hoc
Wrong direction
Complex cause
Irrelevant conclusion
Strawman
Affirming the consequent
Denying the antecedent
Inconsistency

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19
Q

Presents arguments as 1 of only 2 options

A

False dilemma

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20
Q

Just because something is not proven to be false, does not mean it is true

A

Appeal to ignorance

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21
Q

Superficial and unacceptable consequences are drawn

A

Slippery slope

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22
Q

Expected to accept or reject points; 2 or more points are rolled into 1

A

Complex question

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23
Q

Using threats

A

Appeal to force

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24
Q

Using pity

A

Appeal to pity

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25
Q

Denying the conclusion with fear of unpleasant consequences

A

Appeal to consequences

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26
Q

Validity is based on the majority

A

Bandwagon

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27
Q

Attacking the person instead of idea

A

Appeal to the person

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28
Q

Asserts own expertise

A

Appeal to authority

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29
Q

Author is not stated/ mentioned

A

Anonymous authority

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30
Q

Not significant enough to support a generalization about a population

A

Hasty generalization

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31
Q

Assuming 2 concepts are similar in some ways and in other ways

A

False/ weak analogy

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32
Q

Applying a rule where there should be an exception

A

Accident

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33
Q

Event A is the cause of B, because A happened before B

A

Post hoc

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34
Q

Reverse in the direction between cause and effect

A

Wrong direction

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35
Q

Explanation is reduced to one thing; there are other factors which contributed to the event.

A

Complex cause

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36
Q

Supposed to prove something, but concludes something else instead

A

Irrelevant conclusion

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37
Q

Position of the opposition is twisted so that it is easier to refute

A

Strawman

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38
Q

If Statement A is true then B is true

A

Affirming the consequent

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39
Q

If Statement A is not true then B is not true

A

Denying the antecedent

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40
Q

Arguments contradict one another

A

Inconsistency

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41
Q

Presents newspapers opinion on an issue

A

Editorial

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42
Q

Reflects the majority of the editorial board

A

Editorial

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43
Q

Tries to persuade readers to think the same

A

Editorial

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44
Q

Cause people to take action on an issue

A

Editorial

45
Q

Opinionated news story

A

Editorial

46
Q

Characteristics of an editorial

A

Introduction, body, and conclusion
Objective explanation of complex issue
Timely news angle
Includes opinions from opposing viewpoints
Delivered in a professional manner
Gives alternative solutions to the problem
Concise conclusion with a punch

47
Q

What are the 4 types of editorial

A

Interpret
Criticize
Persuade
Praise

48
Q

Explanation; covers a sensitive topic

A

Interpret

49
Q

Problem; gets readers to see the problem and not the solution

A

Criticize

50
Q

Solution; gets readers to see the solution and not the problem

A

Persuade

51
Q

Recognition; commend people or organizations for a job done well

A

Praise

52
Q

Ability to defend something by giving out reasons

A

Reasoning

53
Q

Giving statements for justification

A

Reasoning

54
Q

Needed to give evaluative statements

A

Reasoning

55
Q

Judgment based on criteria

A

Evaluative statements

56
Q

Explaining why a strength is a strength and why a weakness is a weakness

A

Evaluative statements

57
Q

What are the 2 steps in composing Evaluative statements

A

Assertion and counterclaim

58
Q

Declarative statements that gives ones beliefs about something and assess the overall quality

A

Assertion

59
Q

Made to rebut previous claim

A

Counterclaim

60
Q

Minimizes the negative impact of a criticism

A

Hedges

61
Q

Validates assertions and counterclaims

A

Textual evidences

62
Q

Situation in which people express dislike, disagreement or even rage

A

Controversy

63
Q

Claims become controversial when they:

A

Go against popular belief
Criticize others
Introduce something that is presently not accepted
Don’t include evidence for their claims

64
Q

What are the 4 types of textual evidence

A

Statistical
Testimonial
Anecdotal
Analogical

65
Q

Numbers and percentages

A

Statistical evidence

66
Q

Testimonies by witnesses

A

Testimonial evidence

67
Q

Observations, disproving generalizations

A

Anecdotal evidence

68
Q

Analogies; mainly used when dealing with a topic that is under-researched

A

Analogical evidence

69
Q

“On-the-job writing”

A

Technical writing

70
Q

Communicating through writing about job, business, profession, and organization

A

Technical writing

71
Q

What are the characteristics of technical writing by Barceros 2011

A

Accurate
Clear
Formal
Graphical
Objective
Practical
Procedural
Special
Diversionary
StraightForward
Authoritative
Presentable

72
Q

Facts that are completely true

A

Accurate

73
Q

Quick understanding of main point of whole composition in one reading

A

Clear

74
Q

The structure

A

Formal(?)

75
Q

Graphs, tables, charts

A

Graphical

76
Q

Avoids reading individuals thinking about a subject

A

Objective

77
Q

You can carry out in your daily living

A

Practical

78
Q

Technical writing

A

Procedural

79
Q

Leads you to various topics, languages, etc.

A

Diversionary

80
Q

Presents knowledge honestly and directly

A

Straightforward

81
Q

Clothed with full rights and power

A

Authoritative

82
Q

Physical appearance mirrors the person who produced it

A

Presentable

83
Q

Formal letter concerning business transactions

A

Business letter

84
Q

Contains information about writer

A

Letterhead

85
Q

Placed between letterhead and inside address

A

Date line

86
Q

Placed below the date

A

Inside address

87
Q

Wants to bring attention to a particular person

A

Attention line

88
Q

Writers greetings to the reader

A

Salutation

89
Q

Contains the message of letter

A

Body

90
Q

Expression used to end the letter

A

Complimentary close

91
Q

Signature and typed name of sender

A

Signature block

92
Q

Typists initials if sender is not the person eho typed the document

A

Identification initials

93
Q

Attachment to the letter

A

Enclosure notation

94
Q

Indicate name of secondary recipient

A

Copy notation- cc:

95
Q

3 formats of a business letter

A

Full block
Semi block
Modified block

96
Q

Cover letter
Composed persuasively
Usually accompanied by resume

A

Application letter

97
Q

One page document which contains credentials

A

Resume

98
Q

Personal references are included. All the written materials you took part in

A

Curriculum vitae

99
Q

Medium in sending messages

A

Email

100
Q

Proper use of social media platforms

A

Netiquette

101
Q

The parts of application letter

A

Introductory paragraph
Body
Concluding paragraph

102
Q

How you learned about job vacancy

A

Introductory paragraph

103
Q

Your goal for applying

A

Introductory paragraph

104
Q

Desire to be part of company

A

Introductory paragraph

105
Q

Educational qualifications

A

Body

106
Q

Work experiences and relevant skills

A

Body

107
Q

Positive side of personality

A

Body

108
Q

Reiterate desire to be part of company by requesting a personal interview

A

Concluding paragraph

109
Q

Caters a specific set of people

A

Special

Eng 011 (1 decks)

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