Exam Flashcards

1
Q

bandwagon

A

claiming something is true because everyone says it is

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2
Q

equivication

A

using a pun

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3
Q

red herring

A

trying to redirect a topic

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4
Q

composition

A

assuming that some parts of a whole will be the same as the whole

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5
Q

hasty generalization

A

claim based on no evidence

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6
Q

slippery slope

A

a small event that will lead to another one and spiral

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7
Q

what are the 4 basic steps of any pattern of scientific reasoning

A

identifying the problem
gathering data
formulating hypothesis
testing hypothesis

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8
Q

what are the different advertising ploys?

A

humour
slogans/jingles
anxiety ads
promise ads
urgency ads
puffery
sex appeal
celebrity ads
image ads
emotive language
fine print
feel good
identification ads
weasel words

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9
Q

what are 4 hallmarks out of 6 for pseudo-science?

A

claims that are not testable
inconsistent with findings
ignores false evidence
uses vague language
lacks progression
fails to undertake research

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10
Q

what are some premise indicators?

A

since
because
given that
inasmuchas
in view of the fact that

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11
Q

what are some conclusion indicators

A

therefore
so
it follows that
thus
for this reason
as a result

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12
Q

what are some deduction indicator words?

A

certainly
definitely
absolutely
it logically follows that

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13
Q

what are some induction indicator words?

A

probably
likely
plausible
chances are

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14
Q

for the strict necessity test: if the conclusion follows the premises then it is…

A

deductive

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15
Q

for the strict neccessity test: if the conclusion does not logically follow the premises then it is…

A

inductive

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16
Q

what type of argument is the common pattern test for?

16
Q

what are the defenses of advertisments?

A

freedom of expression
survival of media outlets
stimulates competition
fuels our mass media consumption

16
Q

if A then B.
A.
Therefore, B

A

common pattern test

16
Q

criticisms of advertising

A

invasive
annoying
interferes with daily lives
demeans culture
harmful stereotypes

16
Q

if a deductive argument is valid and all premises are true it is…

17
Q

if a deductive argument is valid and not everything is true it is…

18
Q

if an inductive argument is true and strong it is…

19
Q

if an inductive argument is weak it is…

20
Q

what are the 4 categorical logic forms

A

all s are p
no s are p
some s are p
some s are not p

21
propositional language: p q. P&Q
T. T T F. T F T. F F F. F F
22
what is a non-randomized prospective study?
people who have already been exposed to what you are testing
22
what is a non-randomized retrospective?
these people already exhibit certain effects of the study
23
what does scope means?
how much it explains
24
fruitfullness?
produces new research opportunities
25
fit?
how well it fits with other research
26
simplicity
research is not overly complicated
27
echo chamber
ideas or information that is never challenged or questioned (conspiracy theories)
28
confirmation bias
seek and trust any information that confirms one own bias
29
false alternatives
truth may fall in between a favoured side
30
inappropriate appeal to authority
some people are not qualified to give advice and information on certain topics
31
bandwagon
doing what is popular and what everyone else does