Exam Flashcards
bandwagon
claiming something is true because everyone says it is
equivication
using a pun
red herring
trying to redirect a topic
composition
assuming that some parts of a whole will be the same as the whole
hasty generalization
claim based on no evidence
slippery slope
a small event that will lead to another one and spiral
what are the 4 basic steps of any pattern of scientific reasoning
identifying the problem
gathering data
formulating hypothesis
testing hypothesis
what are the different advertising ploys?
humour
slogans/jingles
anxiety ads
promise ads
urgency ads
puffery
sex appeal
celebrity ads
image ads
emotive language
fine print
feel good
identification ads
weasel words
what are 4 hallmarks out of 6 for pseudo-science?
claims that are not testable
inconsistent with findings
ignores false evidence
uses vague language
lacks progression
fails to undertake research
what are some premise indicators?
since
because
given that
inasmuchas
in view of the fact that
what are some conclusion indicators
therefore
so
it follows that
thus
for this reason
as a result
what are some deduction indicator words?
certainly
definitely
absolutely
it logically follows that
what are some induction indicator words?
probably
likely
plausible
chances are
for the strict necessity test: if the conclusion follows the premises then it is…
deductive
for the strict neccessity test: if the conclusion does not logically follow the premises then it is…
inductive
what type of argument is the common pattern test for?
deductive
what are the defenses of advertisments?
freedom of expression
survival of media outlets
stimulates competition
fuels our mass media consumption
if A then B.
A.
Therefore, B
common pattern test
criticisms of advertising
invasive
annoying
interferes with daily lives
demeans culture
harmful stereotypes
if a deductive argument is valid and all premises are true it is…
sound
if a deductive argument is valid and not everything is true it is…
unsound
if an inductive argument is true and strong it is…
cogent
if an inductive argument is weak it is…
uncogent
what are the 4 categorical logic forms
all s are p
no s are p
some s are p
some s are not p
propositional language:
p q. P&Q
T. T T
F. T F
T. F F
F. F F
what is a non-randomized prospective study?
people who have already been exposed to what you are testing
what is a non-randomized retrospective?
these people already exhibit certain effects of the study
what does scope means?
how much it explains
fruitfullness?
produces new research opportunities
fit?
how well it fits with other research
simplicity
research is not overly complicated
echo chamber
ideas or information that is never challenged or questioned (conspiracy theories)
confirmation bias
seek and trust any information that confirms one own bias
false alternatives
truth may fall in between a favoured side
inappropriate appeal to authority
some people are not qualified to give advice and information on certain topics
bandwagon
doing what is popular and what everyone else does
