exam Flashcards
which of the following is not part of the skin?
epidermis
papillary layer
hypodermis
stratum basale
dermis
hypodermis
which of the following is not found in the epidermis ?
melanocytes
fibroblasts
stem cells
keratinocytes
tactile cells
fibroblasts
most of the skin _________ mm thick.
0.01 to 0.02
0.1 to 0.2
1 to 2
10 to 20
100 to 200
1 to 2
In which of the following regions would a subcutaneous injection be administered?
stratum basale
stratum spinosum
stratum corneum
dermis
hypodermis
dermis
Which of the following best describes the composition of the dermis?
Collagen and living keratinocytes
Collagen and dead keratinocytes
Collagen and fibroblasts
Elastic fibers and melanocytes
Elastic fibers and dendritic cells
collagen and fibroblasts
Which of the following cells is largely responsible for skin color?
Dendritic cell
Keratinocyte
Melanocyte
Tactile cell
Dead keratinocyte
melanocyte
Which layer of the epidermis consists of up to 30 layers of dead cells?
Stratum basale
Stratum spinosum
Stratum granulosum
Stratum lucidum
Stratum corneum
stratum corneum
Which of the following are associated with the sense of touch?
Fibroblasts
Melanocytes
Keratinocytes
Dendritic cells
Tactile cells
tactile cells
Which layer is seen only in thick skin?
Stratum basale
Stratum spinosum
Stratum granulosum
Stratum lucidum
Stratum corneum
stratum lucidum
The thickest and deepest layer of the dermis is the _______ layer.
areolar
keratin
reticular
collagen
papillary
reticular
The hypodermis is characterized by an abundance of which tissue?
Statified squamous epithelium
Smooth muscle
Nervous tissue
Adipose tissue
Dense irregular connective tissue
adipose tissue
The reddish color of the skin of the lips is primarily due to the presence of which pigment?
Hemoglobin
Myoglobin
Melanin
Carotene
Keratin
hemoglobin
increased bilirubin levels cause a skin discoloration called
erythema
jaundice
pallor
bronzing
cyanosis
jaundice
Excessive hairiness is called
Multiple Choice
telogenism
anagenism
catagenism
alopecia
hirsutism
hirsutism
Mammary glands are modified _________ glands that develop within the female breasts during pregnancy and lactation.
merocrine
apocrine
ceruminous
sebaceous
eccrine
apocrine
ABCDE RULE
Asymmetry, border irregularity, color, diameter, and evolution
Asymmetry, brightness, color, diameter, and elevation
Aspect, brightness, color, distance, and evolution
Aspect, border irregularity, color, distance, and elevation
Area, border irregularity, color, density, and elevation
Asymmetry, border irregularity, color, diameter, and evolution
Which of the following tissues is not found as part of a long bone?
Osseous tissue
Nervous tissue
Adipose tissue
Cartilage
Transitional epithelium
transitional epithelium
Which of the following is not a function of the skeleton?
Storage of calcium and phosphate ions
Storage of red blood cells
Providing support for most muscles
Protecting the brain
Protecting the spinal cord
storage of red blood cells
Osseous tissue is a(an) _____ tissue.
connective
epithelial
dense regular
dense irregular
reticular
connective
The center cavity of the diaphysis of a long bone is called the ______.
marrow cavity
central canal
nutrient foramen
canaliculus
epiphysis
marrow cavity
The expanded ends of a long bone are called the
epiphyses
diaphyses
articular cartilages
periosteums
endosteums
epiphyses
A long bone is covered externally with a sheath called the _______ , whereas the marrow cavity is lined with the ______.
epiphysis; diaphysis
diaphysis; epiphysis
compact bone; spongy bone
periosteum; endosteum
endosteum; periosteum
periosteum; endosteum
When ______ become enclosed in lacunae, they become cells called _____.
osteogenic cells; osteoblasts
osteoblasts; osteoclasts
osteoblasts; osteocytes
osteocytes; osteoclasts
osteocytes; osteoblasts
osteoblasts; osteocytes
Bone-forming cells are called
osteogenic (osteoprogenitor) cells
osteoblasts
osteoclasts
osteocytes
osteons
osteoblasts
Which of the following is an inorganic component of the bone matrix?
Proteoglycans
Glycoproteins
Collagen
Hydroxyapatite
Glycosaminoglycans
Hydroxyapatite
The hardness of bone comes from ______, whereas _______provide(s) some degree of flexibility.
hydroxyapatite and other minerals; proteins
collagen and elastic fibers; minerals
glycoproteins; proteoglycans
calcium carbonate; calcium phosphate
proteins; collagen
collagen and elastic fibers; minerals
Red bone marrow does not contain
myeloid tissue
yellow bone marrow
hematopoietic tissue
white blood cells
red blood cells
myeloid tissue
Mature bones are remodeled throughout life via a process known as
intramembranous ossification
endochondral ossification
interstitial growth
appositional growth
metaphysical growth
appositional growth
Chondrocytes multiply in the zone of
of the metaphysis.
reserve cartilage
cell proliferation
cell hypertrophy
calcification
bone deposition
cell proliferation
Bone elongation is a result of
cartilage growth
muscle growth
osseous tissue growth
fibrous membrane addition
dense irregular connective tissue addition
cartilage growth
Which of the following is the correct sequence of events in the healing of a bone fracture?
Bone remodeling → soft callus formation → hard callus formation → hematoma formation
Bone remodeling → hard callus formation → soft callus formation → hematoma formation
Hematoma formation → soft callus formation → hard callus formation → bone remodeling
Hematoma formation → hard callus formation → soft callus formation → bone remodeling
Soft callus formation → hard callus formation → hematoma formation → bone remodeling
Hematoma formation → soft callus formation → hard callus formation → bone remodeling
A soft callus forms during
endochondral ossification
intramembranous ossification
bone growth at the metaphysis
the remodeling of bone
the healing of a fracture
the healing of a fracture
