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Exam #2 Biomechanics > Exam > Flashcards

Exam Flashcards

1
Q

Hip Joint

A

A ball and socket joint, where the head of the femur articulates with the concave acetabulum

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2
Q

What is the difference between the hip and shoulder joint?

A

They are both a ball and socket joint. But the hip joint is more stable joint than the shoulder because of the bone structure and the number and strength of the muscles and ligaments crossing the joint.

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3
Q

Pelvic Girdle

A

Two ilia and the sacrum, it can be rotated forward, backward, and laterally to optimize positioning of the hip

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4
Q

Pelvic Tilt

A

Top of the pelvic bone (illum)

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5
Q

Flexors Hip

A

Iliacus and psoas major

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6
Q

Hip Extensors

A

Gluteus Maximus and the hamstrings: biceps Deloris, semimembranosus, and semitendinosus

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7
Q

Abductor Hip

A

Gluteus medius and gluteus minimus

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8
Q

Adductor Hip

A

Adductor magnus, adductor longus, adductor brevis (gracilis)

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9
Q

Sternoclavicular joint

A

Modified ball and socket joint between the proximal clavicle and the manubrium and sternum

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10
Q

Acromioclavicular joint

A

Irregular joint between the acromion processs of the scapula and the distal clavicle

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11
Q

Coraclavicular joint

A

Syndesmosis with the coracoid process of the scapula bound to the inferior clavicle by the coracoclavicular ligament

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12
Q

Glenohumeral joint

A

Ball and socket joint in which the head of the humerus articulates with the glenoid fossa of the scapula

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13
Q

Scapulothoracic joint

A

Articulation between the anterior scapula and the thoracic wall

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14
Q

Scapulohumeral rhythm

A

A regular pattern of scapular rotation that accompanies and facilitates numeral abduction

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15
Q

Flexor muscles of shoulder

A

Clavicular pectoralis major, anterior deltoid

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16
Q

Extensors of the shoulder

A

Sternal pectoralis major, latissimus dorsi, teres major

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17
Q

Abductor of the Shoulder

A

Middle deltoid and supraspinatus

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18
Q

Adductor muscles of the shoulder

A

Latissimus dorsi, teres major, sternocostal pectoralis

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19
Q

Rotator cuff muscles

A

Subcutaneous

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20
Q

Elevation of Shoulder Girdle

A

Rhomboids, Trapezius, Levator Scapulae

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21
Q

Depression of the Shoulder Girdle

A

Trapezius, pectoralis minor

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22
Q

Adduction of the shoulder girdle

A

Rhomboids, Trapezius, Levator Scapulae

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23
Q

Abduction of the shoulder girdle

A

Serratus anterior, pectoralis minor

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24
Q

Upward Rotation of the shoulder girdle

A

Trapezius, serratus anterior

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25
Q

Downward Rotation of the shoulder girdle

A

Rhomboids, pectoralis minor, Levator scapulae

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26
Q

Horizontal adduction of the shoulder

A

Pectoralis major, deltoid, and coracibrachialis

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27
Q

Horizontal abductor of the shoulder

A

Infraspinatus, teres minor, middle and posterior deltoid

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28
Q

Humeroulnar joint

A

Hinge joint (elbow joint)

29
Q

Humeroradial joint

A

Gliding joint in which the capitellum of the humerus articulates with the proximal end of the radius

30
Q

Radioulnar joint

A

Proximal and distal radioulnar joints are pivot joints the middle radioulnar joint is a syndesmosis

31
Q

Flexors of the elbow

A

Brachialis, bíceps Brachii, and brachioradialis

32
Q

Extensors of the elbow

A

Triceps brachii

33
Q

Pronator quadritis

A

Palm up

34
Q

Radiocarpal joints

A

Condyloid articulation between the radius and the three carpal bones

35
Q

Wrist flexors

A

Flexor carpi radialis, flexor carpi ulnaris, palmaris longus

36
Q

Wrist Extensors

A

Extensor carpi radialis longus, extensor carpi radialis brevis, and extensor carpi ulnaris

37
Q

Carpometacarpal joint

A

Of the thumb is a saddle joint . Other carpometacarpal joints are gliding joint

38
Q

Intermetacarpal joints

A

Irregular joints between the metacarpals that share joint capsules

39
Q

Labrum

A

Connective tissue

40
Q

Tibiofemoral joint

A

Dual condyloid articulations between the medial and lateral condyles of the tibia and the genus; composing the main hinge joint of the knee

41
Q

Patellofemoral joint

A

Articulation between the patella and the femur (patella improves the mechanical advantage of the knee extensors by as much as 50%

42
Q

Menisci

A

Cartilaginous discs located between the tibial and femoral condyles

43
Q

Collateral ligaments

A

Cross the medial and lateral aspects of the knee

44
Q

Cruciate ligaments

A

Cross each other in connecting the anterior and posterior aspects of the knee

45
Q

Popliteus

A

“Unlocks” the fully extended knee by laterally rotating the femur with respect to the tibia to allow flexion

46
Q

knee flexión

A

Hamstrings: biceps femoris, semimembranosus, semitendosus

47
Q

Knee extension

A

Quadriceps: rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus intermedius, vastus medialis

48
Q

Tibiotalar joint

A

Hinge joint where the convex surface of the superior talus articulates with the concave surface of the distal tibia

49
Q

Joints of the foot

A

Tibiotalar
Talocrurual
Subtalar
Talonavicular
Calcaneicuboid
Metarsocunieform

50
Q

Dorsiflexors ankle

A

Tibialis anterior, extensor digitorum longus, and peroneus tertius

51
Q

Plantar flexors at the ankle

A

Gastrocnemius and soleus

52
Q

Subtalar joint

A

The anterior and posterior facets of the talus articulate with the sustencalculum tali on the the superior calcaneus

53
Q

Structure of spine

A

33 vertebrae structurally
Cervical region - 7
Thoracic region- 12
Lumbar region- 5
Sacrum -5 fused
Coccyx- 5 fused

54
Q

Motion segment

A

Consisting of two adjacent vertebrae and the associated tissues is considered to be the functional unit of the spine

55
Q

What types of joints connect adjacent vertebrae

A

Intervertebral symphysis joints on the anterior side
Two gliding diarthrodial facet joints on the posterior side

56
Q

Facet joints

A

When we hyperextend (2)

57
Q

Intervertebral discs

A

Fibrocartilaginosus structures that cushion the anterior spinal symphysis joints

58
Q

Primary spinal curves

A

The thoracic and sacral curves concave anteriorly are present at birth

59
Q

Secondary spinal curves

A

The lumbar and cervical curves
Develop from supporting the body in an upright position after young children begin to sit and stand

60
Q

Lordosis

A

Exaggerated lumbar curve

61
Q

Kyphosis

A

Exaggerated thoracic curve

62
Q

Scoliosis

A

Lateral spinal curvature

63
Q

What movements of the spine are allowed?

A

The movement capabilities of the spine are those of a ball in soccer joint including movement in all three planes and circumduction

64
Q

Cervical spinal flexor muscles

A

Rectus capitus anterior, rectus capitis anterior, rectus capitis lateralis

65
Q

Abdominal spinal flexor muscles

A

Rectus abdominis , internal and external oblique

66
Q

Cervical spinal extensor muscles

A

Splenius capitis and splenius cervicis

67
Q

Thoracic and lumbar spinal extensors

A

Erector spinae and semisoinalis

68
Q

Cervical lateral flexor muscles

A

Sternocleidomastoid and Levator scapulae

69
Q

Loads on the spine

A

Body weight, tension in the spinal ligaments and tension in the spinal muscles and any external loads carried in the hands

Exam #2 Biomechanics (1 decks)

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