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Exam #2 Biomechanics > Exam > Flashcards

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1
Q

Hip Joint

A

A ball and socket joint, where the head of the femur articulates with the concave acetabulum

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2
Q

What is the difference between the hip and shoulder joint?

A

They are both a ball and socket joint. But the hip joint is more stable joint than the shoulder because of the bone structure and the number and strength of the muscles and ligaments crossing the joint.

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3
Q

Pelvic Girdle

A

Two ilia and the sacrum, it can be rotated forward, backward, and laterally to optimize positioning of the hip

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4
Q

Pelvic Tilt

A

Top of the pelvic bone (illum)

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5
Q

Flexors Hip

A

Iliacus and psoas major

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6
Q

Hip Extensors

A

Gluteus Maximus and the hamstrings: biceps Deloris, semimembranosus, and semitendinosus

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7
Q

Abductor Hip

A

Gluteus medius and gluteus minimus

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8
Q

Adductor Hip

A

Adductor magnus, adductor longus, adductor brevis (gracilis)

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9
Q

Sternoclavicular joint

A

Modified ball and socket joint between the proximal clavicle and the manubrium and sternum

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10
Q

Acromioclavicular joint

A

Irregular joint between the acromion processs of the scapula and the distal clavicle

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11
Q

Coraclavicular joint

A

Syndesmosis with the coracoid process of the scapula bound to the inferior clavicle by the coracoclavicular ligament

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12
Q

Glenohumeral joint

A

Ball and socket joint in which the head of the humerus articulates with the glenoid fossa of the scapula

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13
Q

Scapulothoracic joint

A

Articulation between the anterior scapula and the thoracic wall

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14
Q

Scapulohumeral rhythm

A

A regular pattern of scapular rotation that accompanies and facilitates numeral abduction

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15
Q

Flexor muscles of shoulder

A

Clavicular pectoralis major, anterior deltoid

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16
Q

Extensors of the shoulder

A

Sternal pectoralis major, latissimus dorsi, teres major

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17
Q

Abductor of the Shoulder

A

Middle deltoid and supraspinatus

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18
Q

Adductor muscles of the shoulder

A

Latissimus dorsi, teres major, sternocostal pectoralis

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19
Q

Rotator cuff muscles

A

Subcutaneous

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20
Q

Elevation of Shoulder Girdle

A

Rhomboids, Trapezius, Levator Scapulae

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21
Q

Depression of the Shoulder Girdle

A

Trapezius, pectoralis minor

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22
Q

Adduction of the shoulder girdle

A

Rhomboids, Trapezius, Levator Scapulae

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23
Q

Abduction of the shoulder girdle

A

Serratus anterior, pectoralis minor

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24
Q

Upward Rotation of the shoulder girdle

A

Trapezius, serratus anterior

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25
Downward Rotation of the shoulder girdle
Rhomboids, pectoralis minor, Levator scapulae
26
Horizontal adduction of the shoulder
Pectoralis major, deltoid, and coracibrachialis
27
Horizontal abductor of the shoulder
Infraspinatus, teres minor, middle and posterior deltoid
28
Humeroulnar joint
Hinge joint (elbow joint)
29
Humeroradial joint
Gliding joint in which the capitellum of the humerus articulates with the proximal end of the radius
30
Radioulnar joint
Proximal and distal radioulnar joints are pivot joints the middle radioulnar joint is a syndesmosis
31
Flexors of the elbow
Brachialis, bíceps Brachii, and brachioradialis
32
Extensors of the elbow
Triceps brachii
33
Pronator quadritis
Palm up
34
Radiocarpal joints
Condyloid articulation between the radius and the three carpal bones
35
Wrist flexors
Flexor carpi radialis, flexor carpi ulnaris, palmaris longus
36
Wrist Extensors
Extensor carpi radialis longus, extensor carpi radialis brevis, and extensor carpi ulnaris
37
Carpometacarpal joint
Of the thumb is a saddle joint . Other carpometacarpal joints are gliding joint
38
Intermetacarpal joints
Irregular joints between the metacarpals that share joint capsules
39
Labrum
Connective tissue
40
Tibiofemoral joint
Dual condyloid articulations between the medial and lateral condyles of the tibia and the genus; composing the main hinge joint of the knee
41
Patellofemoral joint
Articulation between the patella and the femur (patella improves the mechanical advantage of the knee extensors by as much as 50%
42
Menisci
Cartilaginous discs located between the tibial and femoral condyles
43
Collateral ligaments
Cross the medial and lateral aspects of the knee
44
Cruciate ligaments
Cross each other in connecting the anterior and posterior aspects of the knee
45
Popliteus
“Unlocks” the fully extended knee by laterally rotating the femur with respect to the tibia to allow flexion
46
knee flexión
Hamstrings: biceps femoris, semimembranosus, semitendosus
47
Knee extension
Quadriceps: rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus intermedius, vastus medialis
48
Tibiotalar joint
Hinge joint where the convex surface of the superior talus articulates with the concave surface of the distal tibia
49
Joints of the foot
Tibiotalar Talocrurual Subtalar Talonavicular Calcaneicuboid Metarsocunieform
50
Dorsiflexors ankle
Tibialis anterior, extensor digitorum longus, and peroneus tertius
51
Plantar flexors at the ankle
Gastrocnemius and soleus
52
Subtalar joint
The anterior and posterior facets of the talus articulate with the sustencalculum tali on the the superior calcaneus
53
Structure of spine
33 vertebrae structurally Cervical region - 7 Thoracic region- 12 Lumbar region- 5 Sacrum -5 fused Coccyx- 5 fused
54
Motion segment
Consisting of two adjacent vertebrae and the associated tissues is considered to be the functional unit of the spine
55
What types of joints connect adjacent vertebrae
Intervertebral symphysis joints on the anterior side Two gliding diarthrodial facet joints on the posterior side
56
Facet joints
When we hyperextend (2)
57
Intervertebral discs
Fibrocartilaginosus structures that cushion the anterior spinal symphysis joints
58
Primary spinal curves
The thoracic and sacral curves concave anteriorly are present at birth
59
Secondary spinal curves
The lumbar and cervical curves Develop from supporting the body in an upright position after young children begin to sit and stand
60
Lordosis
Exaggerated lumbar curve
61
Kyphosis
Exaggerated thoracic curve
62
Scoliosis
Lateral spinal curvature
63
What movements of the spine are allowed?
The movement capabilities of the spine are those of a ball in soccer joint including movement in all three planes and circumduction
64
Cervical spinal flexor muscles
Rectus capitus anterior, rectus capitis anterior, rectus capitis lateralis
65
Abdominal spinal flexor muscles
Rectus abdominis , internal and external oblique
66
Cervical spinal extensor muscles
Splenius capitis and splenius cervicis
67
Thoracic and lumbar spinal extensors
Erector spinae and semisoinalis
68
Cervical lateral flexor muscles
Sternocleidomastoid and Levator scapulae
69
Loads on the spine
Body weight, tension in the spinal ligaments and tension in the spinal muscles and any external loads carried in the hands

Exam #2 Biomechanics (1 decks)

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