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Dental General Anatomy > EXAM > Flashcards

EXAM Flashcards

1
Q

Maxillary Arch

A

the teeth in the upper jaw (the upper jaw is the maxilla)

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2
Q

Mandibular Arch

A

the teeth in the lower jaw (the lower jaw is the mandible)

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3
Q

Primary Dentition

A

the first set of 20 teeth (baby teeth)

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4
Q

Permanent Dentition

A

the secondary set of 32 teeth

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5
Q

Occlusion

A

the contact of the maxillary and mandibular arch “the bite”

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6
Q

Curve of Spee

A

the curve formed the occlusion from anterior (front) to posterior (back)

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7
Q

Line Angle

A

the junction of two tooth surfaces

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8
Q

Embrasure

A

the triangle formed by the contact of two proximal teeth

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9
Q

Buccal Surfaces Face the:

A

Cheek

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10
Q

Lingual Surfaces Face the:

A

Tongue

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11
Q

The First Permanent Molars Usually Erupt:

A

at about age 6 (5-7), distal to the primary molars, before the second molars

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12
Q

Convex Means

A

Curving (or bulging) outward

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13
Q

There are premolars in the primary dentition?

A

False

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14
Q

In ideal centric occlusion the maxillary permanent dentition should slightly overjet the mandibular permanent teeth?

A

True

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15
Q

Permanent teeth that are succedaeous:

A

canines, central incisors, premolars

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16
Q

The cervical third of a crown and the root refers to?

A

the area where the crown and root meet

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17
Q

There are how many teeth in the primary dentition?

A

20

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18
Q

The mixed dentition period begins with eruption of the first permanent tooth?

A

True

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19
Q

The mouth can be divided into 4 sections called?

A

Quadrants

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20
Q

The primary teeth do not have premolars and the permanent premolars are succedaneous to the primary molars?

A

True

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21
Q

Which teeth are anterior teeth?

A

incisors, canines

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22
Q

Morphology

A

the study of form and shape

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23
Q

Cingulum

A

raised, round area on the lingual surface at the gingival third of the anterior teeth

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24
Q

Fossa

A

wide, shallow depression on the lingual surface of anterior teeth (just incisal of the cingulum)

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25
Q

Diastema

A

space between adjacent teeth (esp.. the maxillary central incisors)

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26
Q

Mamelon

A

round enamel bumps on the incisal edge of newly erupted permanent incisors

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27
Q

Cusps

A

major elevation on the occlusal surfaces posterior teeth and canines

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28
Q

Cusp of Carabelli

A

a fifth cusp found lingual to the ML cusp of the permanent maxillary first molar

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29
Q

Furcation

A

the area of the start of root divisions of teeth with 2 or more roots ( mostly the molars primary and permanent)

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30
Q

What teeth have a palatal root (three roots)

A

maxillary 2nd molar, permanent maxillary 1st molars, primary maxillary 2nd molars

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31
Q

What teeth have a cingulum?

A

maxillary incisiors, mandibular canines, mandibular incisors, maxillary canines

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32
Q

Bifurcation

A

area at which two roots divide

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33
Q

Mamelon

A

rounded extension of enamel on the incisal edge of newly erupted incisors

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34
Q

Apex

A

the tip of the tooths root

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35
Q

Cusp

A

the prominent enamel extensions of the occulusal surfaces of posterior teeth (and canines)

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36
Q

Fossa

A

shallow depression on the lingual surfaces on anterior teeth

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37
Q

Cusp of Carabelli

A

is a fifth cusp found on the mesial lingual surface of maxillary 1st molar

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38
Q

Embryology

A

the study of prenatal development

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39
Q

Histology

A

the study of human tissues at a microscopic level

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40
Q

Hydroxyapatite (HAP)

A

material that forms the hard structure of bones and teeth

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41
Q

Periodontium

A

structures that surround support and are attached to the teeth

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42
Q

Vermillion Border

A

border of the lips to the facial skin (think “lip liner”)

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43
Q

Frenum

A

the tissue attachments that bind the oral mucosa to the dental arches

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44
Q

Mucogingival Junction

A

the line between the attached gingiva and the alveolar mucosa

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45
Q

vestibule

A

space between the teeth and the inside of the cheeks and lips

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46
Q

the dorsal of the tongue contains the lingual frenum?

A

false

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47
Q

the pear shaped bump between the maxillary incisors on the hard palate is?

A

the incisive papilla

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48
Q

the filiform papillae are the bigger, redder papillae that cover the dorsal surface of the tongue and have the taste buds?

A

false

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49
Q

the large raised papillae on the posterior of the tongue are the arranged like a V are?

A

vallate papillae

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50
Q

embryonic development stages in order?

A

1st: preimplantation stage (zygote) 2nd: embryonic stage (embryo) 3rd: fetal stage (fetus)

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51
Q

three embryonic layers?

A

mesoderm, ectoderm, endoderm

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52
Q

The three stages of formation of the palate are formation of the primary palate, formation of the secondary palate and fusion of the palate.

A

true

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53
Q

the process of deposit of bone is called resorption and the process of bone loss or removal is called deposition.

A

false

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54
Q

ameloblasts

A

forms enamel

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55
Q

odontoblasts

A

forms dentin

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56
Q

cementoblasts

A

forms cementum

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57
Q

osteoblasts

A

forms bone

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58
Q

osteoclasts

A

breaks down bone

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59
Q

fibroblasts

A

forms periodontal ligaments (fiber)

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60
Q

three periods of odontogenesis, the process of tooth formation?

A

bud stage, cap stage, bell stage

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61
Q

a fissure

A

is a fault line along a developmental groove on the occlusal surface caused by incomplete joining of the lobes

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62
Q

a pit

A

is a deep hole in enamel from two development grooves cross each other

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63
Q

the anatomic crown is the portion of the tooth that is covered with enamel. the clinical crown is the portion of the tooth that is visible in the mouth.

A

true

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64
Q

what are enamel rods?

A

small prims that make acid etch work

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65
Q

primary dentin

A

forms before eruption

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66
Q

secondary dentin

A

forms after eruption

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67
Q

tertiary dentin

A

forms as a response from irriation

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68
Q

primary cementum

A

forms as the root develops

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69
Q

secondary cementum

A

forms after the tooth is erupted and in occlusion

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70
Q

lining mucosa

A

buccal, vestibule, underside of tongue

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71
Q

masticatory mucosa

A

keritinized, attached gingiva, palatal mucosa

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72
Q

specialized mucosa

A

mucosa with papilla, dorsum side of the tongue

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73
Q

alveolar process

A

a process of the maxilla and mandibula that socket the teeth

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74
Q

a foramen

A

a hold in the bone that allows veins, arteries and nerves to pass through

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75
Q

lacrimal bones

A

small facial bones that form the medial side of the orbit (surround the tear ducts)o

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76
Q

occipital region

A

area at the back of the skull (the occipital bone)

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77
Q

orbital region

A

area around the orbit or eyes

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78
Q

mental region

A

area inferior to the lower lip and superior to the chin (pout)

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79
Q

zygomatic process

A

the maxillary bone process that articulates with zygoma

80
Q

temporomandibular joint (TMJ)

A

the joint between the mandible (condyle) and the skull (temporal bone)

81
Q

a hole in a bone is called a foramen?

A

true

82
Q

a bony partition or a wall in a cavity is called a ridge?

A

false

83
Q

the cranial bone that is the floor of the cranium is:

A

ethmoid

84
Q

the one bone that does not articulate with another is?

A

hyoid

85
Q

muscles of the tongue:

A

hypoglossues, palatoglossus, genioglossus

86
Q

the salivary gland that is in the cheek is the parotid gland and the sailva flows out of the stenson duct?

A

true

87
Q

the common artery brings blood to the external carotid artery to the maxillary and mandibular arteries?

A

true

88
Q

the deep cervical lymph nodes run along the internal jugular vein and can be palpated along the sternocleidomastoid muscle?

A

true

89
Q

the cranial nerves that are motor nerves for the eye?

A

abducans, trochelar, oculomotor

90
Q

name the cranial nerve that has a sensory maxillary and mandibular division that is anesthetized with local anesthetic to make the teeth numb for dental work?

A

trigeminal nerve (v)

91
Q

succedaneous

A

its a permanent tooth that “succeeds” or replaces a baby tooth. the permanent incisors, canines and premolars are these. permanent molars are not.

92
Q

anatomic features

A

help maintain teeths positions in the arch and protect the tissues during mastication. contours, contacts and embrasures

93
Q

zygote

A

fertilized egg before implantation preimplantation period

94
Q

embryo

A

second week to eight weeks embyonic period, most critical to development

95
Q

fetus

A

nine weeks to birth, fetal period

96
Q

life cycle of a tooth

A

the process of tooth formation called odontogenesis is divided into primary periods growth, calcification and eruption

97
Q

nasalis

A

wrinkles the nose

98
Q

zygomatic major

A

draws the angles of the mouth up and back, smile

99
Q

orbicularis oris

A

closes and puckers the lips, kiss

100
Q

mentalis

A

raises the front of the chin and pushes the lower lip up pout

101
Q

parotid salivary gland

A

saliva passes from the gland into the mouth through a duct called the duct (also known as the stensen duct)

102
Q

submandibular salivary gland

A

releases saliva into the oral cavity through the wharton duct which ends in the sublingual caruncles

103
Q

sublingual salivary gland

A

releases saliva into the oral cavity through the duct, also known as the bartholin duct

104
Q

common carotid artery

A

heart, arises from the aorta and subdivides into the internal and external arteries

105
Q

internal cartoid artery

A

supplies blood to the brain and eyes

106
Q

external carotid artery

A

provides the major blood supply to the face and mouth

107
Q

cervical

A

in the neck, palpate

108
Q

axillary

A

under the arms

109
Q

inguinal

A

in the lower abdomen

110
Q

olfactory

A

1 sensory smell

111
Q

optic

A

2 sensory sight

112
Q

oculomotor

A

3 motor eye movement

113
Q

trochlear

A

lV motor eye movement

114
Q

trigeminal

A

V sensory & motor chewing and sensory of face, teeth where local anesthetic works

115
Q

abducans

A

Vl motor eye movement

116
Q

Pathology

A

study and diagnosis of disease

117
Q

Dental Caries

A

localized bacterial destruction of teeth (decay)

118
Q

Gingivitis

A

inflammation of the gingiva (bleeding gums)

119
Q

Periodontitis

A

inflammation of the structures and bone supporting the teeth

120
Q

Abscess

A

localized area of bacterial discharge (pus)

121
Q

Candidiasis

A

an opportunistic fungal infection (thrush)

122
Q

Leukoplakia

A

white spots/patches on tongue and buccal mucosa

123
Q

Torus or tori (pleural)

A

a benign bony growth on the palate or lingual side of the mandible

124
Q

Clinical Diagnosis

A

what can be recognized by a clinical oral exam

125
Q

Therapeutic Diagnosis

A

a condition responds to treatment, thus confirming the diagnosis

126
Q

Differential Diagnosis

A

more than one condition that are ruled out to leave one option

127
Q

Radiographic Diagnosis

A

a condition is detected with radiographic images

128
Q

Tissue Surfaces

A

cyst, erosion of oral mucosa, abscess

129
Q

Leukoplakia is a white patch usually from chronic irritation that is considered precancerous cells?

A

True

130
Q

Recurring aphthous ulcers (aphthous stomatitis) are canker sores that are the result of a fungal infection?

A

False

131
Q

Using smokeless (chewing) tobacco is a very high risk habit for developing leukoplakia that can become cancerous?

A

True

132
Q

Oral manifestations that may be seen as the result of treatment for oral cancers?

A

rampant caries, radiation mucosities, extreme xerostomia, osteoradionecrosis

133
Q

Palatal Tori

A

are benign bony extensions of the hard palate

134
Q

Exostoses

A

are benign bony extensions of the buccal side of the alveolus

135
Q

Ankylosis

A

a decidious tooth that is ancored down into the alveolar bone

136
Q

Perimolysis

A

the oral manifestation that presents as loss of enamel and amalgams appearing to be raised or high from stomach acid exposure on posterior teeth

137
Q

Anatomy

A

study of the shape and structures of the human body

138
Q

Physiology

A

study of the functions of the human body

139
Q

Plane

A

imaginary lines that divide the body into sections

140
Q

Midsagittal Plane

A

the imaginary line that divides the face and body into equal halves

141
Q

Ventral Cavity

A

cavity in the front of the body’s torso

142
Q

Dorsal Cavity

A

cavity in the back of the body’s torso

143
Q

Abdominal Cavity

A

contains stomach, most of the intestines and digestive accessory organs

144
Q

Thoracic Cavity

A

cavity that contains heart, lungs, esophagus and trachea

145
Q

Axial Skeleton

A

bones of the skull, spine, ribs and sterum

146
Q

Appendicular Skeleton

A

bones of the shoulders, arms, pelvic girdle and legs

147
Q

Peristalsis

A

smooth muscle action to move food through the digestive tract

148
Q

Integumentary System

A

the skin system the largest organ in the human body

149
Q

Pericardium

A

double walled sac that encloses the heart

150
Q

Periosteum

A

connective tissue that covers the bones in the body

151
Q

Sharpey’s Fibers

A

tissues (fibers) that attach periosteum to the bone

152
Q

Gomphosis Joint

A

the tooth articulating into the alveolar socket

153
Q

Midsagittal Plane

A

also the midline, the vertical plane, dividing the body into equal left and right halves

154
Q

Horizontal Plane

A

also the transverse plane, divides the body into superior and inferior parts

155
Q

Frontal Plane

A

also the coronal plane, divides the body into anterior and posterior parts

156
Q

Heart

A

thoracic

157
Q

Stomach

A

abdominal

158
Q

Reproductive organs

A

pelvic

159
Q

lungs

A

thoracic

160
Q

liver

A

abdominal

161
Q

cell wall

A

the membrane around each cell that is semipermeable to energy and communication

162
Q

cytoplasm

A

holds all the functioning elements of the cell

163
Q

nucleus

A

has the cells DNA and RNA

164
Q

epithelial

A

skin, mucosa

165
Q

connective

A

tendons, ligaments

166
Q

muscles

A

creates movement of body parts

167
Q

nerve

A

brain and spinal cord

168
Q

an organ is a group of all four tissue types that work together to perform a specific function and a body system is a group of organs that work together to perform a major body function?

A

true

169
Q

human body organs?

A

lungs, kidneys, heart, skin

170
Q

the human skeletal system has____ bones?

A

206

171
Q

the axial skeleton which includes the skull, spine, rib cage protects the major organs of the nervous, respiratory and circulatory systems?

A

true

172
Q

three layers of bone?

A

cancellous, compact or cortical, periosteum

173
Q

type of joint that describes the temporomandibular joint (TMJ)?

A

hinge, gliding

174
Q

striated

A

skeletal or voluntary muscle

175
Q

smooth

A

involuntary muscle that moves the internal organs

176
Q

cardiac

A

forms most of the heart wall

177
Q

the muscular system functions by muscles that contract and relax?

A

true

178
Q

the cardiovascular system consists of?

A

the lymphatic system, the heart, the circulatory system (veins and arteries)

179
Q

the right ventricle pumps blood into the ___ and the left ventricle pumps blood into the ___

A

pulmonary artery/aorta

180
Q

white blood cells (leukocytes) transport oxygen and red blood cells (hemoglobin) fight disease?

A

false

181
Q

____ are specialized lymph vessels, located in the small intestine, and help with absorption of fats in digestion?

A

lacteals

182
Q

lymphoid organs?

A

tonsils, spleen

183
Q

sensory and motor neurons:

A

nervous system

184
Q

trachea and alveoli:

A

respiratory system

185
Q

small intestine and gall bladder:

A

digestive system

186
Q

adrenal medulla and thyroid:

A

endocrine system

187
Q

kidneys and bladder:

A

urinary system

188
Q

epidermis and hair follicles:

A

integumentary system

189
Q

uterus and testes:

A

reproductive system

190
Q

renal failure and UTIs:

A

urinary system

191
Q

basil cell carcinoma and acne:

A

integumentary system

192
Q

prostate cancer and endometriosis

A

reproductive system

193
Q

bell’s palsy and seizure:

A

nervous system

194
Q

asthma and pneumonia:

A

respiratory system

195
Q

crohn’s disease and peritonitis:

A

digestive system

Dental General Anatomy (1 decks)

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