EXAM Flashcards
Maxillary Arch
the teeth in the upper jaw (the upper jaw is the maxilla)
Mandibular Arch
the teeth in the lower jaw (the lower jaw is the mandible)
Primary Dentition
the first set of 20 teeth (baby teeth)
Permanent Dentition
the secondary set of 32 teeth
Occlusion
the contact of the maxillary and mandibular arch “the bite”
Curve of Spee
the curve formed the occlusion from anterior (front) to posterior (back)
Line Angle
the junction of two tooth surfaces
Embrasure
the triangle formed by the contact of two proximal teeth
Buccal Surfaces Face the:
Cheek
Lingual Surfaces Face the:
Tongue
The First Permanent Molars Usually Erupt:
at about age 6 (5-7), distal to the primary molars, before the second molars
Convex Means
Curving (or bulging) outward
There are premolars in the primary dentition?
False
In ideal centric occlusion the maxillary permanent dentition should slightly overjet the mandibular permanent teeth?
True
Permanent teeth that are succedaeous:
canines, central incisors, premolars
The cervical third of a crown and the root refers to?
the area where the crown and root meet
There are how many teeth in the primary dentition?
20
The mixed dentition period begins with eruption of the first permanent tooth?
True
The mouth can be divided into 4 sections called?
Quadrants
The primary teeth do not have premolars and the permanent premolars are succedaneous to the primary molars?
True
Which teeth are anterior teeth?
incisors, canines
Morphology
the study of form and shape
Cingulum
raised, round area on the lingual surface at the gingival third of the anterior teeth
Fossa
wide, shallow depression on the lingual surface of anterior teeth (just incisal of the cingulum)
Diastema
space between adjacent teeth (esp.. the maxillary central incisors)
Mamelon
round enamel bumps on the incisal edge of newly erupted permanent incisors
Cusps
major elevation on the occlusal surfaces posterior teeth and canines
Cusp of Carabelli
a fifth cusp found lingual to the ML cusp of the permanent maxillary first molar
Furcation
the area of the start of root divisions of teeth with 2 or more roots ( mostly the molars primary and permanent)
What teeth have a palatal root (three roots)
maxillary 2nd molar, permanent maxillary 1st molars, primary maxillary 2nd molars
What teeth have a cingulum?
maxillary incisiors, mandibular canines, mandibular incisors, maxillary canines
Bifurcation
area at which two roots divide
Mamelon
rounded extension of enamel on the incisal edge of newly erupted incisors
Apex
the tip of the tooths root
Cusp
the prominent enamel extensions of the occulusal surfaces of posterior teeth (and canines)
Fossa
shallow depression on the lingual surfaces on anterior teeth
Cusp of Carabelli
is a fifth cusp found on the mesial lingual surface of maxillary 1st molar
Embryology
the study of prenatal development
Histology
the study of human tissues at a microscopic level
Hydroxyapatite (HAP)
material that forms the hard structure of bones and teeth
Periodontium
structures that surround support and are attached to the teeth
Vermillion Border
border of the lips to the facial skin (think “lip liner”)
Frenum
the tissue attachments that bind the oral mucosa to the dental arches
Mucogingival Junction
the line between the attached gingiva and the alveolar mucosa
vestibule
space between the teeth and the inside of the cheeks and lips
the dorsal of the tongue contains the lingual frenum?
false
the pear shaped bump between the maxillary incisors on the hard palate is?
the incisive papilla
the filiform papillae are the bigger, redder papillae that cover the dorsal surface of the tongue and have the taste buds?
false
the large raised papillae on the posterior of the tongue are the arranged like a V are?
vallate papillae
embryonic development stages in order?
1st: preimplantation stage (zygote) 2nd: embryonic stage (embryo) 3rd: fetal stage (fetus)
three embryonic layers?
mesoderm, ectoderm, endoderm
The three stages of formation of the palate are formation of the primary palate, formation of the secondary palate and fusion of the palate.
true
the process of deposit of bone is called resorption and the process of bone loss or removal is called deposition.
false
ameloblasts
forms enamel
odontoblasts
forms dentin
cementoblasts
forms cementum
osteoblasts
forms bone
osteoclasts
breaks down bone
fibroblasts
forms periodontal ligaments (fiber)
three periods of odontogenesis, the process of tooth formation?
bud stage, cap stage, bell stage
a fissure
is a fault line along a developmental groove on the occlusal surface caused by incomplete joining of the lobes
a pit
is a deep hole in enamel from two development grooves cross each other
the anatomic crown is the portion of the tooth that is covered with enamel. the clinical crown is the portion of the tooth that is visible in the mouth.
true
what are enamel rods?
small prims that make acid etch work
primary dentin
forms before eruption
secondary dentin
forms after eruption
tertiary dentin
forms as a response from irriation
primary cementum
forms as the root develops
secondary cementum
forms after the tooth is erupted and in occlusion
lining mucosa
buccal, vestibule, underside of tongue
masticatory mucosa
keritinized, attached gingiva, palatal mucosa
specialized mucosa
mucosa with papilla, dorsum side of the tongue
alveolar process
a process of the maxilla and mandibula that socket the teeth
a foramen
a hold in the bone that allows veins, arteries and nerves to pass through
lacrimal bones
small facial bones that form the medial side of the orbit (surround the tear ducts)o
occipital region
area at the back of the skull (the occipital bone)
orbital region
area around the orbit or eyes
mental region
area inferior to the lower lip and superior to the chin (pout)
zygomatic process
the maxillary bone process that articulates with zygoma
temporomandibular joint (TMJ)
the joint between the mandible (condyle) and the skull (temporal bone)
a hole in a bone is called a foramen?
true
a bony partition or a wall in a cavity is called a ridge?
false
the cranial bone that is the floor of the cranium is:
ethmoid
the one bone that does not articulate with another is?
hyoid
muscles of the tongue:
hypoglossues, palatoglossus, genioglossus
the salivary gland that is in the cheek is the parotid gland and the sailva flows out of the stenson duct?
true
the common artery brings blood to the external carotid artery to the maxillary and mandibular arteries?
true
the deep cervical lymph nodes run along the internal jugular vein and can be palpated along the sternocleidomastoid muscle?
true
the cranial nerves that are motor nerves for the eye?
abducans, trochelar, oculomotor
name the cranial nerve that has a sensory maxillary and mandibular division that is anesthetized with local anesthetic to make the teeth numb for dental work?
trigeminal nerve (v)
succedaneous
its a permanent tooth that “succeeds” or replaces a baby tooth. the permanent incisors, canines and premolars are these. permanent molars are not.
anatomic features
help maintain teeths positions in the arch and protect the tissues during mastication. contours, contacts and embrasures
zygote
fertilized egg before implantation preimplantation period
embryo
second week to eight weeks embyonic period, most critical to development
fetus
nine weeks to birth, fetal period
life cycle of a tooth
the process of tooth formation called odontogenesis is divided into primary periods growth, calcification and eruption
nasalis
wrinkles the nose
zygomatic major
draws the angles of the mouth up and back, smile
orbicularis oris
closes and puckers the lips, kiss
mentalis
raises the front of the chin and pushes the lower lip up pout
parotid salivary gland
saliva passes from the gland into the mouth through a duct called the duct (also known as the stensen duct)
submandibular salivary gland
releases saliva into the oral cavity through the wharton duct which ends in the sublingual caruncles
sublingual salivary gland
releases saliva into the oral cavity through the duct, also known as the bartholin duct
common carotid artery
heart, arises from the aorta and subdivides into the internal and external arteries
internal cartoid artery
supplies blood to the brain and eyes
external carotid artery
provides the major blood supply to the face and mouth
cervical
in the neck, palpate
axillary
under the arms
inguinal
in the lower abdomen
olfactory
1 sensory smell
optic
2 sensory sight
oculomotor
3 motor eye movement
trochlear
lV motor eye movement
trigeminal
V sensory & motor chewing and sensory of face, teeth where local anesthetic works
abducans
Vl motor eye movement
Pathology
study and diagnosis of disease
Dental Caries
localized bacterial destruction of teeth (decay)
Gingivitis
inflammation of the gingiva (bleeding gums)
Periodontitis
inflammation of the structures and bone supporting the teeth
Abscess
localized area of bacterial discharge (pus)
Candidiasis
an opportunistic fungal infection (thrush)
Leukoplakia
white spots/patches on tongue and buccal mucosa
Torus or tori (pleural)
a benign bony growth on the palate or lingual side of the mandible
Clinical Diagnosis
what can be recognized by a clinical oral exam
Therapeutic Diagnosis
a condition responds to treatment, thus confirming the diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
more than one condition that are ruled out to leave one option
Radiographic Diagnosis
a condition is detected with radiographic images
Tissue Surfaces
cyst, erosion of oral mucosa, abscess
Leukoplakia is a white patch usually from chronic irritation that is considered precancerous cells?
True
Recurring aphthous ulcers (aphthous stomatitis) are canker sores that are the result of a fungal infection?
False
Using smokeless (chewing) tobacco is a very high risk habit for developing leukoplakia that can become cancerous?
True
Oral manifestations that may be seen as the result of treatment for oral cancers?
rampant caries, radiation mucosities, extreme xerostomia, osteoradionecrosis
Palatal Tori
are benign bony extensions of the hard palate
Exostoses
are benign bony extensions of the buccal side of the alveolus
Ankylosis
a decidious tooth that is ancored down into the alveolar bone
Perimolysis
the oral manifestation that presents as loss of enamel and amalgams appearing to be raised or high from stomach acid exposure on posterior teeth
Anatomy
study of the shape and structures of the human body
Physiology
study of the functions of the human body
Plane
imaginary lines that divide the body into sections
Midsagittal Plane
the imaginary line that divides the face and body into equal halves
Ventral Cavity
cavity in the front of the body’s torso
Dorsal Cavity
cavity in the back of the body’s torso
Abdominal Cavity
contains stomach, most of the intestines and digestive accessory organs
Thoracic Cavity
cavity that contains heart, lungs, esophagus and trachea
Axial Skeleton
bones of the skull, spine, ribs and sterum
Appendicular Skeleton
bones of the shoulders, arms, pelvic girdle and legs
Peristalsis
smooth muscle action to move food through the digestive tract
Integumentary System
the skin system the largest organ in the human body
Pericardium
double walled sac that encloses the heart
Periosteum
connective tissue that covers the bones in the body
Sharpey’s Fibers
tissues (fibers) that attach periosteum to the bone
Gomphosis Joint
the tooth articulating into the alveolar socket
Midsagittal Plane
also the midline, the vertical plane, dividing the body into equal left and right halves
Horizontal Plane
also the transverse plane, divides the body into superior and inferior parts
Frontal Plane
also the coronal plane, divides the body into anterior and posterior parts
Heart
thoracic
Stomach
abdominal
Reproductive organs
pelvic
lungs
thoracic
liver
abdominal
cell wall
the membrane around each cell that is semipermeable to energy and communication
cytoplasm
holds all the functioning elements of the cell
nucleus
has the cells DNA and RNA
epithelial
skin, mucosa
connective
tendons, ligaments
muscles
creates movement of body parts
nerve
brain and spinal cord
an organ is a group of all four tissue types that work together to perform a specific function and a body system is a group of organs that work together to perform a major body function?
true
human body organs?
lungs, kidneys, heart, skin
the human skeletal system has____ bones?
206
the axial skeleton which includes the skull, spine, rib cage protects the major organs of the nervous, respiratory and circulatory systems?
true
three layers of bone?
cancellous, compact or cortical, periosteum
type of joint that describes the temporomandibular joint (TMJ)?
hinge, gliding
striated
skeletal or voluntary muscle
smooth
involuntary muscle that moves the internal organs
cardiac
forms most of the heart wall
the muscular system functions by muscles that contract and relax?
true
the cardiovascular system consists of?
the lymphatic system, the heart, the circulatory system (veins and arteries)
the right ventricle pumps blood into the ___ and the left ventricle pumps blood into the ___
pulmonary artery/aorta
white blood cells (leukocytes) transport oxygen and red blood cells (hemoglobin) fight disease?
false
____ are specialized lymph vessels, located in the small intestine, and help with absorption of fats in digestion?
lacteals
lymphoid organs?
tonsils, spleen
sensory and motor neurons:
nervous system
trachea and alveoli:
respiratory system
small intestine and gall bladder:
digestive system
adrenal medulla and thyroid:
endocrine system
kidneys and bladder:
urinary system
epidermis and hair follicles:
integumentary system
uterus and testes:
reproductive system
renal failure and UTIs:
urinary system
basil cell carcinoma and acne:
integumentary system
prostate cancer and endometriosis
reproductive system
bell’s palsy and seizure:
nervous system
asthma and pneumonia:
respiratory system
crohn’s disease and peritonitis:
digestive system
