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ap psych 6 unit > exam > Flashcards

exam Flashcards

1
Q

Germinal stage

A

The egg is fertilized (the zygote) goes thru the division. Women are born with immature eggs, men start producing sperm only with puberty.

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2
Q

Embryonic stage

A

Embryo is provided with nourishment and oxygen by the placenta. Organs begin to form, heart begins to form the first.

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2
Q

Biological differences

A

Women -> born with their immature eggs
Men -> start producing sperm at puberty

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2
Q

Placenta

A

Whatever the mother breathes, eats, or drinks may impact the course of development

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3
Q

the effects of substances

A

-Alcohol - fetal alcohol syndrome, alcoholism later in life
-Tobacco - cleft palate, low birth weight
-STDs - mental retardation, blindness
-X-rays - abnormalities, attention problems.

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4
Q

Fetal stage (2nd Trimester)

A

-Fetus starts moving
-Hearing -> first sensation to be matured

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5
Q

3rd Trimester

A

Baby weight -> 6-9 pounds

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6
Q

Genotype
Phenotype

A

genetic characteristics
physical characteristics

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7
Q

Infancy - trust vs mistrust

A

(0-18 months) If a baby is provided with all the necessary conditions it grows up to trust the world, if not – they don`t trust the world.

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8
Q

Authority vs Shame and doubt

A

(Early childhood) If a baby doesnt succeed in some things that are given expectations (ex. potty-training) and the reaction of family is negative they will feel like they cant succeed ever.

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9
Q

Initiate vs guilt

A

Preschool. Start to fight for their independence.

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10
Q

Industry (productivity) vs inferiority

A

School. Separation, socialization. Concept of good and evil.

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11
Q

identity vs role confusion

A

Who you are expected to be vs who you really are

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12
Q

intimacy vs isolation

A

Intimate relationships
Love and commitment

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13
Q

generativity vs stagnation

A

passing smthg to the next generation, midlife crisis

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14
Q

ego integrity vs despair

A

looking back and feeling good/bad abt your life

15
Q

Secure attachment

A

a child feels confident exploring new environment

16
Q

Insecure attachment

A

a child stresses the moment mom isn`t there, and even when the mom comes back the child is not happy, because what if she leaves again.

17
Q

Avoidant attachment

A

a child doesnt trust even the mother and is okay with being alone, because they dont trust anyone, and is okay even when the mother comes back.

18
Q

Authoritarian parent style

A

inflexibility, close minded, strict rules and expectations, overcontrolling.

19
Q

Authoritative parent style

A

direct rather than control. Issue oriented parenting, the rules are explained and the responsibilities are healthy

20
Q

Permissive parent style

A

rules not enforced, no boundaries, more friends than parental figures

21
Q

Uninvolved parent style

A

no rules, not responsive, not emotionally available.

22
Q

Schema accommodation

A

Old schema is adapted to integrate new info. Stimulus discrimination.

23
Q

Schema assimilation

A

New info is inserted into existing schema. Stimulus generalization.

24
Q

cognitive stages

A

-Sensory and motor – a child`s focus is on moving and senses, realization that objects that are not in their sight are still in the room. 4 y old.
-Preoperational – the baby understands and expresses itself thru language better, letters become words, symbolic thinking develops. 2-7 years old
-The concrete operational stage – conversation, reversibility, classification, seriation
-Formal operational stage – 12 understanding big topics, debating them

25
Q

Sex

A

Primary: reproduction system
Secondary: voice, body hair

26
Q

Gender

A

Social construction, is a performance

27
Q

Gender schema theory

A

Children make schemas for masculinity and femininity
Our gender can be changed based on our experience

28
Q

Identity statues

A
  1. Foreclosure – high commitment to the identities that you are exposed to, often being your family and/or community, no exploration.
  2. Diffusion – low commitment to search for identity, low exploration, not sure what their identity will or should be.
  3. Moratorium – actively seeking an identity, exploring yourself and your beliefs and values independently. Still low commitment though.
  4. Achievement – high commitment, high exploration, the goals and values are emerged.
29
Q

Imaginary audience

A

self-conscious behavior, thinking others are watching and judging.

30
Q

Personal fable (fabulous lol

A

risk-taking behavior, thinking you are special, and difficulties won`t affect you, even if they most likely will.

31
Q

Biopsychosocial approach

A
  • Biological – pre-frontal cortex isnt fully developed (decision making, planning, judging), isnt able to manage limbic system. Leads to risk-taking and impulsive decisions. The frontal lobe develops fully at 24-25.
  • Psychological – personal fable
  • Social – influence of peers.
32
Q

moral development levels

A

Pre-conventional morality - right and wrong determined by rewards and punishment. punishment/obedience. you need to behave right to get rewards.
Conventional morality - seeking approval, avoiding the blame. good intentions, understanding authorities
Post-conventional morality - abstract understanding of justice. difference between legal and moral rights. individual principles of consequence

33
Q

Internal Validity

A

accuracy

34
Q

Construct validity

A

Does it provide accurate measurement of morality

35
Q

Demand characteristic

A

respond in a way they think the researcher wants them to

36
Q

Social desirability bias

A

desire to impress the researcher

37
Q

Predictive validity

A

Would the test predict principled moral behavior

ap psych 6 unit (1 decks)

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