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Human Electrophysiology > Exam > Flashcards

Exam Flashcards

1
Q

What is the scalp location of the P50 component?

A) Occipital sites bilaterally (Oz, O1, O2)

B) Temporo-occipital

C) Vertex (Cz)

D) Fronto-central

A

C) Vertex (Cz)

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2
Q

Which stimulus is obbligatorily elicited by the P1 Visual component?

A) Paired-click paradigm

B) Black/white contrast

C) Fast auditory stimuli

D) Faces

A

B) Black/white contrast

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3
Q

What is the functional meaning of the N1 component?

A) To evaluate sensory gating

B) Low-level visual processes

C) Low-level sensory processes, modulated by top-down processing

D) Face-specific component, modulated by local and global structural features

A

C) Low-level sensory processes, modulated by top-down processing

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4
Q

Which component is specifically modulated by face expression and reflects arousal?

A) P1 Visual

B) N1

C) N170

D) P50

A

C) N170

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5
Q

What is the primary generator of the N170 component?

A) Extra-striate cortex

B) Frontal lobe

C) Fusiform gyrus

D) Parieto-occipital cortex

A

A) Extra-striate cortex

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6
Q

What is the primary scalp location for MMN?

A) Temporo-occipital

B) Parieto-occipital

C) Frontal

D) Fronto-central

A

D) Fronto-central

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7
Q

What is the functional meaning of MMN?

A) Conflict detection

B) Saliency, inhibitory control

C) Stimuli discrimination, sensory memory

D) Face-specific processing

A

C) Stimuli discrimination, sensory memory

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8
Q

How is MMN elicited in the oddball paradigm?

A) Deviant stimuli alone

B) Change in spectrally complex stimuli

C) Infrequently presented deviant stimuli differing in physical parameters

D) Temporal order reversals

A

C) Infrequently presented deviant stimuli differing in physical parameters

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9
Q

What is the primary functional meaning of the N2-P3 complex?

A) Stimuli discrimination

B) Saliency, inhibitory control

C) Sensory memory

D) Face-specific processing

A

B) Saliency, inhibitory control

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10
Q

Which brain area is associated with the generators of the N2-P3 complex?

A) Extra-striate cortex

B) Anterior cingulate cortex

C) Planum temporale

D) Fusiform gyrus

A

B) Anterior cingulate cortex

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11
Q

What task is commonly used to assess cognitive control in individuals, revealing higher N2 in conflict monitoring?

A) Paired-click paradigm

B) Oddball paradigm

C) Go-no go task

D) Posner paradigm

A

C) Go-no go task

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12
Q

What is the primary scalp location for the P3(A-B) component?

A) Temporo-occipital

B) Frontal

C) Centro/parietal

D) Parieto-occipital

A

C) Centro/parietal

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13
Q

Which of the following statements is true about the P3a component?

A) Linked to the processing of target or task-relevant stimuli

B) Typically peaks later than the P3b

C) Evoked by rare items, like deviant oddball stimuli

D) Reflects semantic violation

A

C) Evoked by rare items, like deviant oddball stimuli

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14
Q

What is the functional meaning of the N400 component?

A) Error awareness

B) Semantic violation

C) Working memory encoding

D) Target detection

A

B) Semantic violation

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15
Q

When does the Error-Related Negativity (ERN) typically emerge after error commission?

A) 50-100 ms

B) 200-400 ms

C) 250-600 ms

D) 350-500 ms

A

A) 50-100 ms

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16
Q

What does the Positive Deflection (Pe) reflect?

A) Semantic inconsistency

B) Error awareness

C) Target detection

D) Automatic orienting of attention

A

B) Error awareness

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17
Q

What does the Bereitschaftspotential (BP) or Readiness Potential (RP) reflect?

A) Semantic inconsistency

B) Error awareness

C) Movement preparation processes

D) Sensory memory

A

C) Movement preparation processes

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18
Q

When does the Lateralized Readiness Potential (LRP) occur in the RP?

A) Immediately before the movement

B) During the movement

C) Early in the preparation phase

D) After the movement is executed

A

A) Immediately before the movement

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19
Q

What is the primary challenge addressed by spatial analysis in EEG/ERP?

A) Latency of ERP components

B) Volume conduction

C) Amplitude of EEG signals

D) Duration of ERP components

A

B) Volume conduction

20
Q

Why is the “inverse problem” a challenge in EEG/ERP spatial analysis?

A) It involves the analysis of spatial resolution

B) It requires reconstruction of scalp potential maps

C) It relates to the spread of electric fields in the brain

D) It deals with the positioning of electrodes on the scalp

A

C) It relates to the spread of electric fields in the brain

21
Q

How does the “reference problem” impact EEG recordings?

A) It enhances the stability of electrode potentials

B) It results in a fixed zero potential point

C) It causes fluctuations in the voltage at the active electrode

D) It minimizes the influence of volume conduction

A

C) It causes fluctuations in the voltage at the active electrode

22
Q

What is the primary challenge addressed by source estimation in EEG/ERP?

A) Latency of ERP components

B) Volume conduction

C) Amplitude of EEG signals

D) Duration of ERP components

A

B) Volume conduction

23
Q

What is the primary goal of source reconstruction in EEG/ERP?

A) Predicting electrode positions

B) Estimating scalp voltage values

C) Estimating cortical and subcortical generators

D) Modeling dipole orientations

A

C) Estimating cortical and subcortical generators

24
Q

What does the forward modeling in EEG/ERP involve?

A) Estimating cortical generators

B) Predicting scalp voltage values based on dipole positions

C) Solving the inverse problem

D) Analyzing source connectivity

A

B) Predicting scalp voltage values based on dipole positions

25
Q

Which problem is associated with the inverse modeling in EEG/ERP?

A) Superposition problem

B) Volume conduction

C) Forward problem

D) Reference problem

A

A) Superposition problem

26
Q

How does the number of electrodes influence the precision of source reconstruction in EEG?

A) Higher number of electrodes result in a less precise source reconstruction

B) Lower number of electrodes result in a more precise source reconstruction

C) Higher number of electrodes result in a better forward model and more precise source reconstruction

D) Number of electrodes does not impact source reconstruction precision

A

C) Higher number of electrodes result in a better forward model and more precise source reconstruction

27
Q

What is the primary goal of source reconstruction in EEG/ERP?

A) Predicting electrode positions

B) Estimating scalp voltage values

C) Estimating cortical and subcortical generators

D) Modeling dipole orientations

A

C) Estimating cortical and subcortical generators

28
Q

What can be inferred from the application of source reconstruction in High Density EEG for presurgical evaluation of epileptic foci?

A) Source reconstruction limits the application of HD EEG

B) Source reconstruction enhances the precision of HD EEG

C) It is not applicable for presurgical evaluation

D) It is used to measure semantic inconsistency

A

B) Source reconstruction enhances the precision of HD EEG

29
Q

What is functional connectivity in EEG analysis?

A) Synchronization between groups of neurons

B) Estimating cortical generators

C) Modeling dipole orientations

D) Temporal coincidence of spatially distant neurophysiological events

A

D) Temporal coincidence of spatially distant neurophysiological events

30
Q

How is functional connectivity computed at the source level?

A) Based on the amplitude of EEG signals

B) High correlation on the scalp level

C) By estimating cortical dipoles

D) Temporal coincidence of spatially adjacent neurophysiological events

A

C) By estimating cortical dipoles

31
Q

What does time-frequency analysis allow us to quantify in EEG?

A) Latency of ERP components

B) Synchronization between groups of neurons

C) Spectral activity variations associated with a stimulus

D) Amplitude of oscillations for each constituent frequency

A

C) Spectral activity variations associated with a stimulus

32
Q

Which technique is commonly used for time-frequency analysis in EEG?

A) Sparse Fast Fourier Transform (SFFT)

B) Inverse modeling

C) Dipole fitting methods

D) Wavelet transform

A

D) Wavelet transform

33
Q

What does Event-related Synchronization (ERS) represent in time-frequency analysis?

A) Power decrease

B) Power increase

C) Modeling dipole orientations

D) Source localization

A

B) Power increase

34
Q

What is the application of source reconstruction in High-Density EEG for presurgical evaluation?

A) It limits the application of HD EEG
B) It enhances the precision of HD EEG
C) It is not applicable for presurgical evaluation
D) It is used for time-frequency analysis

A

B) It enhances the precision of HD EEG

35
Q

What is functional connectivity in EEG analysis?

A) Synchronization between groups of neurons
B) Estimating cortical generators
C) Modeling dipole orientations
D) Temporal coincidence of spatially distant neurophysiological events

A

D) Temporal coincidence of spatially distant neurophysiological events

36
Q

How is functional connectivity computed at the source level?

A) Based on the amplitude of EEG signals
B) High correlation on the scalp level
C) By estimating cortical dipoles
D) Temporal coincidence of spatially adjacent neurophysiological events

A

C) By estimating cortical dipoles

37
Q

What does time-frequency analysis allow us to quantify in EEG?

A) Latency of ERP components
B) Synchronization between groups of neurons
C) Spectral activity variations associated with a stimulus
D) Amplitude of oscillations for each constituent frequency

A

C) Spectral activity variations associated with a stimulus

38
Q

Which technique is commonly used for time-frequency analysis in EEG?

A) Sparse Fast Fourier Transform (SFFT)
B) Inverse modeling
C) Dipole fitting methods
D) Wavelet transform

A

D) Wavelet transform

39
Q

What does Event-related Desynchronization (ERD) represent in time-frequency analysis?

A) Power decrease
B) Power increase
C) Modeling dipole orientations
D) Source localization

A

A) Power decrease

40
Q

What does the forward problem in EEG/ERP modeling aim to solve?

A) Source localization
B) Inverse modeling
C) Estimate cortical dipoles
D) Predict the scalp voltage distribution based on dipole positions

A

D) Predict the scalp voltage distribution based on dipole positions

41
Q

What is the primary challenge in solving the inverse problem in EEG?

A) Identifying scalp electrodes
B) Predicting the scalp voltage distribution
C) Estimating the positions and orientations of cortical dipoles
D) Mapping the spatial distribution of EEG power

A

C) Estimating the positions and orientations of cortical dipoles

42
Q

How is the forward problem solved for multiple simultaneously active dipoles?

A) By modeling scalp potential maps
B) By predicting scalp voltage distributions
C) By summing the voltage distributions for individual dipoles
D) By analyzing time-frequency variations

A

C) By summing the voltage distributions for individual dipoles

43
Q

What is the significance of spatial sampling in electrical neuroimaging using EEG?

A) Determines the duration of EEG recordings
B) Defines the frequency bands of EEG signals
C) Influences the spatial resolution of EEG measures
D) Regulates the amplitude of ERPs

A

C) Influences the spatial resolution of EEG measures

44
Q

According to investigations, what inter-electrode distance is proposed for accurate spatial resolution in EEG?

A) 5–7 cm
B) 2–3 cm
C) 10–15 cm
D) 1–2 cm

A

B) 2–3 cm

45
Q

What does the “inverse problem” in EEG refer to?

A) Predicting scalp voltage distribution
B) Estimating cortical dipoles from observed scalp data
C) Summing voltage distributions for individual dipoles
D) Solving for spatial frequency of scalp potential fields

A

B) Estimating cortical dipoles from observed scalp data

Human Electrophysiology (1 decks)

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