Exam

Question 1

most predominant theoretical orientation

Answer 1

Cognitive

Question 2

reliability

Answer 2

consistency of measurement.

Question 3

two components of reliability

Answer 3

Sensitivity - agreement regarding the presence of a particular diagnosis
Specificity - agreement concerning the absence of a particular diagnosis

Question 4

Inter-rater reliability

Answer 4

refers to the degree to which two independent observers or judges agree.

Question 5

Test-retest reliability

Answer 5

measures the extent to which people being observed twice or taking the same test twice score in generally the same way.

Question 6

Construct validity

Answer 6

Is the test measuring what it claims to test?

Question 7

Criterion Validity

Answer 7

How predictive is the test? If you took the Beck Depressive Inventory, but a psychiatrist says that you do not appear to have symptoms of depression, then the Beck Depressive Inventory does not have Criterion Validity

Question 8

Unstructured Clinical Interviews

Answer 8

rely on the intuition and general experience of the interviewer. Low reliability

Question 9

Structured Interviews

Answer 9

An interview where the questions are set out in a prescribed fashion for the interviewer.
Used when mental health professionals need to collect standardized information, particularly for making diagnostic judgments based on the DSM.

Question 10

Structured Clinical Interview Diagnosis (SCID)


Answer 10

Uses branching: the client’s response to one question determines the next question that is asked.

Question 11

Psychological Tests

Answer 11

Psychological tests are standardized procedures designed to measure a person’s performance on a particular task or to assess his or her personality, or thoughts, feelings, and behaviour.

Question 12

Personality Inventories

Answer 12

The person is asked to complete a self-report questionnaire indicating whether statements assessing habitual tendencies apply to him or her. (EX Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory, MMPI).

Question 13

Projective Personality Tests

Answer 13

a psychological assessment device in which a set of standard stimuli, ambiguous enough to allow variation in responses, is presented to the individual (Rorschach Inkblot Test)

Question 14

Intelligence Tests

Answer 14

Alfred Binet, originally constructed mental tests to help the school board predict which children required special schooling.

Question 15

Computerized axial tomography (CT scan)

Answer 15

A moving beam of X-rays passes into a horizontal cross-section of the client’s brain, scanning it through 360 degrees; the moving X-ray detector on the other side measures the amount of radioactivity that penetrates, thus detecting subtle differences in tissue density

Question 15

Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI)

Answer 15

providing a picture of the brain at work rather than of its structure alone.

Question 15

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

Answer 15

MRI is superior to the CT scan because it produces pictures of higher quality and does not rely on even the small amount of radiation required by a CT scan.

Question 16

Positron emission tomography (PET scan)

Answer 16

a picture of the functioning brain. The images are in colour; fuzzy spots of lighter and warmer colours are areas in which metabolic rates for the substance are higher.

Question 16

Psychophysiological Assessment

Answer 16

Psychophysiology is concerned with the bodily changes that accompany psychological events or that are associated with a person’s psychological characteristics.

Question 16

Emil Kraepelin

Answer 16

1800, made one of the first definitions in mental health

Question 16

Newer editions of DSM

Answer 16

More extensive descriptions
More precise diagnostic criteria
Increased use of standardized diagnostic interviews has improved reliability by providing the same detailed information

Question 17

Why did the DSM remove the Culture-bound syndromes?

Answer 17

stereotyping, and isolating, it may be the same disorder but it just is being shown differently

Question 18

Criticisms of Classification

Answer 18

Loss of information about the person
stigmatizing

Question 19

Dimensional Assessment

Answer 19

Whereas a categorical approach to diagnosis classifies a diagnosis as either present or absent, a dimensional approach to diagnosis entails using measures to evaluate the extent to which symptoms exist

Question 20

Financial Conflicts of Interest

Answer 20

Accusations of relationships with pharmaceutical companies have led to questions about the potential influence of industry interests on the development of diagnostic criteria.

Question 21

Diagnostic Codes for Reimbursement:

Answer 21

the DSM provides a standardized set of diagnostic criteria and codes that can be used for insurance reimbursement purposes.

Question 22

Access to Mental Health Services:

Answer 22

Insurance companies may use DSM criteria to determine eligibility for mental health services and coverage

Question 23

Dr. Allen Frances argues about the DMS (3 points)

Answer 23

that DSM-5 changes will dramatically increase the number of people diagnosed with disorders termed diagnostic inflation.
the pharmaceutical industry will benefit most by developing new drugs for new disorders
for a return to a more cautious approach to diagnostic classification.

Question 24

Alternate form reliability

Answer 24

the extent to which the scores on two different forms of tests are consistent,

Question 25

internal consistency reliability

Answer 25

if the items in a test are related to one another

Question 26

projective hypothesis

Answer 26

The notion is that highly unstructured stimuli, as in the Rorschach ink- blot test, are necessary to bypass defences to reveal unconscious motives and conflicts.

Question 27

The Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)

Answer 27

A series of black-and-white pictures one by one and asked to tell a story related to each

Question 28

electrodermal responding

Answer 28

Anxiety, fear, anger, and other emotions increase activity in the sympathetic nervous system, which then boosts sweat-gland activity.

Question 29

CT and MRI VS PET and fMRI

Answer 29

structure v function

Question 30

categorical classification

Answer 30

Yes-No approach

Question 31

dimensional classification

Answer 31

the entities or objects being classified must be ranked on a quantitative dimension (e.g., a l -to-10 scale of anxiety, where 1 represents minimal and 10 extreme).

Question 32

Cultural Formulation Interview (CFI).

Answer 32

(1) cultural definition of the problem
(2) cultural perceptions of cause, context, and support
(3) cultural factors affecting self- coping and past help-seeking; (4) cultural factors affecting current help-seeking

Question 33

DSM-5 V codes

Answer 33

conditions or significant factors that are not disorders per se but can have a strong influence on treatment. (ex homelessness or divorce

Question 34

“other specified” and “unspecified” in the DSM

Answer 34

if a client presents with eating disorder symptoms causing significant distress and/or impairment, but full criteria are not met for any of the eating disorders, the clinician can diagnose “other specified feeding or eating disorder”