Exam

Question 1

What is communication, according to your instructor?

Answer 1

• Process of using symbols to achieve a goal
• A word or action that is meaningless until we give it meaning

Question 2

Identify and explain the significance of each part of the speech communication process discussed in class.

Answer 2

Everything you say or hear contains values and beliefs
INVISIBLE BACKPACKS;

identity it’s the beliefs and values that you carry with you every day

Interference that can affect the speaker or audience

The audience is sleepy, sad, mad, hungry, and has strong opinions on that topic

The speaker is sleepy, hungry, nervous, strong opinion on topic

Challenges
Breaking out of shell
Staying open- minded

Question 3

What strategies did your instructor give for managing public speaking apprehension?

Answer 3

-speak on things yk - physical activity
- know your audience - stay positive
- prepare, prepare, - visualize success
- don’t memorize, - don’t expect perfection
- be familiar with opening

Question 4

According to your textbook, what are the characteristics of critical thinkers?

Answer 4

Ability to form and defend ur own judgments rather than blindly accepting or instantly rejecting what you hear

Understanding the point of view

Know b/w fact & opinion
Broader context

Question 5

What is audience analysis, according to your instructor?

Answer 5

Discovering as much as possible about an audience to improve communication

Question 6

Be able to identify the ways President Reagan adapted the Challenger tribute speech to the audience and situation, as discussed in lecture and discussion.

Answer 6

1. strategy (important)
   Started with the tragedy of the rocket / ended with hope for NASA
2. Adapt to his environment
   He was supposed to give a State of the Union address but he scratched it and gave condolences
3. Who did he address
   Families, /couldn;t imagine their loss
   children / something hard to understand

Question 7

According to your instructor, what factors should you consider when conducting an audience analysis?

Answer 7

Composition; demographics, characters of a large group

age, gender, religion, ethnicity, education level / socioeconomic status

Culture
Board def, system of learned and shared symbols, languages, values, norms
Audience culture, shared interests, beliefs values, common knowledge, roles
Ex, Regan’s Speech “Freedom”

Audience Motivation  Captive Audience (required to be there)  or voluntary ( choice)  Have to be as engaging as possible for Captive Audience

Question 8

Describe the ways you can adapt to a diverse audience, according to your instructor.

Answer 8

Draw examples from many cultures heritage if & when appropriate
Emphasize your own cultural heritage if and when appropriate
Connect with interests and values
Dont overdo it ]
Resist culture - specific references all together
Polls, surveys

Question 9

What is the universal audience? What is pandering? How do these relate to audience analysis?

Answer 9

Universal Audience;
an imaginary audience made up of all reasonable people
Could there be outliers?
Acknowledge it

Pondering;
Saying whatever will please the audience even if you don’t believe it

Speech and ideas have an impact to ensure it still stands with who you are

Question 10

Know the three general purposes of public speaking discussed in class and provide examples of each.

Answer 10

1. Communicate new & unfamiliar information
2. Extend what the audience already knows
3. Update old information

Question 11

According to your textbook, what are the characteristics of a good speech topic?

Answer 11

1. Conduct a personal inventory
   - What public issues do I care about?
   - What experiences have I had that might be generalizable
   - Which of interests overlap with those of the audience
2. Brainstorm and browse thru published/ online materials

3.Narrow topic to cover with time given

Question 12

According to your instructor, what is a thesis statement and what is its purpose?

Answer 12

Thesis statement, most important claim / 1 thing to take away from the whole speech

Question 13

Understand the informative strategies discussed in class (also found in the textbook).

Answer 13

Defining: clarify term / concept

Reporting : what happened? With little / no analysis
just say what occurred

Describing : paint a picture

Explaining: paint a picture

Storytelling: use narrative

Question 14

Identify the guidelines for informative speaking discussed in class.

Answer 14

1. Deliberate
   You are teacher
   oral report, refusing
   2. Forensic
      You are Advocate
      Rendering judgments
   3. Epideictic
      Ceremonial
      awards , toasts (ex. weddings)

Question 15

REASONING/ RESEARCH

Question 16

Identify and explain each criterion of the CRAAP test, from the YouTube video watched in class (it is linked within the lecture PowerPoint).

Answer 16

CRAAP Test
Currency: How recent was it published and when was it last updated (varies on topic)

Relevance: Is the info relevant to the topic and audience (wording)

Authority: authors, publishers, the credentials of the authors ( call name of publication in speech)

Purpose; persepctive of the source; bids

Question 20

Organization & Outlining

Question 21

What are the three parts of any speech?

Answer 21

intro, body, conclusion

Question 22

According to your instructor, what are the purposes of speech introductions? In other words, what should they do?

Answer 22

Get audiences attention and interest (1st) + for speeches, incorporate lively storytelling or narrative ( a real personal story is best)

Question 23

What did your instructor argue is one of the most effective ways to grab an audience’s attention?

Answer 23

a personal story

Question 24

According to your instructor, what are the components of an effective conclusion?

Answer 24

Signal the end

Summarize the speech by restating the thesis and preview it in similar words

Question 25

What is the difference between a preparation outline and presentation outline?

Answer 25

Preparation outline; full sentences/ through outline used to craft speech

Presentation outline; phrases and keynotes that u need to highlight on or remember to say

Question 29

Presenting Speeches

Question 30

What were the four types of speech methodologies discussed in class? What are advantages and disadvantages of each?

Answer 30

Impromptu, speech on the spot
Natural flow, not prepared

Memory
Have the whole speech memorized but you sound robotic and could lose yourself in points by the order

Extemporaneous
Prepared and rehearsed but no written word for word
Could forget points, natural flow with still meorized your points of the speech

Question 31

Describe the guidelines discussed in the lecture for using visual aids. Understand what makes visual aids effective or ineffective.

Answer 31

Types, objects, models, drawings, charts/graphs, photographs, video clips, presentations

Avoid turning back to the audience
Size & placement
Dsiplay only while discussing
If not clear explain
Dont overdue but be creative
Have backup plans
Make it purposeful

Question 32

Describe all of the visual and vocal qualities discussed in lecture that enhance the effectiveness of your verbal message.

Answer 32

Appearance, dress, occasion, comfort, avoid distraction

Facial expression, be animated, face should match words

Posture, stay planted, tall, half upper body visible

Gestures, keep them natural, close to the body

Eye contact; lock into eyes, pay attention to audicens feedback, bobbing effect reading off screen

Vocal qualities, vary pitch, adjustign rate & volume, use pauses to make point

Question 34

Persuasive Speaking

Question 35

Define persuasion.

Answer 35

The process of influencing attitudes, beliefs, values and behavior

Question 36

What are questions of fact, value, and policy? Be able to identify propositions of fact, value, and policy that derive from those kinds of questions/disputes.

Answer 36

Facts: a dispute about what evidence exists and how it should be interpreted (support with evidence)

Value: a dispute about what is good, desirable, useful, ethical, or moral ( changes based on individual character and wants/ needs at that moment)

Policy: courses of action, what should or not be done ( inevitably involve questions of fact and value )

Question 37

What are Aristotle’s three rhetorical proofs? Give examples of each, in the context of public speaking.

Answer 37

Ethos, trustworthy sources, using authoritative

Mom said that's dangerous and you could get hurt 

Pathos, emotion, appealing to the audiences emotions
Joy ex. Ice cream beach no school the suns out bright blue sky

Logos, logical arguments
2+2 = 4

Question 38

Be familiar with the key concepts from the statistics video that we viewed, which is linked on Canvas.

Answer 38

Statistics are persuasive
Hidden factors can influence results (lurking variable)

Showing opp trends

Data can be grouped/ divided in many ways

Logical fallacy; any error in reasoning that renders an argument invalid