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Science study semester 2 exam > exam > Flashcards

exam Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the 4 layers of the Earth

A

Inner Core, Outer Core, Mantle, Crust

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2
Q

Which of the 4 layers is molten rock?

A

Outer Core

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3
Q

What two substances are the inner core made of?

A

Iron & Nickel

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4
Q

What state of matter is the mantle?

A

Semi-solid

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5
Q

In which layer would you find tectonic plates?

A

crust

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6
Q

Which layer is the thickest (4 layers)?

A

Mantle

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7
Q

What are the 3 types of tectonic plates?

A

convergent, divergent, transform

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8
Q

What type of plates cause mountain ranges to form?

A

convergent

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9
Q

What two types of plate boundaries do earthquakes occur at?

A

convergent &
transform

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10
Q

What does subduction mean with reference to plate boundaries?

A

One plate slides
under another

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11
Q

True or False-Igneous rocks make up ½ of all rocks in the Earth

A

False 2/3

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12
Q

How are igneous rocks formed?

A

cooling of magma

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13
Q

What’s the difference between lava and magma?

A

lava – above ground, magma-
under

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14
Q

where is extrusive igneous rocks formed

A

Formed outside of earth

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15
Q

Give one example of an extrusive igneous rock

A

basalt, pumice, quartz, obsidian

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16
Q

Describe the size of crystals in an extrusive igneous rock

A

small, not seen to naked
eye

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17
Q

What is an intrusive igneous rock?

A

Formed inside of earth

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18
Q

Describe the size of crystals in an intrusive igneous rock

A

large, can be seen by naked
eye

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19
Q

Give one example of an intrusive igneous rock

A

granite

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20
Q

What is a batholith?

A

chamber of magma beneath Earth’s surface

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21
Q

What do sedimentary rocks tell us about the history of a landscape

A

where water
once was

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22
Q

What are sediments?

A

the broken down pieces of rock

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23
Q

Define weathering

A

the breakdown of rock

24
Q

What are the three actions that cause weathering?

A

wind, rain, ice

25
Q

What is erosion

A

the carrying away of the sediments from weathering

26
Q

The weight of overlying rocks on sediments is called?

A

compaction

27
Q

the formation of hard rocks after millions of years is called?

A

cementation

28
Q

Give one example of a sedimentary rock

A

sandstone, limestone, mudstone,
conglomerate

29
Q

What is the name for the organic matter

A

dead animals & plants)

30
Q

. What is the name for a fossil that is the footprints of a dead animals?

A

trace fossil

31
Q

What does the latin word meta mean?

A

change

32
Q

What does the latin word morphic mean?

A

form

33
Q

What are the two ways in which rocks undergo metamorphism

A

heat and pressure

34
Q

Describe how contact metamorphism occurs

A

change due to heat from magma
intrusion

35
Q

Where does contact metamorphism occur?

A

beneath the Earth’s surface

36
Q

Describe the two ways in which regional metamorphism occurs

A

change due to
pressure of overlying rocks or convergent plates

37
Q

What types of rocks can undergo metamorphism?

A

all types of rock

38
Q

By how much does the temperature increase for every 1km you travel beneath the
Earth’s crust?

A

25 degrees Celsius

39
Q

Name one type of metamorphic rock

A

gneiss, marble, slate, quartzite

40
Q

True or False: metamorphic rocks are stronger than other rock types

A

true

41
Q

What do the arrows on food webs represent

A

energy transfer

42
Q

What is an example of a producer on a food web

A

grass

43
Q

What is the apex predator on a food web

A

the animal that does not get eaten by anything

44
Q

What do decomposers do on a food web

A

break down dead animals/plants

45
Q

what is a primary consumer

A

an animal that eats the grass

46
Q

what is a secondary consumer

A

the animal that eats the primary consumer

47
Q

what is a omivore

A

an animal that eats plants and meat

48
Q

what is a herbivore

A

an animal that eats plants

49
Q

what is a carnivore

A

an animal that eats meat

50
Q

what are the 7 categories of the taxonomy triangle

A

Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species

51
Q

What are the characteristics of monera

A

single celled organism (unicellular)
made up of simple cells lacking cell parts such as a necules (often found in other cells) e.g. bacteria

52
Q

what are the characteristics of a plant

A

e.g trees, flowers, grass, algae
all can make their own food through sunlight and water (photosynthesis)
mulitcelluar

53
Q

what are the characteristics of an animal

A

mulitcelluar
rely on other organisms for food

54
Q

what are the characteristics of fungi

A

cannot make their own food
e.g mushroom

55
Q

what are the characteristics of protist

A

unicellular
more complex than monera as they have a necules
cam move around within their enviroment

Science study semester 2 exam (2 decks)

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