exam Flashcards

(55 cards)

1
Q

What are the 4 layers of the Earth

A

Inner Core, Outer Core, Mantle, Crust

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2
Q

Which of the 4 layers is molten rock?

A

Outer Core

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3
Q

What two substances are the inner core made of?

A

Iron & Nickel

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4
Q

What state of matter is the mantle?

A

Semi-solid

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5
Q

In which layer would you find tectonic plates?

A

crust

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6
Q

Which layer is the thickest (4 layers)?

A

Mantle

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7
Q

What are the 3 types of tectonic plates?

A

convergent, divergent, transform

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8
Q

What type of plates cause mountain ranges to form?

A

convergent

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9
Q

What two types of plate boundaries do earthquakes occur at?

A

convergent &
transform

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10
Q

What does subduction mean with reference to plate boundaries?

A

One plate slides
under another

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11
Q

True or False-Igneous rocks make up ½ of all rocks in the Earth

A

False 2/3

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12
Q

How are igneous rocks formed?

A

cooling of magma

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13
Q

What’s the difference between lava and magma?

A

lava – above ground, magma-
under

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14
Q

where is extrusive igneous rocks formed

A

Formed outside of earth

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15
Q

Give one example of an extrusive igneous rock

A

basalt, pumice, quartz, obsidian

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16
Q

Describe the size of crystals in an extrusive igneous rock

A

small, not seen to naked
eye

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17
Q

What is an intrusive igneous rock?

A

Formed inside of earth

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18
Q

Describe the size of crystals in an intrusive igneous rock

A

large, can be seen by naked
eye

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19
Q

Give one example of an intrusive igneous rock

A

granite

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20
Q

What is a batholith?

A

chamber of magma beneath Earth’s surface

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21
Q

What do sedimentary rocks tell us about the history of a landscape

A

where water
once was

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22
Q

What are sediments?

A

the broken down pieces of rock

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23
Q

Define weathering

A

the breakdown of rock

24
Q

What are the three actions that cause weathering?

A

wind, rain, ice

25
What is erosion
the carrying away of the sediments from weathering
26
The weight of overlying rocks on sediments is called?
compaction
27
the formation of hard rocks after millions of years is called?
cementation
28
Give one example of a sedimentary rock
sandstone, limestone, mudstone, conglomerate
29
What is the name for the organic matter
dead animals & plants)
30
. What is the name for a fossil that is the footprints of a dead animals?
trace fossil
31
What does the latin word meta mean?
change
32
What does the latin word morphic mean?
form
33
What are the two ways in which rocks undergo metamorphism
heat and pressure
34
Describe how contact metamorphism occurs
change due to heat from magma intrusion
35
Where does contact metamorphism occur?
beneath the Earth’s surface
36
Describe the two ways in which regional metamorphism occurs
change due to pressure of overlying rocks or convergent plates
37
What types of rocks can undergo metamorphism?
all types of rock
38
By how much does the temperature increase for every 1km you travel beneath the Earth’s crust?
25 degrees Celsius
39
Name one type of metamorphic rock
gneiss, marble, slate, quartzite
40
True or False: metamorphic rocks are stronger than other rock types
true
41
What do the arrows on food webs represent
energy transfer
42
What is an example of a producer on a food web
grass
43
What is the apex predator on a food web
the animal that does not get eaten by anything
44
What do decomposers do on a food web
break down dead animals/plants
45
what is a primary consumer
an animal that eats the grass
46
what is a secondary consumer
the animal that eats the primary consumer
47
what is a omivore
an animal that eats plants and meat
48
what is a herbivore
an animal that eats plants
49
what is a carnivore
an animal that eats meat
50
what are the 7 categories of the taxonomy triangle
Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species
51
What are the characteristics of monera
single celled organism (unicellular) made up of simple cells lacking cell parts such as a necules (often found in other cells) e.g. bacteria
52
what are the characteristics of a plant
e.g trees, flowers, grass, algae all can make their own food through sunlight and water (photosynthesis) mulitcelluar
53
what are the characteristics of an animal
mulitcelluar rely on other organisms for food
54
what are the characteristics of fungi
cannot make their own food e.g mushroom
55
what are the characteristics of protist
unicellular more complex than monera as they have a necules cam move around within their enviroment