Exam Flashcards
Beginning of Life
The product/process design and what happens to the product within the company
Middle of Life
The use and support of the product and repair/maintenance of it
End of Life
Retire, eventually recycle and reuse of materials
RTD is for
basic Research, Technology development, product Development
Basic research entails
Discovery process, no set timing, unpredictable returns, long term
Technology Development
Loosely structured, Difficult to plan, Less predictable, Medium Term
Product development
Structured methods, planned timing, Predictable outcome, short term
What is a Derivative project development project?
When enhancing or cost reducing versions already accessible.
What is a Platform project development project?
This project holds some of the old and some of the new technologies. Think, plugin-hybrid cars.
What is a Breakthrough project development project?
This kind of project determine a significant change in current products and processes. They create a new product category.
New product development, what does it contain?
A disciplined and defined set of tasks and steps that describe the normal means by which a company repetitively converts embryonic ideas into a salable product or services.
One of a kind product development
Deeper customer analysis. Customer innovation.
Market pull products?
Furniture, trendy products that are demanded by the market.
Technology push products
Advancements in technology gives the manufacturer the opportunity to develop products the leverage of the technology and give customers value through the new tech.
Platform products
Computers, printers, tooling machines. We can use this products to perform various tasks through applications applicable to the platform product.
Process intensive products
Foods, chemicals, semi conductors. Products that are per say easy in its nature but are complex/impossible to make yourself.
High risk products
Pharma, space systems etc.
Quick build products
Software, mobile phones
Complex systems
Airplanes, cars, jet engines
A generic Product development process contains 6 stages. What may these be?
Planning
Concept development
System-level design
Detail design
Testing and refinement
Production and ramp up
Difference between sequential engineering and concurrent engineering.
Concurrent includes different departments collaborating in terms of the product development. This may be lead to a more complex information flow and longer planning phase
Sequential Engineering separates the departments. Saying that the sales department only is included in the end of the process. This may be effective but also increase the risk for re-work and adjustments in later stages.
Lean Product Process Development House includes
Foundation: Product process development problem solving
Walls: PPD process flow; Knowledge
Roof: Customer and Company values
Inside: Organizational structure, PPD leadership behaviors
The lean triangle contains…?
Technology, people, process.
Front end innovation?
Refers to the initial phase of the product development process. Will include topics such as:
Ideation
Concept development
Design
Engineering
Critical to PD since it will be the foundation upon which the end product will rest.
What 4 parameters may be useful when planning a product project
- Competitive strategy
- Market segmentation
- Technological trajectory
- Product platforms
Competitive strategy analysis
Means that the focus is on how competitors manage their business in this market.
Market segmentation?
What customers are thought to be the buyers and users of this product. Are they strong buyers?
Technological Trajectory?
What will be the future technologies of the market we seek to operate in?
Product platforms?
A platform development project creates the architecture of a family of products.
CRADLE-TO-GRAVE
Is the full life cycle from resource to use ophase and disposal of the product.
CRADLE-TO-GATE
Is an assessment of a partial product life cycle from resource extraction to the factory gate. Before it is transported to the customer.
CRADLE-TO-CRADLE
Is a specific kind of cradle to grave assessment, where the materials are reintroduced into the same or a new product life.
Life Cycle Inventory
PLC inventory quantifies total energy and material requirements, energy source, atmospheric and waterborne emissions and solid waste resulting from production and end of life management essentially.
Circular economy
In a manufacturing context in which, as seen, there is an increasing need for awareness of undertaking more responsible actions, circular economy is an emerging paradigm.
How is it possible to design out waste?
Reducing quantity of materials used
Lengthening the life cycles
Reducing energy used in manufacturing and MOL
Creating markets for secondary raw materials
Designing products that are easier to maintain, repair, upgrade and manufacture.
Developing necessary services for consumers in this regard.
Explain Value Engineering
Is where the value of all components used in the development of a product or system are comprehensively analyzed and pursued, from design to final delivery. This is integrated in the whole Product Development phase.
May contain optimization of material use, cost efficiency and quality improvements.
Value analysis
Is a step-by-step approach developed by GE to identify the functions of an existing product/service/system to establish monetary value for that function at an overall minimum cost without affecting any of the system parameters.
VA/VE can be applied to these areas?
Function, Worth, Cost
QFD stands for…
Quality function Development
Uses of a prototype
Design by doing
Give users the experience of use
Testing
Feasibility
What is IEEE
Developing prototypes early in the process to make sure early feedback and analysis of enhancements.
Benefits of prototypes
Reduce iterations in Design phase
Expedite the design process
Fast and cheap in comp to end product
Elicit more feedback
Identify more design problems
Reduces cost of design errors
Encourage creativity
Limitations / Disadvantages of prototyping
Extra work and duplication of effort
Give impression of that we’re done
Not all ideas that can be prototyped are implementable
Focused prototype
Implement one or a few attributes of the product
Answer specific questions of the design
Generally several are required
Comprehensive Prototype
Implement many or all attributes of the product
Offer opportunities for rigorous testing
Often best for milestones and integration
Physical prototypes
Something tangible
Analytical prototypes
Mathematical model of the product
Cheaper than physical
What is a Collaborative platform in PD?
Software or digital tools that enables co-ordination and progress within the product development process.
PDM is?
A system for storing, archiving and managing product engineering data. Gathers all important data at one place.
Product data management, collaborative platform that may contain drawings, tests, and specs of a product.
QFD summary
Coordinating skills within an organization
Designing goods that customers want to purchase
Target setting for mature products
Breaks down barriers and encourage teamwork
Design for X
Design for x” (DFX) Methodology has been introduced to
guarantee criteria are respected such as reliability,
manufacturability, robustness… in order to meet needs and
specifications during the design phase of a product.
