exam Flashcards
Occupational science
The study of people as occupational beings”
Characteristics of Spirituality
- Reflects meaning of life
- Is a source of :identity:motivation
- Connectedness
- Engages the essence or soul of the person
- Transcendence
- Values, beliefs and standards
The benefits of spiritual engagement include:
Sense of self & self-esteem → coping skills ◦ Resilience
◦ Sense of coherence
◦ Intimacy & connectedness with others
Ethnicity
The shared identity or similarity of a group on the basis of one or more distinguishing characteristics”
Characteristics of culture
○ Nationality
◦ Ethnicity
◦ Geographical
◦ Age
◦ Gender
◦ Educational
◦ Socio-economic
◦ Common interest/affiliations ◦ Professional
◦ Organisational
◦ Political
◦ Sexual orientation
Enculturation
The process of learning about culture through direct instruction, observation and modeling.
Acculturation
The process by which individuals relinquish aspects of their culture to acquire those of the surrounding majority culture. (Scaffa et al, 2009)
Ways in which culture impacts occupation:
Influences norms & expectations that guide occupational choices, opportunities & rights
▪Reflects beliefs & values that influence the meaning associated with occupations
▪Incorporates customs that are made up of culturally relevant occupations
▪Individuals are likely to undertake culturally sanctioned occupational roles
The OTPF Articulates “occupational therapy’s distinct perspectiv…..
occupational therapy’s distinct perspective and contribution to promoting the
health and participation of persons, groups, and populations through engagement in
occupation”
Definition occupation
Every day personalised activities that people do as individuals, and families, and with a community to occupy time, and bring meaning and purpose to life.
Occupations
Occur in contexts
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- Are influenced by performance patterns, performance skills, and client factors
- Can be categorized (ADL, IADL, health management, rest and sleep, education, work,
play, social participation) - Hold personal meaning and value
- Are prioritised differently by different people
- Are subject to factors that empower or disrupt
- May be balanced and functional or out of balance and dysfunctional
Types of occupations
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Activities of daily living (ADLs).
Activities oriented toward taking care of one’s own body and completed on a routine basis.
Instrumental Activities of Daily Living
Activities to support daily life within the home and community
Health management (new)
Activities related to developing, managing, and maintaining health and wellness routines, including
self-management, with the goal of improving or maintaining health to support participation in other
occupations.
Rest and sleep
Activities related to obtaining restorative rest and sleep to support healthy, active engagement in other
occupations.
Education
Activities needed for learning and participating in the educational environment
Work
Labor or exertion related to the development, production, delivery, or management of objects or
services; benefits may be financial or nonfinancial (e.g., social connectedness, contributions to
society, structure and routine to daily life)
Play
“Activities that are intrinsically motivated, internally controlled, and freely chosen and that may
include suspension of reality, exploration, humor, risk taking, contests and celebrations. Play is a
complex and multidimensional phenomenon that is shaped by sociocultural factors”.
Leisure
“Non-obligatory activity that is intrinsically motivated and engaged in during discretionary time, that
is, time not committed to obligatory occupations such as work, self care or sleep”.
Social participation
“Activities that involve social interaction with others, including family, friends, peers and community
members, and that support social interdependence”.
Spirituality
“Spirituality is a deep experience of meaning brought about by engaging on
occupations that involve the enacting of personal values and beliefs, reflection, and
intention within a supportive contextual environment” (Billock as cited in AOTA, 2020, p. 15)
models definition
provide explanations…
models provide explanations for the interaction of the person with his environment through occupations; providing practitioners with a framework for decision-making around occupation-based intervention”
models are client centred
The OTPF” vs Models
3 each
FRAMEWORK
▪Very broad
▪Outlines all possible domains for which OT
has key knowledge
▪Outlines the essential processes for
interventions
▪A body of knowledge for the profession
MODELS
▪Provides a structure for considering the
interrelationships of the relevant domains.
▪Helps the therapist formulate a hypothesis
for what is influencing a client’s
occupational functioning
▪May guide decision making about specific
evaluation and intervention strategies.
▪A model can be applied to a specific
client’s scenario and context.
