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NUR1111 global health > exam > Flashcards

exam Flashcards

1
Q

what’s another word for mitigation for climate change?

A

reduce

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2
Q

what are the 3 modes of vehicle transmission?

A

airborne (dust)
waterborne
foodborne

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3
Q

what are 6 health inequalities in Australia?

A

social gradients
life expectancy gap
incarceration rates
children
rural vs. metropolitan
public vs. private health care

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4
Q

what are 5 population indicators of vulnerable populations?

A

health status
mortality
disability
social health
mental health

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5
Q

what is miasma?

A

abandoned medical theory.
“bad air”/ “night air”
epidemics caused by miasma from rotting organic matter

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6
Q

are communicable disease transmitted directly or indirectly?

A

both

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7
Q

what is assessment in public health?

A

systematically collect, analyse, & make available information on healthy communities

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8
Q

what is the impact of globalisation?

A

increased connectedness
interdependence of people & country

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9
Q

what is secondary health care?

A

specialist of a facility, usually referral from primary, specific or complex diagnosis or health condition

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10
Q

what is assurance in public health?

A

ensure provision of services to those in need

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11
Q

what is unconscious bias?

A

social stereotypes about certain groups outside of an individuals conscious awareness

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12
Q

what is health literacy?

A

ability of a person to understand health info req. for them to successfully make use of all aspects of the health system

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13
Q

what are 3 ways nurses/midwives can facilitate adaption to climate change?

A

public education
preventative programs
deliver healthcare

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14
Q

what is tertiary health care?

A

specialised care provided by specialised healthcare professionals, generally in a clinical setting

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15
Q

what is health promotion?

A

process of enabling people to increase control over, & to improve their health

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16
Q

what is the relationship between climate change & human health?

A

climate change undermines the environmental determinants of health

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17
Q

what are 5 challenges in the Australian health care system?

A

increasing age > increase demand
increasing rates of chronic disease
cost of research & innovations
best use of emerging health technologies
better use of health data

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18
Q

is public health preventative or curative?

A

preventative

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19
Q

what are downstream approaches to health promotion?

A

focus on providing equitable access to care & services to mitigate negative impacts of disadvantage on health

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20
Q

why do vulnerable populations experience poorer health outcomes?

A

greater risk of health inequality

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21
Q

what 4 things make a culturally competent healthcare setting?

A

culturally diverse staff (reflects community)
interpreter services
cultural competence training
signage in various languages

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22
Q

what is biological vector transmission?

A

multiply inside their bodies > usually transferred through biting

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23
Q

what are the 3 elements of the biomedical model of health promotion?

A

risky behaviours
healthy lifestyle
health education

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24
Q

what are the 2 modes of vector transmission?

A

mechanical
biological

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25
Q

what are 4 impacts of globalisation of human health (disease/trade)?

A

-ve: increase disease
trade +ve: increased access to health-enhancing goods
trade -ve: increased access to health damaging goods
trade -ve: exploitation (child/slave labour)

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26
Q

does public health focus on the population or the individual?

A

population

27
Q

what is cultural awareness?

A

observing & being conscious of similarities & contrast between cultural groups

28
Q

what is cultural competence?

A

set of behaviours, attitudes, and policies that come together in a system, agency, or among professionals to enable effect cross-cultural care

29
Q

what are the social determinants of health?

A

conditions in which people are born, grow, work, live & age

30
Q

what is mechanical vector transmission?

A

outside of their bodies, physical contact

31
Q

what are 7 current challenges to public health?

A

poverty
food
water
sanitation
education
inequality
climate change

32
Q

what are the 3 modes of transmission for infectious disease?

A

contact
vehicle
vector

33
Q

what is race?

A

physical features that a group may have in common, considered a social construct

34
Q

what are the 3 elements of social/ecological model of health promotion?

A

broader determinants of health
reduce social inequities
empowers individuals/communities

35
Q

what is primary health care?

A

individuals first contact with health system, basic, first-line care

36
Q

are communicable diseases caused by a specific infectious agent?

A

yes

37
Q

what is culture?

A

customary beliefs, social forms, & traits of a racial, religious or social group

38
Q

what are the 3 requirements of population screening programs?

A

important health condition
recognisable early symptomatic stage
history of condition is understood

39
Q

what are 10 areas where nurses can integrate sustainability?

A

leadership
chemicals
waste
energy
water
transportation
food
pharmaceuticals
buildings
purchasing

40
Q

what is secondary prevention in health promotion?

A

interrupts, prevents, minimises progress of a disease/disorder at an early stage

41
Q

what is primary prevention in health promotion?

A

reduces likelihood of developing disease/disorder

42
Q

what is the behavioural model of health promotion?

A

modification of behaviour

43
Q

what are the 4 modes of contact transmission?

A

direct
indirect
droplet
airborne (inspiration/aerosolisation)

44
Q

what are 7 major public health achievements in the past century (20th century)?

A

decline in deaths from coronary heart disease & stoke
recognition of tobacco use as health hazard
vaccination
motor-vehicle safety
safer workplaces
control of infectious diseases
fluoridation of drinking water

45
Q

what are the 7 stages in the evolution of public health?

A

miasma
bacteriological
health resources
social engineering
old public health
new public health/health promotion
ecological public health

46
Q

what is policy in public health?

A

promote the use of a scientific knowledge base in policy & decision making

47
Q

what are the 5 components of screening program in Australia?

A

recruitment
screening
assessment
diagnosis
outcome

48
Q

what are the 4 healthcare providers in the Australian health system?

A

primary care services (GPs)
medical specialists
allied health workers
nurses/midwives

49
Q

what is the transmission of a communicable disease?

A

infectious agent or its toxic products from an infected person, animal, or reservoir to a susceptible host

50
Q

what does sensitivity measure in screening programs?

A

how often a test correctly produces a positive result for people who have the condition

51
Q

what are 4 roles nurses/midwives have in policy development for health promotion?

A

advocates for health
understand impact of poor health
involved in preventative care
understand importance of care regardless of income/background

52
Q

what is ethnicity?

A

ethnic quality or affiliation

53
Q

what are 6 interventions for communicable/infectious disease?

A

remove agent
control reservoir
physically prevent transmission from reservoir
isolate/quarantine
prevent infection in new host
contact tracing

54
Q

what is specificity measure in screen programs?

A

test’s ability to correctly produce a negative result for people who don’t have the condition

55
Q

what are 4 major disease conditions?

A

cardiovascular
diabetes
cancers
chronic respiratory diseases

56
Q

what are health inequities?

A

unfair systematic differences in health status & outcomes or in the distribution of health resources

57
Q

what are health inequalities?

A

unfair distribution of resources

58
Q

what is tertiary prevention in health promotion?

A

halts progression of damage already done

59
Q

what is public health

A

art & science concerned w/ promoting health, preventing disease & prolonging life for everyone, everywhere, at every stage of life

60
Q

what are the 3 core functions of public health?

A

assessment
policy
assurance

61
Q

what are upstream approaches to health promotion?

A

improving fundamental social & economical structures to decrease barriers/improve supports which allow people to achieve full potential health

62
Q

what’s another word for adaption to climate change?

A

prepare

63
Q

can different population groups avoid health inequities due to their social determinants of health?

A

yes

64
Q

what are 4 ways nurses/midwives reduce barriers to health services for vulnerable populations?

A

educate yourself
active listener
culturally competent practitioner
advocate for change in organisational & system policy when needed

NUR1111 global health (1 decks)

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