Exam

Question 1

Central Nervous System (CNS)

Answer 1

Brain and spinal cord

Question 2

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

Answer 2

Connects the brain and spinal cord to the rest of the body

Question 3

Somatic Nervous System

Answer 3

Axons carrying messages from the sense organs to the CNS and from the CNS to the muscles

Question 4

Autonomic Nervous System

Answer 4

Controls the heart, intestines, and other organs. The ANS has some of its cell bodies within the CNS and some in clusters along the sides of the spinal cord.

Question 5

Restorative Plasticity

Answer 5

The brain rewires around the region of damage to try and reconnect lost pathways. The structural pathways are restored.

Question 6

Compensatory Plasticity

Answer 6

When structural plasticity cannot restore the network, sometimes another part of the brain can take over and perform the function of the damaged region to compensate.

Question 7

Axon Rewiring

Answer 7

Problems that could occur due to incorrect wiring may outweigh the benefits of repair. In fact it appears that axonal regrowth is actively inhibited.
Glial cells express proteins that form scar like structures , preventing axonal regrowth despite the neurons retaining the intrinsic capability for axonal regeneration.

Question 8

Cerebrum Lobes

Answer 8

Frontal, Parietal, Temporal and Occipital

Question 9

Cerebellum

Answer 9

A portion of the brain between the brain stem and cerebrum.

Question 10

Brain Stem

Answer 10

Connects the brain to the spinal cord, consists of multiple elements including the medulla oblongata, midbrain, and pons.

Question 11

Soma

Answer 11

The cell body that contains DNA enveloped in the nucleus and other organelles required for protein production.

Question 12

Axon

Answer 12

A structure that extends from the cell body of a neuron to the terminal endings and transmits neural signals via synapses.

Question 13

Dendrites

Answer 13

A projection that conducts the electrochemical messages received from other neurons towards the soma. Dendrites are covered in minute projections known as dendrite spines, making their surface area large. Dendrite structures vary between neurons.

Question 14

Direct antagonists

Answer 14

Bind to receptor sites and block them - reducing number of receptors available for neurotransmitters to activate.

Question 15

Indirect antagonists

Answer 15

Inactivation of the enzymes that are involved in the release of neurotransmitters

Question 16

Direct agonists

Answer 16

Bind to postsynaptic recpetors and produce similar responses to that of a neurotransmitter

Question 17

Indirect agonists

Answer 17

Enhance action of natural neurotransmitters that increase their availability at the synapse