Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

155 Selected Conditions > exam > Flashcards

exam Flashcards

1
Q

explain chronic pain

A

pain that has gone past the normal tissue healing time of 3 mos; has no protective purpose; no more inflammation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

differentiate chronic and nociceptive pain and its relation to sensitization

A

chronic pain = central bc the issue usually lies with the CNS sensitivity to activity; central sensitization is usually triggered by mechanical stimuli but not thermal; nociceptive pain = peripheral sensitization so nerves around area of pain are sensitized, protective in nature ; usually triggered by both mechanical and thermal stimuli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

PQRST nociceptive

A

provoking & quality & severity: stimuli proportional to pain increase (e.g., light touch = sensitive; pressing = painful); NSAIDs and analgesics work
region: localized to area of injury; surrounding areas may be a lil sensitive
time: sensitive esp when area is inflamed; but inflammation goes away soon enough (acute; sub-acute)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

assessment procedures and purpose

A

central sensitization index (CSI)
tampa scale of kinesiophobia
pain catastrophizing scale
painDETECT - neuropathic vs CS
quantitative sensory testing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

CSI

A

quality of pain; higher score = higher likelihood of CS
0-29 sub
30-39 mild
40-49 moderate (Nijs framework)
50-59 severe
60-100 extreme

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

TSK

A

4 8 12 16 (+) used for checking (17px) consistency of px. response
higher = more kinesiophobia
37pts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

PCS

A

30/52 clinically significant (13px)
rumination - 8, 9, 10, 11
magnification 6, 7, 13
helplessness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

allodynia vs hyperalgesia

A

allodynia = pain when not pain
hyperalgesia = pain when pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

principles of altering pain memories (cognitive-targeted exercise therapy)

A

time contingent exercises
goal setting
addressing feared movements
motor imagery
make use of stress
address perceptions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

painDETECT

A

0-12 neuropathic
12-19 not sure
19-38 CS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

brain areas and parts that affect pain experience

A

homunculus - little man (directory of motor neurons)
- pain cant be localized bc homuncular smudging occurs
amygdala - fear and negative emotion
- certain movements have negative emotions and experiences
brodmann area 312
- sensory information and experience can be transmitted to area 4 (motor)
A-beta fiber - touch
A-gamma fiber - ms contraction (pressure, stretch)
C fiber - pain, temp, itch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

gate control theory and CS

A

dorsal horn wind-up
disinhibition of interneurons (aka interneurons that are supposed to be inhibiting the pain dont work like they should) usually prevent overflow of 2nd order neuron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

PSFS

A

functional scale (0-5)
SALIENCE
lower score less function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

management principles

A

relax, exercise, self-regulate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

parts of skin

A

epidermis (culugo sa batok)
dermis (papillary, reticular)
hypodermis (fat layer)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

sensory receptors and levels, fx.

A

meissners (p d) - discrimination
Krause (p d) - cold
Ruffini’s (p d) - warmth
Pacinian (r d) - pressure, vibration [Pacinian = Pressure]
Merkel’s (epi) - superficial sensation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

types of burns

A

thermal
electrical
radiation
chemical
inhalation

18
Q

stages of wound healing

A

hemostasis
inflammation
granulation or proliferation
maturation or remodelling

19
Q

zones jackson’s model

A

hyperemic
stasis
coagulation

20
Q

types of burns and key features (color, pain, wound healing)

A

epidermal
- redness
- no intervention needed
superficial partial thickness (dermis)
- redness, warm
- most painful
- 7-10 days
deep partial thickness (reticular)
- bright pink or mottled red
- keloidal scar formation
full thickness (3rd deg)
- black, waxy white (ischemic)
- not sensitive to anything; dry, inelastic
- grafting; eschar presence
subdermal (electric)
- charred; past subcutaneous tissue

21
Q

rule of 9s (adult and child)

A

adult [child]
head - 4.5% one side [8.5% one side]
arms - 4.5% one side [4.5% one side]
leg - 9% one side [6.5% one side]
torso - 18 (9% superior; 9% inferior) [9% superior, inferior]
genitalia - 1% [same]

22
Q

burn complications [9]

A

infection
metabolic complications
pulmonary complications
CV complications
heterotrophic ossification
neuropathy - d/t tight bandages, compression syndrome
pathological scars (keloid/hypertrophic) -> inc in collagen
contractures

23
Q

techniques for wound care

A

debridement
medication
grafting
scar contracture correction

24
Q

general rule for contracture mgmt; main movements to avoid

A

move away from position of comfort
flexion; plantarflexion

25
Q

PT management techniques

A

ROM
ambulation
scar management
- pressure dressing
- breaking scar/ deep friction massage / wringing massage
conditioning exer

26
Q

pressure sore risk factors

A

increased weight, decreased mobility, increased skin moisture, less protein intake, blood supply issues

27
Q

describe pressure sore stages

A

1 - redness; no blanching
2 - no slough; skin breakage
3 - slough; deep crater
4 - undermining and tunneling; bone tendon muscle exposed
unstageable - covered in slough or eschar

28
Q

general causes

A

diabetic neuropathy
arterial (regular, medial malleolus, lower calf)
venous (irreg, lateral aspect/dorsum of foot)

29
Q

tests and measures for pressure ulcers and rationale

A

ankle-brachial index (ABI) - check loss of perfusion in LE
sensory testing (monofilament testing) - check for decrease in sensation

30
Q

most effective treatments depending on type of ulcer

A

diabetic - foot care (know how to check)
arterial - smoking cessation
venous - compression therapy

31
Q

main cause of DS and types

A

CH21
- trisomy 21
- mosaicism
- translocation

32
Q

systemic affectations of DS [8]

A

hypotonia (atlantoaxial, atlanto-occipital)
heart disease (ASD, VSD)
mild to moderate cognitive impairment
hematologic disorders
vision impairments
GI disorders (celiac, hirschsprung)
endocrinopathies (HYPOthyroidism, diabetes)
gross and fine motor, and language delays

33
Q

pathokinesio issues of DS [5]

A

gross motor
fine motor
motor planning, balance, and coordination

34
Q

physical clinical features [5]

A

clinodactyl pinky
simian crease
brushfield spots
flat facial profile
upward slanted eyes

35
Q

ax for genetic conditions [2-but list items in framework (9)]

A

gmfm-88
framework; check for:
- abnormal posture
- dysmorphic features & drooling
- primitive reflexes
- joint laxity (hypermobility) and flexibility
- antigravity test
- resistance to passive movement
- motor skills
- muscle strength
- fxal and endurance testing

36
Q

main cause of DMD

A

no dystrophin or dystrophin glycoprotein complex so cell has no protection

37
Q

main clinical s&s of DMD

A

LE > UE
proximal > distal
hypotonia, poor head control
toe walking, hard time running and climbing up stairs
ambulation delay
lumbar lordosis, scoliosis
AKHE contracture
pseudohypertrophy of calves
- scar tissue formation d/t release of creatine kinase
gower’s sign
pharyngeal weakness
waddling and trendelenburg gait
chronic respiratory failure
cardiac abnormalities

38
Q

prognosis for DMD

A

most don’t make it past 18yo; wheelchair by 12

39
Q

other types of MD

A

becker = better DMD
landouzy-dejerine (or FMD) - mostly facial muscle weakness and beevor sign
DM - DM1&2

40
Q

tone mgmt and tx for genetic conditions

A

facilitatory
- light moving touch
- Fast brushing
- Icing
- Proprioceptive Facilitatory Techniques
- Heavy joint compression
- Stretch
- Tapping
- Vestibular stimulation
inhibitory
- Slow rocking
- Slow stroking
- Light joint compression (approximation)
- Tendinous pressure
- Maintained stretch

41
Q

periodization

A

breaking down training phase into conditioning, transitioning, competition

42
Q

emergency procedure [police]

A

protection, optimal loading, ice, compression, elevation

155 Selected Conditions (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions