Exam Flashcards
(138 cards)
1
Q
Functional capacity evaluations are most beneficial at the end of ________________ but can also be used as a baseline for new employees.
A
remediation
2
Q
When preparing for a worksite visit what should you do as an OT?
A
- Identify reason for visit
- Request a job description
- Set a visit date and establish/confirm contact with those needing to be present
3
Q
At a well-designed computer seated workstation the desk surface should be at what height?
A
Same height as 90 degree elbow
4
Q
At a well-designed computer seated workstation the keyboard should be…
A
Close to desk edge, flat or positioned at negative tilt, approximately shoulder width.
5
Q
At a well-designed computer seated workstation, how is the monitor positioned?
A
The worker is able to face the monitor directly, it is arms length from body, perpendicular to window to avoid sun glare, screen top at eye level, a stand is used to adjust laptop height.
6
Q
Standing for long periods without breaks on hard surfaces is associated with…
A
leg, low back and foot pain.
7
Q
Key principles of workstation layout include (4 factors for the placement of items):
A
Importance: place most important items in most easily accessible location
Frequency of use: place most frequently used items in convenient, close-to-reach locations
Function: Place items with similar functions together (staples, paper clips, scissors)
Sequence of use: lay out items in same sequence in which they are used
8
Q
A neutral posture is achieved when…
A
- Head is upright
- Neck is slightly flexed
- Shoulders are at sides and flexed less than 20 to 25 degrees
- Elbows are flexed to about 90 degrees
- Wrists are in zero degrees of flexion
9
Q
Prolonged sitting increases…
A
Spinal compression forces and potential for static loading on neck and shoulders; pressure through ITs and coccyx
10
Q
For standing workstations how should workers stand?
A
With hips midway between an anterior and posterior pelvic tilt, foot rails can be used for intermittent foot placement to relieve stress on low back and change leg position.
11
Q
For standing workstations, precise work requires a ____________ work surface to provide proximal stabilization of ______________ inches above elbow.
A
higher, 2 to 4 inches above elbow.
12
Q
Light assembly work surface can be 2 to 4 inches below elbow to best _____________________.
A
Utilize upper extremity musculature forces.
13
Q
Heavy work requires a ___________ work surface, about 4-5 inches _____________ elbow to ….
A
lower, below, to leverage body and trunk strength.
14
Q
____________ is key for multiple individuals using the same workstation.
A
Adjustability
15
Q
Combination of sit-stand-move routines for office workers, what are the suggested times?
A
Sit 20, stand 8, move 2
16
Q
Sit-stand workstations promote postural changes to decrease musculoskeletal strain from either position, true or false?
A
True
17
Q
The main purpose of a job analysis is to…
A
Clarify what the employee is responsible for (essential duties)
18
Q
Job analysis can be used both proactively and reactively, explain both.
A
Job analysis can be used proactively to prevent injury and reactively for rehabilitation and return to work purposes.
19
Q
A job analysis can be used to develop and select a functional capacity evaluation and to predict work performance, true or false?
A
True
20
Q
The main difference between job analysis and job demands/task analysis is…
A
Job analysis is often tailored to an individual’s needs, a job demands/task analysis is often based on what the requirements are of a job.
21
Q
Work simplification and energy conservation techniques are used when an occupation is ____________ for an individual.
A
Occupation is too demanding
22
Q
Name some work simplification and energy conservation techniques
A
Limit amount of work, plan ahead, prioritize, organize, sit to work, use efficient methods, use correct equipment and techniques, and balance physical tasks with rest breaks, pair a hard task with an easier task.
23
Q
Work conditioning happens after work hardening, true or false?
A
False, work conditioning happens before work hardening.
24
Q
What is OTs’ unique lens in the process of assisting workers to stay at work and return to work?
A
Background in the full spectrum of human performance, OT provides a framework to identify facilitators and remove barriers to mitigate disability.
25
Common settings in which OTs assess BADLs include...
Medical continuum from ICU-outpatient and homecare, some areas of OT just obtain a self-report.
26
Explain intervention to support participation in BADLs and IADLs with weakness.
Techniques used and amount of assistance differs based on location of weakness.
- Teaching bed mobility skills
- Adaptive techniques and aids such as railings and other supports in bed
- Adaptive techniques for bathing (pre-planned placement of items and aids such as bathing chairs and grab bars)
27
How might weakness affect BADLs and IADLs?
Difficulty in dynamic and static balance, posture, transfers, functional mobility, reaching, and/or grasping.
28
Name some modifications and adaptive equipment used to enhance ADLs for clients with weakness.
- Bed mobility (bridging in bed, rolling in bed, scooting, side-lying to sitting)
- Bed rope ladders and overhead trapeze bars, leg lifters, transfer sheets, bedrails)
- Bathing and showering (modification of technique, grab bars, nonslip mats, long handled sponges, shower wraps as opposed to towels)
- Toileting (establish routines or use alarms for regular bowel and bladder voiding)
- Raised toilet seats, grab bars, comfort wipe extended handle
29
How might toileting be affected by weakness?
Toileting requires a person to be able to don and doff clothing, sit on and rise from the toilet, reach and grasp toilet tissue, and clean perineal areas. Clients with weakness may have difficulty grasping and holding onto clothes and cleaning supplies, as well as transferring onto and off toilets.
30
Explain some modifications of technique for toileting with weakness.
- Establish routines or use alarms for regular bowel and bladder voiding.
- Use bed pans or adult diapers for clients who have difficulty getting to the toilet in time or completing toileting activities.
31
Explain the use of adaptive equipment for toileting with weakness.
- Use raised toilet seats and grab bars or arm rests for easier transfer on and off toilets.
- Use 3-in-1 bedside commodes with pails to avoid the need to ambulate in the bathroom.
- Use toilet seat lifts to mechanically move clients from sitting on a toilet seat to standing or moving to a mobility device.
- Use floor-to-ceiling grab bars
- Use drop-arm commodes for clients who need to reach behind for toilet hygiene
- Bidet-toilet combos or bidet-toilet seats eliminate the need for toilet paper.
- Comfort wipe extended-handle toilet paper holder or tongs.
32
Explain some modifications of technique for bed mobility with weakness.
- Bridging in bed (can assist with strengthening the back, abdominals, quadriceps, and gluteal muscles)
- Rolling in bed (change position by shifting weight in bed)
- Scooting in bed (allows clients to be mobile in bed and build strength in trunk and LE muscles)
- Side-lying to sitting at the edge of the bed (prepare to stand, transfer to a mobility device)
- Sitting at edge of bed to supine
33
Explain some modifications of technique for bed mobility with weakness.
- Bridging in bed (can assist with strengthening the back, abdominals, quadriceps, and gluteal muscles)
- Rolling in bed (change position by shifting weight in bed)
- Scooting in bed (allows clients to be mobile in bed and build strength in trunk and LE muscles)
- Side-lying to sitting at the edge of the bed (prepare to stand, transfer to a mobility device)
- Sitting at edge of bed to supine
34
Explain the use of adaptive equipment for bed mobility with weakness.
- Bed rope ladders or overhead trapeze bars for those with LE/trunk weakness
- Electric or adjustable beds with powered head and knee controls assist with supine to sitting and vice versa.
- Bedrails or halos provide support for changing position.
- Leg lifters assist with lifting clients' legs into or out of bed
- Transfer sheets or draw sheets help with rolling and moving to the edge of the bed
- Hoyer lifts move clients out of bed into seated positions
35
How might clients with weakness have difficulty with bathing and/or showering?
Clients with weakness may have difficulty transferring into the bathtub or shower, standing or sitting in the shower, and grasping and holding onto items such as soap.
36
Explain some modifications of technique for bathing and showering with weakness.
- Start with sponge bathing in bed
- Progress to bedside sponge bathing, then bathing at the bathroom sink, followed by a walk-in shower with a shower chair, and finally showering in a tub with a bath bench
- Crossing one leg over the other while seated to wash alternate lower limbs is easier then bending down to wash limbs.
37
Explain the use of adaptive equipment for showering/bathing with weakness.
- 3-in-1 commodes
- Walk-in bathtubs
- Grab bars
- Nonslip mats
- Soap on a rope or wash mitts with soap inserted in the pocket
- Use pump or automatic soap dispensers for clients who are unable to lift and squeeze
- Long-handled sponges, brushes, and toe brushes
- Long, large, or lever shower handles for easier grip
- Handheld adjustable shower hose or shower slide bars
- Shower wraps to dry body
38
Explain how clients with weakness may have difficulty in personal hygiene and grooming.
Clients with weakness, especially for the UE, will have difficulty grasping and holding onto grooming supplies, such as combs, brushes, makeup and shampoo.
39
Explain the modification of technique for personal hygiene and grooming for an individual experiencing weakness.
- Sit at the sink or vanity with arms supported on the surface
- Organize and place required supplies in close proximity to avoid excessive reaching.
40
Explain the use of adaptive equipment for personal hygiene and grooming with weakness.
- Built-up handles
- Electric toothbrushes
- Toothpaste dispensers
- Waterpiks
- Pump or automatic dispensers
- Dry shampoo and conditioners
- Flip-top bottles
- Wall-mounted hair dryers
- Hair removal cream
- Universal cuffs to hold combs, razors, tooth brushes
- Emery board mount for nail clippers and/or nail file
41
Explain the modification of technique for dressing with weakness.
- Organize closets so that commonly used clothes are placed within easy reach
- Lower closet pole height to allow for easier clothing access
- Remove closet doors if opening and closing doors requires too much effort
- Easy glide dresser drawers that only require a light push to slide open
42
Describe the general guidelines of energy conservation.
- Plan activities for each week to avoid completing too many in one day.
- Pace needed activities for each so that rest periods are maintained between activities
- Maintain a slow and steady pace, avoid rushing
- Break large tasks into smaller ones that can be divided throughout the day
- Maintain all supplies for daily activities in the location where each activity is to take place
- Sit whenever possible, but avoid prolonged sitting
43
What is incoordination and how might it present?
Incoordination is loss of precise smooth movements and can result from central nervous system disorders. It may present as ataxia, dysmetria, dyssynergia, tremors, and involuntary movements.
44
Occupational therapy intervention for those with incoordination and poor dexterity focuses on...
- Stabilizing the body as much as possible by sitting during ADL activities
- Bearing weight on UEs
- Holding UEs close to body
- Using splints to stabilize selected joints to improve clients' extremity control
45
Describe ADL techniques for loss of use of one upper extremity or one side of body.
- Teach one-handed techniques
- Teach functional techniques that also protect less functional side of body
- Positioning items on unaffected side for maximum ease of ADL performance
- Teaching specific sequences of techniques for alternative approaches to tasks
- Provide adaptive equipment as needed
46
Occupational therapy intervention for lower extremity amputation focuses on...
- Identifying most stable and safe positions for activities
- Teaching sequencing for safe and efficient accomplishment of ADL's
- Particular attention focuses on when to don/doff prothesis or prostheses
47
Describe the recommended OT intervention sequence for low or limited vision.
1. Maximize visual functioning (refer to eye doctors, then identify and use remaining best vision for compensation)
2. Modify task or environment to enhance performance
3. Modify tasks or environments to reduce or eliminate need for visual performance
4. Eliminate tasks or ask caregivers to complete tasks.
48
Occupational therapy intervention for people with ABCD considerations involves...
- Thorough functional assessment to identify problem areas
- Recommend adaptive equipment (long handled mirrors for skin inspection)
49
Occupational therapy intervention for memory deficits focuses on...
- Cueing strategies
- Task simplification
- Environmental simplification
- Assistive technology reminder
50
Describe some modification techniques for those with memory deficits.
- Use of graded cueing strategies beginning with verbal, then visual, and finally tactile cues
- Simplifying activities by breaking them into small steps
- Reducing the amount of physical, visual, and auditory clutter in the environment
- Developing lists of needed ADL and the order in which they should be completed
- Posting large, visual, step-by-step instructions in the areas where ADLs are performed
- Using alarms to remind clients when ADLs need to be completed
- Journaling to remember tasks that need to or have been completed
- Intelligent assistive technologies
51
What are some common secondary health effects associated with amputations?
- Poor nutritional intake
- Reduced exercise
- Excessive weight
- Hypertension
- Skin issues
- Diabetes
52
Individuals who have amputations are at higher risk for development of various medical and musculoskeletal complications, lower limb amputation puts individuals at higher risk of _____________________________ and upper limb amputation puts individuals at risk of ____________________________.
Lower limb=higher risk of upper limb nerve entrapment, upper limb=pain in neck, upper back, shoulders and remaining limb.
53
Why are those with lower limb amputations at higher risk for upper limb nerve entrapment?
Often they use crutches, this may cause nerve damage to the brachial plexus if they persistently lean.
54
Why are those with upper limb amputations at risk for pain in the neck, upper back, shoulders and remaining limb?
These individuals often compensate with their other limb and/or also experience residual pain and injury from trauma.
55
Sexual activity is an ADL, true or false?
True!
56
OT interventions for sexual activity may include...
- Positioning
- Adaptive devices
- Resources (advocacy)
- Important to consider client's gender identity or expression, sexual orientation, body image, values, beliefs, ethical issues, culture
57
What is an assessment that may be used to initiate conversation around sexual activity with the client?
DASH (has a question about the impact if upper extremity disability on sexual activity)
COPM (meaningful and important occupations)
58
Explain a biomechanical approach to sexual activity OT interventions.
- Acknowledgement of concerns
- Provide sources of information
- Discussing various positions or issues to consider after disability
- Warm baths/magic bag/massage to reduce joint stiffness
- Exploring of options that do not cause pain
- Suggest stores that specialize in sexual activity
59
Adaptive approaches to sexual activity may include...
- Modification of technique
-Use of adaptive equipment
- Altering the task environment
60
If a client has low back pain and is experiencing difficulty in participation in sexual activity, what position might you suggest?
- Side lying
- Using pillows or supports to assist
61
Explain considerations of performing sexual activities with low endurance and fatigue.
- Cardiovascular changes
- Guidelines for resuming sex
- Planning for if symptoms arise during sex
- Sex may begin as a passive activity and gradually return to active
- Sexual may be considered at time a significant exercise
62
Chronic pain symptoms can create barriers to:
- Independence
- Role fulfillment
- Occupational participation
- Daily routines
- Physical activity
- Social identity
63
Name some possible pain specific assessments.
- Pain diary
- Visual analog scales
- Pain disability index
- Brief pain inventory
- COPM
64
Explain OTs' unique lens and intervention for pain management.
- Body mechanics, posture and ergonomics training.
- Energy conservation, pacing
- Joint protection
- Adaptive equipment
- Relaxation
- Biofeedback
- Splinting
- Scar management
- Edema management and compression
- Journaling
- Graded motor imagery programs (mirror therapy)
- Self-management programs
65
OT intervention for chronic pain syndromes focuses on...
helping people learn to manage pain to participate in desired occupations.
- Education
- Lifestyle modifications
- Pain reduction
- Activity adaptation
66
Explain the bio-psycho-social approach to chronic pain management.
Interrelated factors affect pain (physical, cognitive, psychosocial),
67
Lifestyle modification for management of chronic pain, may include...
- Sleep (mattress options, position of pillows)
- Stress and mood (activity modification and pacing, stress reduction, CBT, physical activity, meditation)
- Food intake and weight control (support healthy eating, collaborate with nutritionists)
- Body mechanics (proper positioning, education, practice)
68
What are physical agent modalities
Interventions and technologies that use force and energy to promote healing process and reduce pain (hot and cold packs, transcutaneous electrical nerve, biofeedback).
69
What are some commonly used physical agent modalities used in chronic pain?
- Hot and cold packs
- Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS)
- Biofeedback
70
Orthoses can be viewed as an intervention strategy (e.g., protection, mobilization) and an environmental adaptation, give an example of this type of adaptation.
A component of the individual's environment such as a wheelchair brake extender or an interface between the individual and the environment (e.g., binoculars holder)
71
When using orthoses as an intervention, there are three main types of orthosis options to choose from, what are they?
1. Custom: designed pattern/choice of thermoplastic
2. Pre-cut thermoplastic
3. Pre-formed or pre-fabricated orthosis (thermoplastic neoprene with rigid, semi-rigid, flexible support)
72
What are the four categories of basic types of orthosis?
1. Static
2. Serial static
3. Static progressive
4. Dynamic
73
Explain a static orthoses.
No moving parts - used to support, stabilize, protect and immobilize. Can be pre-fabricated or custom fabricated.
74
Explain serial static orthoses.
Used to lengthen tissues and regain passive ROM by placing tissues in a elongated position for prolonged periods.
75
Explain static progressive orthoses.
Use nondynamic (non-elastic) components such as velcro, hinges, screws, or turnbuckles, to create mobilizing force to ROM. Allows the client to make small incremental changes in joint position as the PROM of the stiff joint slowly gives way.
76
Explain dynamic orthoses.
Use moving parts to permit, control, or restore movement. Used to apply intermittent gentle force with goal of lengthening tissues to restore ROM.
77
For protection, support, positioning of the hand, decreasing pain and inflammation, preventing undesired motion, substitution for impaired muscle function, providing positive pressure over scar, and/or to maintain gains in ROM following exercise/surgery, what type of orthosis would you recommend.
Static, to immobilize or stabilize joints.
78
To immobilize or stabilize joints, what type of orthosis would you use?
Static
79
To mobilize stiff joints, what type of orthosis would you suggest?
Serial static.
80
To resolve muscle tendon tightness what type of orthosis may be beneficial?
Serial static.
81
To stretch skin and soft tissue scar, what type of orthosis would be the most beneficial?
Serial static.
82
To mobilize or provide distraction/traction to joints what type of orthosis should be used?
Dynamic.
83
To mobilize stiff joints, resolve muscle tendon tightness, mobilize tendon adhesions, stretch skin and soft tissue scar, and/or to provide assistive motion to reconstructed joint/tendons and musculature what type of orthosis should be used?
Dynamic.
84
The over-arching goal of orthoses is...
Patient's return to function.
85
What considerations guide orthosis selection?
Diagnosis may direct purpose of orthosis (physiological/biological impairments, healing), anatomic and physiological needs, holistic approach (therapeutic principles), psychosocial needs.
86
Explain the stress-strain curve (load-deformation curve)
The relationship between the amount of stress applied to the tissue(s) and the amount of deformation or strain that occurs as a result.
87
The longer a joint is positioned at its end range, the greater the gain in ____________________. Optimal deformation occurs with the application of low-load prolonged stress over a long period.
Passive range of motion.
88
Why does passive range increase when the joint is positioned at its end range for an extended period of time but the active range of motion does not?
When a joint is positioned at its end range for an extended period of time, such as during prolonged stretching or immobilization, the passive structures around the joint, including ligaments and joint capsules, may lengthen or become more compliant. This increased compliance allows the joint to move more easily through its range of motion when an external force is applied, resulting in an increase in PROM.
However, the active structures, including muscles and tendons, are not affected by prolonged stretching or immobilization to the same extent as passive structures. The active structures may not become stronger or more efficient in producing force, which can limit the amount of active movement available at the joint. As a result, the AROM may not increase to the same extent as the PROM.
89
Explain temperature benefits in deformation of a joint/tissues in relation to the stress-strain relationship.
Heating will increase elasticity of the joint or tissues allowing for load to be placed on the joint/tissues and deformation to occur.
Cooling, also known as cryotherapy, can enhance deformation of a joint or tissues by decreasing their stiffness and increasing their plasticity.
90
The amount of temporary vs. permanent change of a joint/tissue(s) depends on...
The temperature of this tissue at the time of deformation, duration of the applied load/stress, and the intensity of the applied load-stress.
91
In terms of properties of thermoplastics, the resistance to stretch refers to...
The amount that a material resists pulling or stretching.
92
In terms of properties of thermoplastics, maximum resistance refers to _____________________, and the minimum resistance refers to_____________________.
Maximum resistance: more control of the material, holds its shape and thickness while warm, can tolerate more aggressive handling.
Minimum resistance: more likely to become thin and lose its shape during the molding process, requires delicate handling, conforms to the bony part with less effort.
93
Conformability or drape works with _________.
Gravity
94
If a thermoplastic material will conform easily to a body part with minimal handling, it probably has good_______________.
Conformability or drape.
95
Memory is the ability of a material to return to its original shape with re-heating, explain high memory and low memory.
High memory: good for less experienced, more forgiving, inherent strength of material maintained
Low memory: modifications more difficult more thinning of material, less strength with each occurrence of re-heating
96
High rigidity orthosis material is very resistive to forces, and is useful to use for...
"hard end feel" contractures or spasticity.
97
High flexibility orthosis material bends easily but may break over time if a point where it "bends" acts like a _____________.
Fulcrum.
98
What tools may be used for edge finishing of orthoses.
Dry heat (heat gun) or hot water.
99
Explain self-sealing edges as it applies to orthoses material.
A material's ability to seal its edges as it is cut when warm minimizing the amount of edge finishing required.
100
Which orthoses material is more supportive, solid or perforated?
Solid material provides maximum support, perforated is used for slight ventilation and added comfort without compromising rigidity.
101
Conformability of a material increases along with rigidity, true or false?
False, as rigidity of a material increases, conformability of the material decreases.
102
A material that drapes easily is ideal for use with clients who experience...
pain or joint irritation (requiring gentle handling).
103
Checking the fit and educating the client on a custom orthosis is the most important aspect of this topic for the course, what are you checking for with the fit, and what are you educating on?
When checking the fit of a custom orthosis, we as OTs are checking that the client can complete what they need and want to do while wearing the orthosis. We are also checking to see if there is any pain or discomfort. We should check skin/circulation after the client has worn the orthosis for 20-30 minutes. When educating the client we are practicing how to safely donn/doff the orthosis, and providing written/verbal instruction on precautions and effectuve use/wearing of the orthosis.
104
Smooth edges are a necessary aspect of custom orthosis, why?
To prevent pressure points.
105
Why might padding be used with an orthosis?
Padding can enhance the wearing tolerance of the orthosis, and/or allow for extra space at design and moulding phases to contour over a bony prominence, avoiding additional pressure.
106
Prior to orthosis design and construction, the therapist should evaluate the following:
- Neurovascular status
- Mobility
- Motor function
- Edema
- Tone
- Cognition
107
From a biomedical (biological perspective), orthoses can be used as remediation or compensation. Remediation allows patients to restore...
Range of motion, strength and endurance.
108
From a rehabilitative perspective, compensation allows patients to ...
return to function despite their limitations.
109
Orthoses can be used as a ________________ approach as it can substitute for motor loss and/or lack of stability.
Compensatory
110
What are two things you can do as an OT to encourage patient adherence to orthosis use?
Incorporate patient's preferences in design, and incorporate aesthetics.
- Educate family members about orthosis.
- Educate patient on benefits.
- Educate about wear, care and hygiene.
- Make sure orthosis is good fit and comfortable.
- Offer options when possible.
- Create for easy donning/doffing.
-Collaborate with patient on wearing schedule.
111
When looking at the mechanical principles of orthoses, increasing the area of force application, causes an increase in _______________ due to a decrease in ______________________.
Increase in comfort due to decrease in pressure points.
112
In terms of mechanical principles of orthoses design, increasing the area of force application is important why?
To reduce/disperse pressure and increase comfort.
113
When using an orthosis to increase _________________, design it to generate the most efficient work, without impeding desired movement.
joint mobility
114
If the orthosis is being made for more than one finger, and each finger is requiring different levels of stretch, an individual orthosis should be made for each finger, true or false?
True
115
When aiming to increase mechanical advantage of thermoplastic, rounded internal corners increase orthosis ___________ by decreasing the effects of force on the thermoplastic.
durability
116
In relation to mechanical advantage of orthoses, we should ensure there are at least ____ points of fixation (if enough length of the levers being immobilized).
3
117
Pressure = ______________/________________
Total force / Area of force application
118
Considering biomechanical principles or orthoses, unequal forces on a joint can cause damage to the __________ and ____________ structures.
joint ligaments and periarticular structures.
119
Subcutaneous soft tissue is at a minimum over _____________, thus these areas are vulnerable to irritation and skin breakdown from external pressure.
bony prominences
120
Why are the arches of the hand clinically important for the creation of orthoses?
The arches combine stability and flexibility to adapt to various shapes during grasp. Arches are formed during the dynamic movements of muscles of the hand.
121
"_____________________" is typically appropriate position for immobilization of the hand.
"Intrinsic plus position" the MCP joints are positioned in flexion and the proximal interphalangeal (PIP) and distal interphalangeal (DIP) joints of the fingers are positioned in extension.
122
To optimize the effectiveness of a dynamic orthosis the rotational component is most desired and is optimally achieved by a _______ rotational angle of pull on the segment/lever being mobilized.
90 degree.
123
As the angle of pull moves away from 90 degrees in a dynamic orthosis, the full magnitude of the _____________ force is lost and increasingly greater _____________ forces are exerted as compression or distraction.
rotational force
translational forces
124
As the distance between the joint axis and the point of attachment of the dynamic assist increases, the amount of ____________ on the joint increases.
torque
125
Explain the difference between a job demands analysis (JDA) and a functional capacity evaluation (FCE).
A JDA is typically conducted to identify the physical, cognitive, and other demands of a specific job.
An FCE is used to evaluate an individual's ability to perform specific work related tasks.
126
How are JDA's and FCE's typically conducted?
A JDA is typically conducted through interviews, observations, and other assessments of job tasks.
An FCE is typically conducted through standardized tests and measurements of an individual's physical and functional abilities.
127
A JDA is typically conducted ____________________________________________________________(when?).
before an individual begins a job or task.
128
An FCE is typically conducted __________________________________________________________________(when?).
after an individual has sustained an injury or illness and is returning to work.
129
Individuals with lost use of one UE or one body side may have difficulty obtaining and opening supplies for bathing, washing all body parts, and...
maintaining stability and balance while bathing.
130
Why is it recommended for those with less stability and/or weakness to shower instead of bathe?
Because getting up and down from the tub floor is difficult and dangerous.
131
Stand step transfer involves ____________________ assistance.
Stand-by, min assist.
132
If the client is able to weight bear, but be unsteady or weak, what type of transfer is most appropriate.
Stand step transfer.
133
Stand pivot/slide transfer involves ______________ assistance.
Minimum-moderate.
134
A stand pivot/slide transfer is most appropriate for clients who...
Are able to weight bear through only one leg.
135
If a client is unable to completely weight bear and/or stand upright, what type of transfer is most appropriate?
Squat pivot.
136
A squat pivot transfer involves _______________ assistance.
Moderate to maximum.
137
If a client is unable to weight bear (LE amputations, SCI) what type of transfer is most appropriate?
Transfer board.
138
Forearm crutches are typically used more longer term than axillary crutches as they are lighter weight and more ergonomic, is this true or false?
True.
