Exam Flashcards
Can be decomposed by chemical means into simpler substances
Definite shape
Pure substances
Compounds
Two or more pure substances physically mixed not chemically combined
Mixture
-273.15° c or -459.67° f or 0°k
Absolute zero
Heat required to cause a unit rise in the temperature of a mass unit
Specific heat
Hard and have very high melting points
Bonded with a strong bond into one
Do not exist as independent molecules
Covalent network
Electrons using light
Hydrogen spectrum
The ability of chemically combined atoms to attract electrons to themselves
Predict weather the electron is ionic or covalent
Electronegativity
Energy required to remove an electron from an atom
Ionization energy
Pv = nrt
Ideal gas law
Positive and attracted to negative
Used with metals and nonmetals and transfer
Ionic
Sharing Bond N2 O2
Covalent
Normally bonds through metals it also has the delocalized electrons malleable ductile
Metallic
Volume and temperature
Directly proportional
Charles law
Volume and pressure
If the pressure goes up the volume goes down
P1 over V1 equals P2 over V2
Indirectly proportional example used with people in car
Boyles
keeps the heat within
Endothermic
Puts the heat without
Exothermic
Atoms will tend to react chemically so as to achieve a noble gas electron configuration either by losing or gaining electrons or by sharing electrons with other atoms
Octet rule
Unequal
Polar
Equal
Nonpolar
3.00 * 10 to the 8th m/s
Speed of light in a vacuum
Particles arranged in a regular and repeated three-dimensional pattern
Crystalline solid
Particles arrange randomly
Amorphous solid
The number of protons in a nucleus
Atomic number
Atoms of the same element that differ in their Mass numbers
Isotope
Energy of movement
Kinetic
Energy due to position
Potential
Simplest repeating units in a crystal
Unit cell
It is impossible to determine the momentum and position of an electron at the same time
Uncertainty principle
Measure of disorder in a system
Entropy
Shows only the simplest ratio of atoms in a compound
Empirical formula
Group 17 salt former
Halogens
Group 16 oxygen family
Chalogens
Group 18 filled valence electrons
Noble gases
Melts at low temperature easy to cut very reactive
Group 1
Alkali metals
High melting points malleable less reactive
Group 2
Alkali earth metals
AB = a + b
Decomposition
A + b = a b
Combination
A+BC = b + AC
Single displacement
AD+CD =AD + CB
Double displacement
Heat per unit Mass required to melt a substance
Heat of fusion
Application of the law of conservation of energy
Delta e equals heat Plus work
First law of thermodynamics
Entropy always increasing
Second law of thermodynamics
Light consists of photons
Quantum theory of light
Bundles or packets of energy
Photons
Limit of eight in the shell
Valence electrons
Ask the most electrons into a small space
Face-centered packing
Simple cubic along with two units cell arrangements
Body centered packing
Measures compactness of metal
Density
A bonding situation in which electrons are shared by more than two atoms
Delocalization
Sulfate
SO4
