Exam

Question 1

Dysmorphic RBC (cellular protrusions, fragmented)

Answer 1

Glomerular bleeding

Question 2

Hyposthenuric (Diluted): Swell and lyse→ leaving cell membrane only

Answer 2

Ghost cell

Question 3

Associated with damage to the glomerular membrane or vascular injury within genitourinary tract

Answer 3

RBC

Question 4

Hypotonic (absorbs water and swell) – granules exhibit Brownian movement → sparkling appearance called

Answer 4

“Glitter cells”

Question 5

Oval Fat bodies

Answer 5

Lipid-containing RTE cells

Question 6

bladder parasite (ova); bladder cancer

Answer 6

Schistosoma haematobium

Question 7

Glomerular damage (glomerulonephritis) is
associated with proteinuria and dysmorphic erythrocytes

Answer 7

RBC Casts

Question 8

Bacterial inflammation plus WBC

Answer 8

Pyelonephritis

Question 9

Fatty casts + Oval fat bodies + Free fat Droplets

Answer 9

Lipiduria

Question 10

Frequently associated with fatty casts

Answer 10

Nephrotic syndrome

Question 11

Fragmented with jagged ends and have notches on sides

Answer 11

Waxy Casts

Question 12

Monohydrate – oval or dumbbell shaped (Ethylene
Glycol “Antifreeze” Poisoning)

Answer 12

Calcium oxalate

Question 13

Dissolves at 60degC and convert into uric acid crystal when glacial acetic acid is added

Answer 13

Ammonium Biurate

Question 14

Most often encountered in: Old specimen (associated with ammonia produced by urea-spitting bacteria

Answer 14

Ammonium biurate

Question 15

can be seen in Nephrotic syndrome in conjunction with fatty casts and oval fat bodies

Answer 15

Cholesterol

Question 16

Appearance: Colorless to yellow-brown, needles, rhombics, whetstones, “SHEAVES of WHEAT” and rosettes Distinguished from: calcium phosphate

Answer 16

Sulfonamides

Question 17

Precipitation of antibiotics following massive dosage of this penicillin compound without adequate hydration

Answer 17

Ampicillin

Question 18

Seen in conjunction with: Leucine crystals and (+) chemical test for Bilirubin

Answer 18

Tyrosin

Question 19

SINGLE DEFECT IN PROXIMAL TUBULAR DYSFUNCTION Excessive REABSORPTION of CALCIUM

Answer 19

Hypocalciuric Familial Hypercalcemia

Question 20

SINGLE DEFECT IN PROXIMAL TUBULAR DYSFUNCTION

Answer 20

Gordon’s Syndrome

Question 21

SINGLE DEFECT IN PROXIMAL TUBULAR DYSFUNCTION

Answer 21

Pseudohypo parathyroidism

Question 22

DISTAL TUBULAR DYSFUNCTION Excessive reabsorption of SODIUM

Answer 22

Liddle’s Syndrome

Question 23

Renal Pelvis Alone

Answer 23

Pyelitis

Question 24

develops when permanent inflammation of renal tissue causes permanent scarring that involves the renal calyces and pelvis

Answer 24

Chronic Pyelonephritis

Question 25

CRF that progresses

Answer 25

END-STAGE RENAL DISEASE” / “END-STAGE KIDNEYS

Question 26

Test for PKU

Answer 26

Ferric Chloride Test

Question 27

a.k.a. “inborn errors of metabolism

Answer 27

Primary Aminoaciduria

Question 28

Due to: NEPHRONES (PTC) = UNABLE to REABSORBED AA (cysteine, dibasic AA e.g. arginine, lysine, ornithine)

Answer 28

Cystinuria

Question 29

Accumulation of branched-chain AA (leucine, isoleucine, valine) and their corresponding α-keto acids in BLOOD, URINE & CSF

Answer 29

Maple Syrup Urine Disease

Question 30

it is where the plasma filtered producing CSF.

Answer 30

Choroid Plexus

Question 31

Tube 4-1 culture and sensitivity

Answer 31

3

Question 32

Not yellow

Answer 32

Presence of Carotene (hypervitaminosis A)→orange discoloration

Question 33

Pellicle (web-like surface)

Answer 33

Tubercular meningitis (pellicle is present if the CSF is stored overnight in refrigerator)

Question 34

Distribution of blood is even in Intracranial Hemorrhage

Answer 34

True

Question 35

Erythrophages in Intracranial Hemorrhage

Answer 35

Positive:Hemosiderin and hematoidin crystals

Question 36

increase number of normal cells • Viral, tubercular, and Fungal meningitis

Answer 36

Pleocytosis

Question 37

Beta-globulins in csf only

Answer 37

Tau

Question 38

>30

Answer 38

Severe impairment

Question 39

Multiple sclerosis

Answer 39

o (+) anti-myelin sheath autoantibody o (+) oligoclonal band in CSF but not in serum o (+) Myelin Basic protein (MBP) – protein component of myelinsheath, monitors MS o Increased IgG index

Question 40

Cause of bacterial meningitis in Newborns, Adults, alcoholics, immunocompromised

Answer 40

Listeria monocytogenes

Question 41

Bacterial meningitis tes: limulus lysate test-______ of horseshoe crabs (Limulus polyhemus)

Answer 41

Blood: amoebocyte- lysate

Question 42

Happens when there is decrease in the fetal swallowing of the urine and neural tube defects

Answer 42

Polyhydramnios

Question 43

Increase in the normal volume of the amniotic fluid (more than 1200mL)

Answer 43

Polyhydramnios

Question 44

Creatinine is more reliable than glucose….

Answer 44

True

Question 45

Reagent in foam test

Answer 45

95% ethanol

Question 46

Presence of foam or bubbles with more than or equal to 0.47 mL means the fetal lung is mature

Answer 46

Presence of foam or bubbles with more than or equal to 0.47 mL means the fetal lung is mature

Question 47

fetal lung is mature

Answer 47

presence of phosphatidylglycerol

Question 48

Fecal fat

Answer 48

Steatorrhea

Question 49

blockage of the bile duct. Pale stools are also associated with diagnostic procedures that use barium sulfate.

Answer 49

Alcoholic stool

Question 50

based on detecting the pseudoperoxidase activity of hemoglobin

Answer 50

Guaiac-Based Fecal Occult Blood tests

Question 51

Cell viability can be determined by adding

Answer 51

Trypan blue

Question 52

An elevated CD4/CD8 indicates

Answer 52

sarcoidosis or connective tissue disorders.

Question 53

lipid-laden alveolar macrophages

Answer 53

Sudan III stain.

Question 54

staining may be useful in diagnosing pulmonary alveolar proteinosis or aspiration.

Answer 54

Periodic acid Schiff staining or Oil Red O