Exam Flashcards
Method of Agreement
Relevant factors in common are likely to be caused. (A method of agreement is a method of comparing instances of the same phenomenon in different circumstances.)
Method of Difference
Relevant factor present when a phenomenon occurs and absence when it is absent is likely to be caused. (The method of difference is a method of comparing an instance of a phenomenon with an instance in which this phenomenon does not occur but that has most context variables in common.)
Joint Method of Agreement and Difference
Relevant factors in common minus those that are present when the phenomenon is absent = likely caused.
Correlation.
The correlational method involves looking for relationships between variables. Ex p goes up, w goes down or p goes up, w also goes up.
The problem
General Answer to the problem (What treatments would be effective in prolonging the lives of certain kinds of cancer patients?)
The proposed hypothesis to address the problem
Make general answer more specific but still keep it hypothetical (Vitamin C could be effective in prolonging the lives of certain kinds of cancer patients.)
The prediction or consequences (the test implications) of the hypothesis
If the hypothesis is true, THEN….(IF the hypothesis is true [H], THEN cancer patients taking vitamin C should show increased survival times compared to cancer patients in a placebo group [I]. (if H then I).)
How the test was performed)
LONG PART TAKE YOUR TIME - tell what happened in the experiment
Whether the hypothesis was confirmed or disconfirmed by the test (accepted or rejected after re-evaluation in light of the results
The conclusion (There were no survival differences between patients receiving vitamin C and those receiving the placebo. Therefore there was no benefit from vitamin C)
Ethical Reasoning: Consequence
The aftermath or consequence of the reasoning.
Ethical Reasoning: Virtue
Virtue ethics is about being.
Ethical Reasoning: Duty
Duty ethics is about doing
