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Exam Flashcards

1
Q

Who was the first person to be credited with solving the first murder using fingerprints?

A

Juan Vucetich

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2
Q

T/F: Fingerprint analysis is a sub-discipline of forensic science?

A

True

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3
Q

“Anthropometry” is an identification system also known as what?

A

Bertillonage

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4
Q

Which professor at the University of Bologna, Italy published the results of his examination of friction skin with a newly invented microscope?

A

Marcello Malphigi

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5
Q

This person is known as the “Father of Canadian Fingerprinting”

A

Edward Foster

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6
Q

Which pioneer experimented with fingerprint persistence by fingerprinting himself over a period of 50 years?

A

Sir William J. Herschel

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7
Q

Who created a fingerprint classification system which was used until the development of AFIS?

A

Sir Edward Henry

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8
Q

Which pioneer studied monkeys and noticed a resemblance of their volar friction ridges to man’s?

A

Harris Hawthorne Wilder

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9
Q

Where are friction ridges found?

A

Palmer and plantar surfaces

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10
Q

What is forensic science?

A

Any science applied to to legal matters

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11
Q

What are the 3 main fingerprint patterns?

A

Loops, whorls, arches

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12
Q

Do identical twins have identical fingerprints?

A

No - nobody does

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13
Q

Which layer of skin is the epidermis?

A

Outer layer

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14
Q

How much of eccrine sweat is water?

A

99%

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15
Q

What is the deepest layer of cells next to the dermis?

A

Basal layer

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16
Q

What are the 3 layers of skin?

A

Epidermis, dermis, hypodermis

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17
Q

Which layer of skin is located between the epidermis and hypodermis?

A

Dermis

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18
Q

T/F: Volar skin lacks pigmentation and is usually lighter in colour than surrounding skin

A

True

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19
Q

T/F: Secondary ridges develop with primary ridges and like primary ridges, they develop sweat glands

A

False

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20
Q

Are wrinkles a durable morphological (permanent) feature?

A

No

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21
Q

When do the solar pads on the hands and feet begin developing?

A

Hands within 5th-6th week of gestation, feet about 2 weeks later

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22
Q

T/F: The size and location of volar pads does NOT influence the fingerprint pattern development

A

False

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23
Q

Friction ridges are made up of individual what?

A

Ridge units

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24
Q

Aplasia

A

A rare condition where there is an absence of ridges on the fingers or palms

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25
Q

What is the rare condition where there is an absence of ridges on the fingers or palms called?

A

Aplasia

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26
Q

At what week of gestation are friction ridges fully developed?

A

24-25 weeks

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27
Q

Bloody handprint on wall - what is the matrix?

A

Blood

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28
Q

What does AFIS stand for?

A

Automated Fingerprint Identification System

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29
Q

T/F: You must have at least 10 points or characteristics to make an identification?

A

False - no real number

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30
Q

What does ACE-V stand for?

A

Analysis, comparison, evaluation, verification

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31
Q

Latent Print

A

Not readily visible and requires some form of development

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32
Q

Which type of impression means that the print is not readily visible and requires some form of development?

A

Latent

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33
Q

Level 1

A

This level is used to eliminate sources only and cannot be used to make an identification

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34
Q

T/F: As a general rule, fingerprints may be found on any surface with sufficient size and surface continuity to disclose the necessary ridge characteristics in sequence.

A

True

35
Q

Which type of fingerprint brush causes the least amount of damage to an impression, while carrying the most amount of powder?

A

Fibreglass brush

36
Q

Why do we use fibreglass brushes?

A

They cause the least amount of damage while carrying the most amount of powder

37
Q

What light yields the best results when using fluorescent powders?

A

UV light

38
Q

T/F: There is a tendency to over powder when using a fibreglass brush.

A

True

39
Q

What is a problem with fibreglass brushes?

A

It holds a lot of powder so there is a tendency to overpowder

40
Q

What are the common colours used for granular powder?

A

Black, white, grey

41
Q

The “R #’ when identifying a fingerprint refers to what?

A

Reference number

42
Q

T/F: Drawing a sketch in your notes to show where a print was located is not recommended and is considered bad practice.

A

False

43
Q

T/F: All impressions located should be photographed first before attempting to lift.

A

True

44
Q

What types of photographs of impressions should be taken?

A

Overall, midrange, and close up

45
Q

Which is the most common and quickest method for lifting an found impression?

A

Lifting tape

46
Q

What is commonly used as a clean up brush>

A

Camel or squirrel hair brush

47
Q

T/F: When photographing a found impression, you should place a 20mm scale next to that impression.

A

True

48
Q

What should be written on the 20mm scale?

A

R number, badge number, case number, date, initials

49
Q

Using fingerprint tape, where should you place your lift?

A

On an acetate

50
Q

The four parts to identification methodology are known as what?

A

ACE-V

51
Q

Analysis

A

A systematic viewing of the print including general pattern, amount of detail visible, accidental features

52
Q

Substrate

A

The surface on which a print has been deposited

53
Q

T/F: Anatomical factors may assist in determining how an impression was deposited.

A

True

54
Q

Fingerprint powders and chemicals are examples of what?

A

Development mediums

55
Q

T/F: Pressure distortion happens on lateral or horizontal plane, usually accompanied by sideways sliding

A

True

56
Q

ALWAYS compare what to what?

A

Unknown to known

57
Q

The comparison stage is broken down into three levels. Which level can we expect to see relative pore locations?

A

Level 3

58
Q

During the evaluation stage, the examiner must evaluate the clarity of the impression and ascertain the ______ and ______ of the agreement before opinion is formed

A

Quantity and quality

59
Q

Verification

A

A form of peer review and is a part of most sciences

60
Q

Opinion of individualization is expressed in three basic terms. What are they?

A

Elimination, individualization, insufficient

61
Q

T/F: When forming an opinion regarding an impression that you’re NOT completely confident in identifying, you should just make an identification anyways

A

False

62
Q

T/F: When following proper scientific identification processes and procedures, false identification is virtually impossible

A

True

63
Q

Matrix

A

The substance deposited on the substrate by the friction skin or the substance that was on the substrate when the finger touched the item

64
Q

T/F: Anatomical factors may assist in determining how an impression was deposited.

A

True

65
Q

Using the GYRO system during the comparison stage, what colour is used when annotating a minutiae that was observed in the known impression first?

A

Orange

66
Q

T/F: If you have an image without a scale, you can use other points of reference that can be measured for calibration purposes

A

True

67
Q

T/F: If an impression is distorted, it is acceptable to use CSIpix to connect the dots (ridges).

A

False

68
Q

Depending on the image format, some images can be too large for CSIpix and will need to be reduced in size. This can be done by calibrating and _______ the image.

A

Resampling

69
Q

When using the annotation options in CSIpix, the ______ mode must be selected.

A

Draw

70
Q

T/F: An image may not be at the ideal angle so de-warping an image may be necessary.

A

True

71
Q

What colour is left view and what colour is right view on CSIpix?

A

Red highlight is left view, green highlight is right view

72
Q

What will CSIpix History feature do?

A

Track the enhancement and changes made to the images

73
Q

What is the most important thing you must do with your bench notes prior to starting your analysis?

A

Date

74
Q

How many visible friction ridges on the unknown impression have to be examined and compared to the known impression during the comparison stage?

A

All of them

75
Q

Identification

A

The opinion of an examiner that the two impressions originated from the same source

76
Q

T/F: When making a friction ridge analysis report, Including pictures of the “Unknown” and “Known” prints showing corresponding minutiae is best practice?

A

True

77
Q

T/F: In the “Conclusion” or “Opinion” portion of a FRAR, you should state that the print came from one person and everyone else can be excluded

A

False

78
Q

When using CSIpix to compare an unknown and known print, you should place the unknown print on what side?

A

Left

79
Q

First European to determine that fingerprints could be used to solve crimes

A

Henry Faulds

80
Q

A thief. He stole Faulds’ work. Defined the three main fingerprint patterns

A

Sir Francis Galton

81
Q

Helped Harris Hawthorne Wilder with his projects regarding friction skin in primates

A

Inez Whipple Wilder

82
Q

Developed the first scientific method of identification- developed Anthropometry or Bertillionage

A

Alphonse Bertillon

83
Q

Spent great deal of time studying dermatoglyphics - The study of ridge patterns of the skin

A

Harold Cummins

84
Q

Introduced the term “ridgeology” and Introduced the ACE-V methodology for fingerprint identification

A

Davis Ashbaugh

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