Exam Flashcards
1
Q
Minos
A
- King of Crete
- Wife: Pasiphae
- Children: Ariadne, Phaedra, Androgeus
- Poseidon gave him a majestic bull to sacrifice, but he did not
2
Q
Pasiphae
A
- Queen of Crete
- Husband: Minos
- Children: Ariadne, Phaedra, Androgeus
- Poseidon made her be attracted to the bull that Minos was supposed to sacrifice
- Asks Daedalus to construct a wooden bull for her to hide in
- Things happen, and she mothers the Minotaur
3
Q
Daedalus and the Minotaur
A
- Constructs the wooden bull for Pasiphae
- Constructs the Labyrinth to hold the Minotaur
- Tells Ariadne how to escape the Labyrinth, which helps Theseus defeat the Minotaur
4
Q
The Minotaur
A
- Parents: Pasiphae and Poseidon’s Bull
- Labyrinth is constructed to hold it when he grows up to be violent and uncontrollable
- When Androgeus is killed, Athens must send 7 boys and 7 girls each year to be devoured by the Minotaur
5
Q
Androgeus
A
- Parents: Minos and Pasiphae
- Very athletic, so he travels to Athens and defeats every contender in every contest
- Killed when Aegeus of Athens orders him to fight the Marathon Bull (same bull that fathered the Minotaur)
6
Q
Ariadne
A
- When Theseus volunteers to be sacrificed to the Minotaur, Ariadne sees him and falls in love
- Daedalus tells her how to escape the Labyrinth (follow a string through the maze basically)
- She kinda helps Theseus defeat the Minotaur by helping him navigate the maze
- She and Theseus leave Crete together, but he abandons her later because he is disgusted by her treachery towards her father
7
Q
Daedalus (Icarus)
A
- Minos blamed Daedalus for the birth of the Minotaur and its death, as well as the treachery of Ariadne
- Minos imprisoned Daedalus and Icarus in the Labyrinth and sealed all of its entrances
- Daedalus and Icarus escaped and made wings out of wax and feathers
- When Icarus died, Daedalus carried on to Sicily
8
Q
Icarus
A
- Father: Daedalus
- Trapped in the Labyrinth with Daedalus, and escaped with the wings of wax and feathers
- Flew too close to the sun, so the wax melted and he fell to his death
- Icarian Sea named after him
9
Q
Pirithous
A
- Friend of Theseus
- Both their wives died, so they look for new ones together
- Theseus takes Helen, but she is too young so she leaves her with his mother
- Pirithous wants to marry Persephone so he goes to the underworld with Theseus
- Hades asks them to sit for a meal and sticks them to the chairs
- Heracles rips Theseus off the chair, but Pirithous remains there
10
Q
Death of Theseus
A
- Returns home to find that Helen’s brothers have taken her home and kept Aethra (mother) as her servant
- Menetheus is the new king of Athens
- Theseus decides to go to Scyros, but Lycomedes (king) is jealous of his greatness
- He invites Theseus to the edge of a cliff to see the view and just pushes him off
- Very un-heroic death
11
Q
The Iliad
A
- Book about Troy written by Homer
12
Q
Peleus and Thetis
A
- Parents of Achilles
13
Q
Achilles
A
- Did a lot of stuff (I’m too lazy to write this card just remember it)
14
Q
Eris
A
- Goddess of strife and discord
- Not invited to the wedding of Peleus and Thetis
- Rolled an apple across the floor and said “may the most beautiful goddess take it”
- Athena, Hera, and Aphrodite claimed the apple, and Zeus told them to take it to Paris for an answer (he chose Aphrodite because she offered the most beautiful woman in the world)
15
Q
Priam and Hecabe
A
- Have many children, including Hector and Alexander (Paris)
16
Q
Hector
A
- Son of Priam and Hecabe
- Brother of Paris
17
Q
Paris (Alexander)
A
- Son of Priam and Hecabe
- They abandoned him on a hill when he was a child because Hecabe had a dream that she would give birth to a firebrand who would burn down the city
- Raised by a shepherd
- Had to choose between Athena, Hera, and Aphrodite because of the apple
- He chose Aphrodite and she granted him Helen
18
Q
Atreus
A
- He and Thyestes were twin brothers
- Thyestes had an affair with his wife Aerope, so Atreus killed Thyestes sons and fed them to Thyestes
- Thyestes had another son (Aegisthus) who eventually got revenge by killing Atreus
19
Q
Aegisthus
A
- Son of Thyestes
- Killed Atreus as revenge for killing Thyestes other sons
- Committed adultery with Clytemnestra
- Wanted to kill Agamemnon because of the actions of Atreus (killed his brothers)
20
Q
Agamemnon
A
- Son of Atreus
- King of Mycenae
- Married to Clytemnestra, sister of Helen
- Four children: Orestes, Iphigenia, Electra, and Chrysothemis
21
Q
Menelaus
A
- Son of Atreus
- King of Sparta
- Married to Helen
22
Q
Clytemnestra
A
- Husband: Agamemnon
- Sister: Helen
- Children: Orestes, Iphigenia, Electra, Chrysothemis
- Committed adultery with Aegisthus
- Wanted to kill Agamemnon because of their daughter (Iphigenia)
23
Q
Helen
A
- Married to Melelaus
- Paris takes her to Troy
24
Q
Orestes
A
- Parents: Agamemnon and Clytemnestra
- Avenges his father’s death when Clytemnestra kills him
- Chased by the furies for killing his mother
- Apollo provides sanctuary in his temple
25
Q
Iphigenia
A
- Parents: Agamemnon and Clytemnestra
- When Paris abducts Helen, Agamemnon gathers Greek forces
- Artemis (goddess of the hunt) is angry that Agamemnon is bringing so many Greeks to their deaths, so she blows the wind in the opposite direction than they need
- Agamemnon also angered her by killing a sacred stag and claiming that he was as good a hunter as her
- Agamemnon sacrifices Iphigenia so that the winds would reverse
26
Q
Achilles
A
- Parents: Peleus (sailed on the Argo) and Thetis (Goddess of water, sea nymph)
- Son: Neoptolemus (fought in the last year of the Trojan War)
- Greatest warrior of the Greeks
- Fought in the Trojan War
- Was invulnerable everywhere except his heel because his mom dipped him in the River Styx when he was a baby
27
Q
Troy
A
- Where the Trojan War was fought
28
Q
Cassandra
A
- Daughter of Priam
- Agamemnon took her as his prize from Troy
- She forsees their deaths
29
Q
Styx
A
- River that Achilles was dipped in as a baby to make him invulnerable/immortal
30
Q
Chiron
A
- Centaur
- Raised Achilles and Patroclus
31
Q
Protesilaus
A
- It was prophesized that the first Greek to land on Trojan soil would die
- Odysseus threw his shield and landed on it (technically not touching the soil)
- Protesilaus jumped out after him and landed on the soil
- Hector killed him in single combat
32
Q
Hector
A
- Greatest of the Trojan warriors
- Brother: Paris
- Wife: Andromache
- Son: Astynax
- Killed Protesilaus
- Hero’s friendship with Ajax after one-on-one combat
- When he kills Patroclus, Achilles kills him
33
Q
Ajax
A
- Father: Telamon
- Chosen randomly for one-on-one combat with Hector
- They battle throughout the day, then take a break close to nighttime to regard each other with a “hero’s friendship” (they basically just hype each other up and agree not to kill each other)
34
Q
Tenedos
A
- The island that the Greeks hid their ships behind
- Gave the appearance that they had sailed away from Troy
- Really they just hid there while the Trojan Horse was being taken into the walls of Troy (Odysseus’ idea)