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OPTICS > Exam > Flashcards

Exam Flashcards

0
Q

What are the types of frames?

A

PLASTIC
METAL
RIMLESS
COMBINATION

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1
Q

What should you look for on the frames?

A

Frame materials that will not shrink
Frame materials that shrink beyond
Repair when normal heat is applied
Frame materials that accept NO HEAT

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3
Q

What are the PLASTIC frame materials?

A 
Zylonite/Zyl (Cellulose Acetate) 
Carbon Fiber 
Nylon (Cellulose Acetate Propionate)
Optyl (Epoxy Resin) 
Polycarbonate 
Polyamide/Copolyamide
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4
Q

Whats a disadvantage of using Zylonite/Zyl?

A

They can combust itself when heating

Thts why we have Acetate instead of NITRATE (which is what was used before)

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5
Q

What is NYLON?

A

it is cellulose Acetate Propionate

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6
Q

what is Optyl made out of?

A

Epoxy Resin

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7
Q

What is ZYLONITE (ZYL)

A

Man made material
Produced from cotton plant substance cellulose
Stabilizers and Plasticizers added for stability
Either injection molded or block cut

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8
Q

what are the benefits of ZYL

A

light weight
Easily colored
It lends itself to unlimited designs

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9
Q

What are drawbacks of ZYL

A

less durable than metal

aging and sun exposure can slightly decrease its strength

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10
Q

Plasticizers?

A

they are the pitted area right around the frame, thts the plasticizers that is coming to the surface that has been used for stability, they are leaking toward teh surface of the frame causing discoloration

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11
Q

What is CARBON FIBER?

A

High tech material made of extremely thin carbon fibers twisted together in a crystal alignment

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12
Q

What are BENEFITS OF CARBON FIBER?

A 
Very light weight
Extremely Flexible
Strong and durable 
Has the strength of Metal Frames 
thin as metal frames
Resistant to scratching and marring
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13
Q

What are DRAWBACKS?

A

Can be expensive

INSERT LENSES COLD (no salt pan or air warmer )

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14
Q

WHAT IS NYLON?

A

form of cellulose acetate used for sports and performance sunwear

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15
Q

What are the BENEFITS OF NYLON

A

Ideal for wrap around shapes
can be made thinner vs zyl
HYPOALLERGENIC

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16
Q

which one is HYPOALLERGENIC?

A

NYLON

  • why?
  • because it cause any create or cause allergies, it is good for pts that are good for NICKEL ALLERGIES, ASTHMA,
  • Pts with skin conditions such as cerrosis, ECZEMA DERMATITIS, DANDRUFF, dry skin
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17
Q

What are DRAWBACKS OF NYLON?

A

you have to use hot water to heat it up

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18
Q

What is OPTYL AKA EPOXY RESIN

A

WIEGHTS 30% less than Zyl and HYPOALLERGENIC

it will not shrink

it has memory

Frame maintains adjustment until reheated

it will not burn or blister from overheating

you will not see a wire that is running in the frame

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19
Q

What are the features of POLYCARBONATE?

A
  • Used PRIMARY ON SPORTS AND SAFETY
  • Frames are not adjustable
  • they usually have elastic straps and rubber bridge pieces for wearing comfort
  • Do not use acetone on frame it will MELT THE LENSES
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20
Q

What are the features of POLYAMIDE/COPOLYAMIDE

A

A combination of nylons/plasticizers with reduced weight and great flexiblity
HYPOALLERGENIC
Lenses MUST BE COLD INSERTED
Avoid salt pans and heat will shrink frame

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21
Q

which frames are HYPOALLERGENIC?

A

1) NYLON
2) OPTYL
3) POLYAMIDE / CO-POLYAMIDE

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22
Q

which frames are cold inserted?

A

Polyamide

Carbon fiber

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23
Q

what are the types of METAL FRAME MATERIALS?

A

1) Titanium
2) Metal alloys
3) Stainless steel
4) Aluminum
5) Memory metal

24
Q

What is Titanium?

A

High performance, pure metal

used in high end frames

25
Q

What are the BENEFITS of Titanium?

A

ULTRA LIGHT
STRONG (1/2 the weight and 2x strong)
Corrosion resistant (20x)
HYPOALLERGERNIC

26
Q

What are Drawbacks of TITANIUM?

A

expensive

27
Q

What are other uses for Titanium?

A

industrial/ aerospace and recreational markets

28
Q

What are METAL ALLOYS?

A

they are blend of metal materials
MONEL is widely used = blend of metal which is a mixture
TICRAL
BETA titantium

29
Q

what is TICRAL?

A

Titanium, copper and Chrome

30
Q

What is beta titanium?

A

Titanium, iron, chomium, cobalt, NICKEL

31
Q

What are BENEFITS OF METAL ALLOYS

A 
They are often corrosion-resistant
-Nickel free (TICRAL)
- Strong
Light weight
More afforadable than pure titanium
32
Q

What are the other uses of METAL ALLOYS?

A

used in aircraf construction and valve pistons in trumpets and tubas and french horns

33
Q

What is stainless steel?

A

steel and chromium blend widely used in frame manufacturing

34
Q

What are benefits of stainless steel?

A 
LIGHT WEIGHT
HYPOALLERGENIC
Corrosion resistant
Springy effect
Good FOR TEMPLES
35
Q

what are DRAWBACKS of STAINLESS STELL?

A

while corrosion ressitant IT IS NOT STAIN PROOF

36
Q

What are features of ALUMINUM?

A

the most abudant earth metal, a great light weight option for frames

37
Q

What are benefits of ALUMINIUM?

A

They are lightweight
HIGHLY corrosion resistant and SOFT
100% recyclable

38
Q

What are the drawbacks of Aluminium?

A

They can bend and is slightly less durable than other metals

and they will pick up whatever the temperature around them

39
Q

what are the features of memory Metal?

A

They are shape memory alloys that back to their original shape, even when went bent

40
Q

What are the common alloys?

A

nickel/titanium
and
copper/aluminum/nickel

41
Q

Industry example of memory metal?

A

Flexon and Safilo;s flex o light

42
Q

what are the benefits of memory metal?

A

Remembers their original shape even with pts that are rough with their frames
- THEY ARE GOOD FOR KIDS, since they are tough on frames

43
Q

whats the drawback on memory metal?

A

they are hard to adjust, it remembers its original shape

- They are more expensive than metal alloys

44
Q

What are GREENER FRAME MATERIALS?

A

The push toward non-petroleum plastics

1) soy corn - Mazzuccheli’s M49 Bioplastic
2) Zeal’s Z Resin (Castor bean)

45
Q

What are the RECYLED AND SUSTAINABLE?

A

Modo’s Eco
Drift Eyewear and iwood (eco wood)S
Amy Sachs Line (Bamboo)
Studio Swine Hair Glasses (human hair)

46
Q

What are combination Frames?

A

ZYL tops on a metal chassis

  • Made from 2 different materials, typically plastic and metal
  • Plastic top with metal Chasity
47
Q

Why is CORROSION RESISTANT IMPT?

A

Facial prespiration can be corrosive with some pts

Inside surface of metal temples often eaten away by perspiration

In addition to eroding the frame, corrosion often causes rashes or worse on the pts skin

48
Q

What can you do for corriosion? CLINICAL PEARL?

A

coat the eorded frame with clear nail polish and let dry

Will portect the skin until the new frame arrives

49
Q

what is NICKEL ALLERGY?

A

when you see a red crusy mark when the pts take off their glasses

the oils and prespiration from the skin has eaten away the top surface of the metal and now it is eating away to the base metal which is NICKEL

itchy rash that you get due to NICKEL ALLERGY

50
Q

why is hypoallergenic impt with plastic frames?

A

Same reasons as metal frames
Metal frames are corrosion resistant
conventional ZYL materials contain plastisizers that leach out of frame for years
- many people are allergic to plastisizers, complain of rashes or itching at contanct poitns

51
Q

What are the 3 basic types of rimless mountings?

A

1) conventional screw type
2) Suspension Type
3) Drill mounting type

52
Q

What are the features of CONVENTIONAL SCREW MOUNTINGS?

A

Screws drilled through the lenses
Glass lenses cant be used since drilling thorugh glass will effect its impact resistant
With all rimless frames limit to low RXs

53
Q

What are examples of these types of lenses?

A

Trivex or polycarbonate for RIMLESS FRAMES

54
Q

What are suspension mountings?

A

The lenses are SUSPENDED in the frame using a nylon line

Notice how a low minus lens must have a EDGE THICKER to accommodate a line

plus lsenses are much better

55
Q

what type of lenses would you use for drill mounting?

A

plastic mounting brackets are used in place of screwed to mount the lens in the frame
instead of using screwed

56
Q

What is the advantage of having Salt as a heating resource

A

It is cheap

57
Q

What is the disadvatntnge of having salt?

A

it does not heat throughout the frame as consistently and itw create hot spots

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