Exam

Question 1

People who go sky diving weekly continue to seek higher adrenalin-producing activities due to habituation. This is an example of _____ theory.

Answer 1

Opponent process

Question 2

Ignoring the attention-getting behaviour of hyperactive children can be helpful tool to classroom teachers because often the frequency of the misbehaviour will decrease and even stop. This is an example of _____.

Answer 2

extinction

Question 3

Emily is expecting a text to confirm she got the BTS ticket within 24 hours after placing a booking. When her phone buzzes, she overreacts by quickly and clumsily reaching for her phone. This is an example of ____.

Answer 3

sensitisation

Question 4

I no longer notice the clock ticking. This is an example of _____.

Answer 4

habituation

Question 5

I recently watched Cyberpunk and it had a really sad ending. So, when I hear the ending song months later, it makes me feel sad. This is an example of _____.

Answer 5

Spontaneous recovery

Question 6

Whenever the laundry machine finishes, Drazic rushes to the veranda door to go outside. He does this because the machine’s sound has become a conditioned stimulus and going to the door has become a conditioned response. This is an example of ______.

Answer 6

classical conditioning

Question 7

Hasan has a phobia of birds. He goes through _____ which involves learning to relax with birds around.

Answer 7

systematic desensitisation

Question 8

I almost fell off a cliff by standing on a non-flat surface. So now whenever I go hiking, I avoid standing on non-flat surfaces. This is an example of _____.

Answer 8

biopreparedness

Question 9

I received treatment at the hospital to get better but instead, I felt worst. Now every time I see a hospital, I feel queasy. This is an example of _____.

Answer 9

high-order conditioning

Question 10

I got complimented for my makeup and it made me feel great. So now I always put on makeup to get complimented. This happens because of _____.

Answer 10

law of effect

Question 11

When I was young, I made sure to do what my parents told me so I don’t get yelled at and instead get acceptance for my obedience. Which types of conditioning did my parents use?

Answer 11

operant conditioning

Question 12

Jay and I had a fight and I approached him first to talk about and patch up any issues before the situation escalate into a breakup. This is an example of which type of operant conditioning?

Answer 12

avoidance conditioning

Question 13

Due to my social anxiety, I have been avoiding socialising and thus I have poor social skills. This is a result of _____.

Answer 13

avoidance conditioning.

Question 14

I disliked the uncomfortable tension between Jay and me after having a fight. So, I broke the uncomfortable tension by apologising first. This is an example of which operant conditioning?

Answer 14

Escape conditioning

Question 15

The neighbour baby talking to her grandchild is annoying so I put in earphones to drown her out. This is an example of which operant conditioning?

Answer 15

escape conditioning

Question 16

Every time I am on my period I have to take period pills and use a heating pad to help with the cramps. The pills and pad act as _____.

Answer 16

negative reinforcers

Question 17

Swearing while playing games with friends is okay but not in front of my conservative parents. The people are a _____.

Answer 17

discriminative conditioned stimuli

Question 18

In public, I notice when my phone rings but I don’t notice other people’s phones going off. What has occurred here?

Answer 18

stimulus discrimination

Question 19

Hasan got attacked by a crow so now when he sees a bird, he gets scared, thinking they all attack him too. Hasan participated in _____.

Answer 19

stimulus generalisation

Question 20

When training Luffy to sit, I gave him a treat for sitting with my help (pushing his bum down). I rewarded him again when he partial sat (sitting but not on the ground). Then I rewarded him only when he completely sat on the ground by himself. Which operant behaviour did I display?

Answer 20

shaping

Question 21

I gave Luffy a treat, followed by saying, good boy. The treat is a ______ and ‘good boy’ is a _____.

Answer 21

primary reinforcer, secondary reinforcer

Question 22

I was asked to do a commission for a friend in return for $100. The money is a _____.

Answer 22

secondary reinforcer

Question 23

Every time I put money in the vending machine, I get the item I want. This is an example of _____ schedule.

Answer 23

continuous reinforcement

Question 24

A vending machine operates on a _____ schedule.

Answer 24

partial reinforcement

Question 25

Whenever I answer 10 correct questions, I reward myself with a treat. This is on a _____ schedule.

Answer 25

fixed-ratio reinforcement

Question 26

Sometime in the future, I will be rewarded for the hard work I am doing right now. This on a _______ schedule.

Answer 26

variable-ratio reinforcement

Question 27

Every fortnight Jay gets paid for working as a teacher. This is on a _____ schedule.

Answer 27

fixed-interval reinforcement

Question 28

Genshin gatcha operates on a ______ schedule, as I will get rewarded with a five star character after an uncertain number of pulls.

Answer 28

variable-interval reinforcement

Question 29

I use to do everything really fast since I use to get yelled at by my parents for taking too long (a couple of minutes) to find them the things they needed. My reaction was conditioned through _____.

Answer 29

punishment

Question 30

After walking around Melbourne CBD for a week I developed a cognitive map of the city which I used in conjunction with insight to find a cafe I had never been to before. This was possible through _____.

Answer 30

latent learning

Question 31

I watched the people walk across the icy path and learned that I should walk slowly and towards the right. I learnt this through _____.

Answer 31

vicarious experience

Question 32

I told jay about what I did at home while he was at work. This is an example of _____.

Answer 32

episodic memory

Question 33

At chatime it is important to have good _____ to be able to make all of the teas.

Answer 33

procedural memory

Question 34

By making flash cards, I am partaking in _____.

Answer 34

elaborative rehearsal

Question 35

I did well on the multiple choice question exam because I did a practice exam in the same format. I took advantage of the _____ model of memory.

Answer 35

transfer-appropriate processing

Question 36

I overheard a conversation and one of them said ‘weeb’ which activated many of my memories simultaneously: anime, otaku, cosplay, anime convention. Which neural network models of memory is this an example of?

Answer 36

parallel distributed processing model.

Question 37

As I turn my head slowly to the left, I see a smooth transition since the visual information of each frame is held in the sensory register. Which type of sensory register is being used?

Answer 37

iconic memory

Question 38

when I repeat a word over and over, I am partaking in maintenance to keep in my ____ memory.

Answer 38

short-term

Question 39

What are the two components of working memory?

Answer 39

maintenance and manipulation

Question 40

How many items can a person hold in their short term memory?

Answer 40

5-9

Question 41

How long does information stay in short term memory?

Answer 41

up to 18 seconds

Question 42

I remember my childhood with my grandmother as a comforting and warm time of my life. This is an example of a ____ memory.

Answer 42

semantic

Question 43

I don’t remember my password but after making 5 failed attempts, I was given a hint and then I remembered what the password was. This is an example of which types of retrieval cue _____?

Answer 43

encoding specificity principle

Question 44

I perform better on exams when I use my iMac and I’m sitting at my desk (a place I study) than doing it on Jay’s laptop at the dining table (a place I have not used to study). This is due to which type of retrieval cue _____?

Answer 44

context-specific memory

Question 45

I performed well on my exam after drinking coffee because when I study, I drink coffee beforehand (feeling more awake). This is an example of which types of retrieval cue _____?

Answer 45

state-dependent memory

Question 46

I was asked by a child, “what is a dog?”, and then the concepts of ‘animal’, ‘mammal’, ‘pet’ was activated, and then spreading activation from one concept to another met somewhere along the path and I was able to come up with an answer. This supports the _____ memory network.

Answer 46

semantic

Question 47

I stopped studying the brain’s anatomy for a year and now I don’t remember anything. This is due to the ____ theory.

Answer 47

decay

Question 48

I have been playing Genshin for a couple of days and decided to play Zelda today but I forgot the controls for Zelda. This is due to which type of interference?

Answer 48

retroactive inhibition

Question 49

I am trying to learn the controls for animal royal but my experience playing with Genshin’s controls is making it hard for me to learn the new controls. This is due to which type of interference?

Answer 49

proactive inhibition

Question 50

After finishing an assignment (first draft), I plan to send it to studiocity for review and then in a couple of days, I will fix up my assignment and submit it a day before the due date. This is an example of which type of memory?

Answer 50

prospective memory

Question 51

Victor got into a car crash and cannot remember anything from before the accident. Victor has _____.

Answer 51

retrograde amnesia

Question 52

Lahiru got into a car accident and can’t form new memories. He has _____.

Answer 52

anterograde amnesia

Question 53

Usually people get amnesia from an accident but Anna has amnesia without being in an accident. This means she has ______.

Answer 53

transient global amnesia

Question 54

Peter has chronic alcoholism which has damaged his brain to not be able to consume glucose as fuel which has results in _____.

Answer 54

korsakoff’s psychosis

Question 55

A damaged thalamus results in anterograde amnesia and retrograde amnesia. This supports the ______.

Answer 55

multiple memory systems model

Question 56

I thought smoking was cool and I picked up smoking. Smoking is an example of a _____ for being cool.

Answer 56

prototype

Question 57

A magpie is a _____ of a bird because it possess most of the characteristics that define a bird.

Answer 57

prototype

Question 58

When I walk into a cafe, I have a good idea of what to do: (1) line up, (2) check the menu while in line, (3) place an order, (4) find a table, (5) wait for my order, (6) consume, (7) leave. Which example of mental representation is this?

Answer 58

scripts

Question 59

If it takes me 1 hours to create 30 flash cards then in 3 hours I should be able to make 90 flash cards. This is an example of using ______.

Answer 59

formal reasoning

Question 60

People who study hard will do well on the exam. I have been studying hard so I will do well on the exam. This is an example of _____.

Answer 60

deductive reasoning

Question 61

All of the red shoes are sold out. I hypothesise it is due to the colour red being very attention-grabbing. This is an example of using _____.

Answer 61

inductive reasoning

Question 62

There are enough Asians with black hair so lets say that all Asians have black hair. This is an example of using ______.

Answer 62

informal reasoning

Question 63

I buy phone cases from Casetify because I constantly and only see phone case ads from them. This is an example of which type of heuristic?

Answer 63

availability heuristic

Question 64

Jay is not good at solving new problems due to his _____, where old patterns of problem-solving seem to persist.

Answer 64

mental set

Question 65

I need to clean the fan but I cannot reach it so I need a ladder which is designed to reach high places. However, I could have used a chair to fulfil the same job. This is due to which type of heuristic?

Answer 65

functional fixedness

Question 66

In order to be creative, I must have intelligence. It requires _____, which is coming up with multiple solutions for one problem and _____, which is applying logic to narrow down to a solution.

Answer 66

divergent thinking, convergent thinking

Question 67

what are the stages of language? (3)

Answer 67

babbling, one-word stage, grammar

Question 68

what are the basic components of language?

Answer 68

symbols and grammar

Question 69

the rules that govern the formation of sentence is called _____.

Answer 69

syntax

Question 70

How many phonemes does swimming have?

Answer 70

6

Question 71

how many morphemes does swimming have?

Answer 71

2

Question 72

Jay used _____ intelligence to solve a problem he has never encountered before.

Answer 72

fluid

Question 73

Hasan is really good at trivial games which is a reflection of his _____ intelligence.

Answer 73

crystallised

Question 74

Jay does not practice playing the piano anymore but when given the chance to play, he is still able to read the note sheets and play well. This is evidence of Jay’s _____ intelligence.

Answer 74

crystallised

Question 75

I am currently studying for a psychology exam which measures my ______.

Answer 75

analytical intelligence

Question 76

Ben can play multiple instruments and he is a music teacher which means he has _____ intelligence.

Answer 76

creative

Question 77

During a zombie apocalypse, I believe I would not be able to survive for long because I have poor _____ intelligence.

Answer 77

practical intelligence

Question 78

what is the triarchic theory of intelligence comprised of?

Answer 78

creative intelligence, analytical intelligence and practical intelligence

Question 79

Brayden has good ____ intelligence as he can perceive, use, and understand his own emotions and the emotions of others.

Answer 79

emotional

Question 80

what are the five abilities that are tested by the Stanford-Binet intelligence test?

Answer 80

fluid reasoning, knowledge, quantitative reasoning, visual-spatial processing, and working memory

Question 81

How is IQ calculated?

Answer 81

(mental age/actual age)x100

Question 82

Jay took a test to measure his ability to be a good teacher. He test measured his _____.

Answer 82

aptitude

Question 83

The otis-lennon mental abilities test was designed for the army to measure their _____.

Answer 83

aptitude

Question 84

The wonderlic personnel test is used during interviews to measure one’s _____.

Answer 84

aptitude

Question 85

To find out which job in the labour force is best suited for me, I did the ______.

Answer 85

General aptitude test battery

Question 86

I conducted a scientific study three times and they all produced the same results. Therefore, my results are statistically ______.

Answer 86

reliable

Question 87

My research results are statistically ____ since the results have been interpreted and used correctly.

Answer 87

valid

Question 88

what are the types of statistical validity? (2)

Answer 88

content validity and criterion validity

Question 89

The GPA meets the _____ validity as the results of the test predict how well the individual will do as a doctor.

Answer 89

criterion

Question 90

Exams at Swinburne have high _____ validity since all of the semester’s contents are tested equally.

Answer 90

content

Question 91

Stereotypically, women make better office assistants, so Jim (a man) who is aware of the stereotype is at risk of conforming to the stereotype. This is evidence of _____.

Answer 91

stereotype threat

Question 92

test scores can be affected by _____. (3)

Answer 92

anxiety, health and language difficulties

Question 93

According to Spearman, there are two types of intelligence: _____ and _____.

Answer 93

general intelligence and special intelligence

Question 94

General intelligence is measured by tests and consist of two types of intelligence: ____ and _____ intelligence.

Answer 94

fluid and crystallised

Question 95

Jay has specific skills and knowledge about maple story so he has _____ ability.

Answer 95

specific

Question 96

What are the characteristics of specific ability? (3)

Answer 96

(1) it is learnt
(2) varies from person to person
(3) associated with aptitude

Question 97

What are the characteristics of general intelligence? (5)

Answer 97

(1) it is something you’re born with
(2) varies from person to person
(3) common in all life activities
(4) responsible for life success
(5) measured by quantitative tests

Question 98

Trevor has ____ because he has difficulty understanding what is reading.

Answer 98

dyslexia

Question 99

I believe Emily has ____ because she has difficulty understanding spoken words or recalling them.

Answer 99

dysphasia

Question 100

Jim has ____ because he has problems with writing.

Answer 100

dysgraphia

Question 101

Jay teaches a student who has ____ because they have difficulty with arithmetic.

Answer 101

dyscalculia

Question 102

According to Gardener there are seven measures of multiple intelligence:_______.

Answer 102

(1) linguistic
(2) spatial
(3) musical
(4) body-kinesthetic
(5) intrapersonal
(6) interpersonal
(7) naturalistic

Question 103

I am self-aware of myself, my abilities, my personality etc. which means I meet Gardener’s _____ measure of multiple intelligence.

Answer 103

intrapersonal

Question 104

I am aware of other’s characteristics and emotions, which means I meet Gardener’s _____ measure of multiple intelligence.

Answer 104

interpersonal

Question 105

Environmental scientist are able to see patterns in nature which means they meet Gardener’s ______ measure of multiple intelligence.

Answer 105

naturalistic

Question 106

What are the five stages of information-processing system?

Answer 106

(1) sensory processing
(2) perception
(3) decision making
(4) response selection
(5) response execution

Question 107

Anna’s dad is a psychologist and he hypothesis that people will perform better on a task when they are able to mobilise and distribute their attention more readily. He takes an ______ approach to intelligence.

Answer 107

information-processing

Question 108

What does cognitive psychology not focus on? (2)

Answer 108

intelligence and personality

Question 109

Amber is a psychologist that studies human communication, thinking and language and how we modify the information we receive from our environment. She is a _____ psychologist.

Answer 109

cognitive

Question 110

What are the five main functions of circle of thought

Answer 110

(1) describe
(2) elaborate
(3) decide
(4) plan
(5) guide action

Question 111

thinking is defined as the manipulation of ______.

Answer 111

mental representations

Question 112

I took apart a ballpoint pen and put it back together in the same order. The pen is certain to work. Which approach to problem-solving is this?

Answer 112

algorithm

Question 112

A man walked into a shop wearing dressed in all black with a cape and displayed his fangs to me. Due _______ heuristic, he must be a vampire

Answer 112

representativeness

Question 113

It is hard for me to change my first impression of Anna due to the ______ heuristic.

Answer 113

anchoring

Question 114

Home is an example of a ______ concept because it has no fixed set of defining features but has a set of typical features.

Answer 114

natural of abstract

Question 115

Categories of objects, events and ideas that have common properties define ____.

Answer 115

concept

Question 116

A baby has categorised what is food and what is a toy. The body has learned for form _____.

Answer 116

concepts

Question 117

The Chinese lady cut to the front of the line because she is so hungry that she cannot wait. She operates on a ______ principle.

Answer 117

pleasure

Question 118

The hungry Chinese lady decided to not cut in line and compromised to wait since it is the socially correct thing to do. She operated on a _____ principle.

Answer 118

reality

Question 119

I don’t remember many things from my childhood since I used ____ as a defence mechanism.

Answer 119

repression

Question 120

My parents often used ______ as a defence mechanism to hit me when I got questions on a test wrong

Answer 120

rationalisation

Question 121

Rebecca does not recognise that she hates Jill but instead thinks Jill hates her. This false belief is due to using ____ as a defence mechanism.

Answer 121

projection

Question 122

I believe my boss hates Sam because he has feelings for her when he shouldn’t because she is married. He is using _____ as a defence mechanism.

Answer 122

reaction formation

Question 123

Jay works out a lot because he is sexually frustrated. He is using ______ as a defence mechanism.

Answer 123

sublimation

Question 124

I was angry at Jay but instead of directing my anger to him, I directed my anger to games since the consequences are less. I used ____ as a defence mechanism.

Answer 124

displacement

Question 125

Chris used _____ as a defence mechanism to not spiral into depression by not acknowledging his failures.

Answer 125

denial

Question 126

Chris used _____ as a defence mechanism by acting all confident and arrogant.

Answer 126

compensation

Question 127

What are the four stages of psychosexual development?

Answer 127

(1) oral
(2) anal
(3) phallic
(4) genital

Question 128

According to Freud, Sam displays childlike dependence as an adult because during the ____ of his development he was weaned from his mother’s milk too late.

Answer 128

oral stage

Question 129

According to Freud, Sam is now going through the _____ of development which involves toilet training.

Answer 129

anal stage

Question 130

According to Freud, Sam is going through the _____ of development which means he is experiencing sexual desires.

Answer 130

phallic stage

Question 131

Sam has developed _____ which means he experiences sexual desires for his mother and a desire to get rid of his father.

Answer 131

oedipal complex

Question 132

Sam’s sister during the phallic stage of development had a _____. which means she was overly attached to her mother but after realising that her brother has a penis she got jealous and became attached to her father.

Answer 132

electra complex

Question 133

Sam has entered adolescence which means he is in the ____ of development.

Answer 133

genital stage

Question 134

According to Allport there are two components of a person’s personality:______.

Answer 134

central traits and secondary traits

Question 135

Brayden is a chill person who is down for a good time. This is a _____ trait as it is obvious to see and is consistent in all situations.

Answer 135

central

Question 136

Anna is outgoing and bubbling in a group social setting but when she has coffee with only one other friend, she is calm and collected. Here she displays ____traits.

Answer 136

secondary

Question 137

According to Allport, how many traits can describe a person’s personality?

Answer 137

7

Question 138

According to Eysenck’s biological trait theory, what explains the variation in characteristics between people?

Answer 138

nervous system

Question 139

Kim is always looking for something exciting which means her nervous system is ___ its optimal arousal level

Answer 139

below

Question 140

Sam is reserved and quite person that prefers reading a book alone at the library. Her nervous system must be _____ its optimal arousal level.

Answer 140

above

Question 141

What are the two components of Eysenck’s biological trait theory?

Answer 141

(1) introversion-extroversion
(2)emotionlity-stability

Question 142

The right prefrontal cortex and serotonin are involved when the ______ is activated. It affects how sensitive people react to punishment.

Answer 142

behavioural inhibition system

Question 143

Gray’s reinforcement sensitivity theory is a ____ approach.

Answer 143

trait

Question 144

Gray’s reinforcement sensitivity theory have two components: _____.

Answer 144

behavioural inhibition system and behavioural approach system

Question 145

The left prefrontal cortex and dopamine are involved when the ______ is activated by pleasure. It affect people’s sensitivity towards rewards.

Answer 145

behavioural approach system

Question 145

The left prefrontal cortex and dopamine are involved when the ______ is activated by pleasure. It affect people’s sensitivity towards rewards.

Answer 145

behavioural approach system

Question 146

Every time I got a reward, my parents rewarded me with whatever I wanted which motivated me to continue doing well in school. My parents reward acted as a _______.

Answer 146

positive reinforcer

Question 147

Jay went into his St Kevin interview with confidence because he knew he would land the job after practising and preparing. He has _____.

Answer 147

self efficacy

Question 148

Introverted people will often choose places that are quiet to hang out in. This is according to Bandura and _______ of social cognitive approach.

Answer 148

reciprocal determination

Question 149

I hang out with friends who are similar to me which in turn reinforces my personality. This is according to _______.

Answer 149

reciprocal determinism

Question 150

Sam believes that personality reflects learnt patterns of thinking and behaviour. Sam follows a ____ approach to personality.

Answer 150

social-cognitive

Question 151

If i study hard, I will get HDs which means I will qualify to get into the Honours course to be able to then do my Masters to become a psychologist. I follow _______ theory of personality.

Answer 151

rotter’s expectancy

Question 152

Victor believes he got the job due to his own hard work. His belief is controlled by ____ forces.

Answer 152

internal

Question 153

Rebecca believes she got the job purely out of luck. Her belief is driven by ____forces.

Answer 153

external

Question 154

According to Mischel’s cognitive-affective theory, the important cognitive variables are:_____.

Answer 154

(1) encoding of the world
(2) expectations
(3) emotions
(4) goals and values
(5) goal planning and execution

Question 155

Jill believes that everyone’s views are different and our behaviour is driven by fulfilling a goal. she follows a _____ approach to personality.

Answer 155

humanistic

Question 156

Our behaviour is controlled by the innate tendency to strive towards growth and improvement. This is called ______.

Answer 156

actualising tendency

Question 157

I believe the way I do around my parents such as listening to their needs, being patient and behaving appropriately because I believe it gets the love I need from them. I believe those are my _____ with my parents.

Answer 157

conditions of worth

Question 158

When I play genshin with Brayden (who is behind on chest hunting), I notice he displays ____ motivation since he wants to collect all of the chests in his world but is not excited to help me (who has most of the chest collected).

Answer 158

deficiency

Question 159

According to Maslow’s growth theory, people are controlled by ______ motivation.

Answer 159

deficiency

Question 160

Jay is happy with what he already has and feels fulfilment. What Jay is going through is what _____ theory describes as how people experience peak experiences through growth motivation.

Answer 160

maslow’s growth theory

Question 161

Maslow’s growth theory is a _____ approach to personality.

Answer 161

humanistic

Question 162

According to ______, Ben only misbehaves in Hasan’s class because Hasan has either rewarded his behaviour or has not punished his behaviour.

Answer 162

functional analysis

Question 163

Thematic apperception test which is used to measure the need for achievement is a _____ personality measure.

Answer 163

projective

Question 164

Sam was teased about her hairstyle by a stranger so now she thinks she has a bad sense of style. The stranger’s words affected her _____.

Answer 164

self concept

Question 165

NEO-PI-R widely used by employers is a _____ personality measure.

Answer 165

non-projective

Question 166

According to Freud there are three principles of the unconscious mental process: _______.

Answer 166

id, ego, and superego

Question 167

The hungry Chinese lady who cut in line took action based on the ____ principle.

Answer 167

id

Question 167

The hungry Chinese lady not cutting in line and waiting in line because she would feel guilty about breaking social standards operates on a ______ principle.

Answer 167

superego

Question 168

The hunger Chinese thought about what she should do while waiting in line. She is operating on a ____ principle

Answer 168

ego

Question 169

Due to my _____ memory, I find studying about learning is easier than when I first studied the content.

Answer 169

implicit

Question 170

When people go on tangents because a certain word reminded them of something else, it is due to _____ memory.

Answer 170

implicit

Question 171

Using flash cards to study is using _____ memory since I’m forced to recall the content I have learnt.

Answer 171

explicit

Question 172

understanding grammar, phonemes, symbols etc is part of the _____ processing of language.

Answer 172

bottom up

Question 173

Reading a book requires more than bottom-up processing of language, ____ processing of language is necessary too. By understanding schemas, concepts and background knowledge we can then make sense of what we are reading, the semantics of the sentence.

Answer 173

top up

Question 174

I broke up my main goal of being a psychologist into smaller goals where each goal brings me closer to the main goal. This process is called _____.

Answer 174

decomposition

Question 175

It is important for everyone in the family to display ____ towards Emily so she feels encouraged to do well and not feel discouraged by failure.

Answer 175

positive regard

Question 176

personality is defined as the ______.

Answer 176

the unique pattern of enduring thoughts, feelings and actions that characterises a person.

Question 177

Sam has issues trusting her boyfriend because she was neglected by her parents when she was a child. This is evidence of the _____ approach to personality.

Answer 177

objective relations

Question 178

maintenance rehearsal and elaborative rehearsal are approaches to the _______ model of memory.

Answer 178

levels-of-processing

Question 179

What does the big five personality model consist of?

Answer 179

Ocean
Conscientiousness
Extraversion
Agreeableness
Neuroticism

Question 180

Dave is a _____ psychologist since he investigates how behaviours appear and how they change overtime; why people are the way they are.

Answer 180

developmental

Question 181

According to ______, genes affect behaviour: nurture and nature operate together to make people similar in some aspects and make people unique in other aspects.

Answer 181

behavioural genetics

Question 182

What are the three stages of prenatal development?

Answer 182

(1) germinal stage
(2) embryonic stage
(3) foetal stage

Question 183

What happens to an infant when the mother drinks alcohol during her pregnancy?

Answer 183

foetal alcohol syndrome

Question 184

what are the characteristics of foetal alcohol syndrome?

Answer 184

(1) malformations of the face
(2) intellectual disability
(3) behavioural and emotional problems

Question 185

Amber gave birth to an underweight infant with respiratory problems. What did she do during pregnancy that has caused this?

Answer 185

smoking

Question 186

During the last 6 months of pregnancy, what are the 3 risks a mother should avoid to reduce the risk of the infant developing behavioural and psychological issues?

Answer 186

(1) stress
(2) flu
(3) depression

Question 187

mother’smothers face the same size no matter how far or close it is

Answer 187

size constancy

Question 188

At ______, Jackie is expected to be able to categories objects by shapes.

Answer 188

4 months old

Question 189

By _____, Jackie has a perception of objects.

Answer 189

7 months old

Question 190

During the _____ stage of development, Jackie has difficulty grasping onto objects and clumsily sucks onto her mother’s nipples.

Answer 190

newborn

Question 191

Jackie is developing an identity, which means she is the _____ stage of development.

Answer 191

adolescence

Question 192

Jackie was not given the appropriate attachment during the first year of her life and now has behavioural and emotional issues. This is evidence of the _____ theory.

Answer 192

attachment

Question 193

Jessica’s mother does not praise her, is sympathetic, constantly tries to control her behaviours and doesn’t give her any form of independence. Her mother is most likely a _____ parent.

Answer 193

authoritarian parent

Question 194

John’s father is affectionate and allows him to come home from parties whenever he likes. John’s father is a _____ parent.

Answer 194

permissive

Question 195

Emily’s father allows her to go to parties on Friday but has to be home by 9 pm because it’s dangerous for her to be coming home late at night. Emily’s father is a ______ parent

Answer 195

authoritative

Question 196

Sam’s mother is never home and only cares about her time and about making money for herself. Sam’s mother is a ______ parent.

Answer 196

uninvolved

Question 197

Jimmy took Lilly’s flower hair pin. Lilly, instead of crying and attacking Jimmy to give it back. She kindly asks for him to return it, expressing how that makes her feel sad. Lilly has good ______ which is an important social skill to have.

Answer 197

self-regulation

Question 198

Despite Sam having an uninvolved parent, and living in harsh conditions, she does not have behavioural or emotional issues as an adult. This means she has high ______.

Answer 198

resilience

Question 199

The ____ of the brain is in charge of flexible thinking, organisation, planning, and appropriate attention distribution.

Answer 199

prefrontal cortex

Question 200

Jeramy’s son really want the toy car but cannot afford it. His friends tell him to steal it but Jeramy cannot bring himself to do it because stealing means he will go to jail. According to Kohlberg’s stages of moral reasoning, Jeramy is most likely at the _____ stage of moral reasoning.

Answer 200

preconventional

Question 201

Jeramy steals the toy car because it will make his son happy. According to Kohlberg’s stages of moral reasoning, Jeramy is most likely at the _______ stage of moral reasoning.

Answer 201

conventional

Question 202

Jeramy steals the toy because his son should be able to have an equal chance of receiving happiness like other kids. According to Kohlberg’s stages of moral reasoning Jeramy is most likely at the ____ stage of moral reasoning.

Answer 202

postconventional

Question 203

Emily just finished high school and can now drink alcohol. Which stage of adulthood is she at?

Answer 203

emerging (18-25)

Question 204

Emily has finished university and has started growing her own family. Which stage of adulthood is she at?

Answer 204

early (20-39)

Question 205

Emily is going through menopause and has concerns about producing something that may benefit the future generation (generativity). Which stage of adulthood is she at?

Answer 205

middle (40-64)

Question 206

Emily has become more inward-looking, reflecting on her past and at times has cognitive difficulties. Which stage of adulthood is she at?

Answer 206

late (65+)

Question 207

Miki cries every time her brother hides his face with a pillow thinking he has disappeared. According to Piaget’s theory of cognitive development, Miki is in the ______ stage and has not developed _______.

Answer 207

sensorimotor, object permanence

Question 208

Tom cannot form schema of objects he has not seen. According to Piaget’s theory of cognitive development, he is in the ______ stage.

Answer 208

sensorimotor (0-2)

Question 209

Miki is now able to think in images and symbols but cannot recognise that pouring 250ml from a short cup to a tall, skinny cup has the same amount of water. According to Piaget’s theory of cognitive development, Miki is in the _____ stage and has not developed _______.

Answer 209

preoperational (2-7), conservation

Question 210

Miki is now able to form logical statements and can think about two concepts simultaneously. She can also form schemas which means she is in the _____ stage of Piaget’s theory of cognitive development.

Answer 210

concrete operational (7-11)

Question 211

The ____ stage of Piaget’s theory of cognitive development is marked by having the ability to engage in abstract, hypothetical thinking.

Answer 211

formal operational (11+)

Question 212

Miki trusts her parents but does trust strangers to be able to give her a bottle of milk when she cries. According to Erikson’s stages of psychological development, she is in the ______ stage.

Answer 212

first year

Question 213

Miki has entered the ______ stage of Erikson’s stages of psychological development which means she is learning that she can do things by herself such as feeding herself without feeling doubt.

Answer 213

second year

Question 214

Miki has entered the ______ stage of Erikson’s stage of psychological development which means she is planning activities and playing with her friends without feeling guilt.

Answer 214

third to fifth year

Question 215

Miki has entered the ______ stage of Erikson’s stage of psychological development which means it is important for parents and teacher to encourage her yearning to learn and compliment her on her achievements to make her feel component if not she will feel inferior.

Answer 215

6th (puberty)

Question 216

Miki has entered the _____ stage of Erikson’s stages of psychological development which means she is trying to form a personal identity but because she is Chinese-born and raised in Australia, she has trouble forming her ethnic identity.

Answer 216

adolescence

Question 217

Jay and I are in the ______ stage of Erikson’s stages of psychological development as we have been able to commit to our relationship.

Answer 217

early adulthood

Question 218

You can tell someone has entered ____ stage of Erikson’s stages of psychological development if they either care about bringing good to the future or are self-centred and inactive in life.

Answer 218

middle age

Question 219

Jim is in ____ stage of Erikson’s stages of psychological development since he is in despair and regret about his past.

Answer 219

old age

Question 220

Jackies is a ______ psychologist since she explores the effects of the social world on the behaviour and mental process of people.

Answer 220

social

Question 221

Emily does not like rude people but one day she was told that she can be rude at times. She realises that her attitude towards rude people and her behaviour are inconsistent so she makes an effort to be mindful of what she does and says to be less rude. This is evidence of the _____ theory.

Answer 221

cognitive dissonance

Question 222

I used to bike a lot because I liked biking but for the past 3 years, I have not biked which means I must not like biking anymore. This attitude towards biking is evidence of the _____ theory.

Answer 222

self-perception

Question 223

My mum believes that praying to buddha when one is scared will make that feeling disappear. Praying gives her comfort and so she prays whenever she is scared. Which part is the cognitive component?

Answer 223

The belief that the scared feeling will go away

Question 224

My mum believes that praying to buddha when one is scared will make that feeling disappear. Praying gives her comfort and so she prays whenever she is scared. Which part is the affective component?

Answer 224

Her feelings towards praying

Question 225

My mum believes that praying to buddha when one is scared will make that feeling disappear. Praying gives her comfort and so she prays whenever she is scared. Which part is the behavioural component?

Answer 225

actually praying when she is scared

Question 226

Emily signed up for health insurance that was promoted by V (a BTS member). She used the _____ route of the elaborative likelihood model.

Answer 226

peripheral

Question 227

Dad sign up to give away his organs when he dies. He based his decision on information he received by organ donor organisations. He used the _____ route of the elaborative likelihood model.

Answer 227

central

Question 228

I used ____ to evaluate how I am doing as a student by comparing myself with other students.

Answer 228

social comparison

Question 229

According to the ____ of my country, it is expected to line up to buy a movie ticket.

Answer 229

social norms

Question 230

It only feels right to give everyone a birthday gift since they also got me a birthday gift. I am displaying _______.

Answer 230

reciprocity

Question 231

Jay displays _____ when everyone gets together to organise a party, he outs in the bare minimum.

Answer 231

social loafing

Question 232

Anna displays ______ since she always puts in more effort when she is a part of organising a party with the group.

Answer 232

social striving

Question 233

There is no sign saying its a smoke zone or not but there a number of people standing there smoking which means it should be acceptable to smoke there too. According Cialdini, this is called _____ norms.

Answer 233

descriptive

Question 234

It is punishable by law to chew gum in Singapore, so no one chews gum. According to Cialdini, this is called _____ norms.

Answer 234

injunctive

Question 235

Miki’s friends were laughing at a girl because they found her outfit ugly. While Miki did not find the outfit ugly she still joined in and laughed along side her friends.This is evidence of ______.

Answer 235

conformity

Question 236

a church leader told his followers to die on the 5th at 12am and all of his followers displayed ______ by sacrificing themselves.

Answer 236

compliance

Question 237

Asking someone for a favour is an _____ request.

Answer 237

explicit

Question 238

Emily broke up with her boyfriend and she is sad. Jay was about to comfort her but you knowing that she didn’t need another person giving her empty words of comfort, you looked at Jay in a way to convey “don’t, please just leave her alone”. This is an example of an _____ request.

Answer 238

implicit

Question 239

Getting people to agree to pay a small fee to use an app and then requesting a larger sum to use a certain feature of the app would improve the user experience. This utilises the ______ technique.

Answer 239

foot-in-the-door

Question 240

Victor asked Jay to borrow $1000 but it was too much for him. Victor then asked to borrow $500 instead which is a lot less than the initial request. Due to reciprocity, Jay let him borrow $500. Victor used the ______ technique.

Answer 240

door-in-the-face

Question 241

Car dealers often use the ______ technique to get us to pay a higher price for a car by getting us to verbally agree to the price and then increase the price later.

Answer 241

low-ball

Question 242

John, an Australian man thinks the success of an aboriginal man was due to luck but when the man fails, it was due to him being lazy and incompetent. But when an Australian man succeeds, it was due to hard work and dedication, but if he fails then it was due to unlucky and uncontrollable circumstances. John’s reasoning demonstrates: ______.

Answer 242

ultimate attribution error

Question 243

When it comes to health-related promotion, doctors and scientists have high ______ power.

Answer 243

expert

Question 244

The president of the United States of America has ______ power to tell us to stay indoors during Covid.

Answer 244

legitimate

Question 245

damage to the limbic system (amygdala and hypothalamus) may produce ______, which is being aggressive towards something that is not threatening or having low aggression towards something that usually results in aggression.

Answer 245

defensive aggression

Question 246

Jill is really hungry and tired from work. Jill’s husband complained to her about her lack of doing chores. Jill became aggressive towards her husband. This is evidence of the _______ theory.

Answer 246

aversively stimulated aggression

Question 246

Jill is really hungry and tired from work. Jill’s husband complained to her about her lack of doing chores. Jill became aggressive towards her husband. This is evidence of the _______ theory.

Answer 246

aversively stimulated aggression

Question 247

The aversively stimulated aggression follows the _____ theory.

Answer 247

excitation transfer theory

Question 248

My mum helped me clean the place I’m currently living at when I first moved in. Her helping me was an act of ______ behaviour.

Answer 248

prosocial

Question 249

Jimmy saw a little girl in the middle of the street with no parent in sight. Jimmy felt uncomfortable about what she saw and she had nothing else to and so she decided to the girl find her parents. This act of helping is evidence of the ______ theory.

Answer 249

arousal cost-reward theory

Question 250

Rebecca just lost her grandfather, El feel empathic towards her since she lost her grandfather not long ago. El offers to comfort Rebecca and help her heal with the pain of lost. El’s behaviour is evidence of the ______ theory.

Answer 250

empathy-altruism helping theory

Question 251

Due the ______, people become unwilling to help an injured person when it is in a crowded environment.

Answer 251

bystander effect

Question 252

When I worked at chatime, I performed the best because I always thought that someone was watching me. My behaviour was due to social _______.

Answer 252

facilitation

Question 253

Sam cannot draw well when other people are watching her. Her behaviour is due to social ______.

Answer 253

interference

Question 254

Kim provides close supervision, leads by directives and does not allow group discussion. Which type of leader is she?

Answer 254

task-oriented leader

Question 255

Jim provides loose supervision, ask the team for their opinions and is concerned about their feelings. Which type of leader is he?

Answer 255

relationship-oriented leader

Question 256

Tom rewards his employees that follow his instructions but punishes those who do not. Which type of leader is he?

Answer 256

transactional leader

Question 257

Ben does not focus on rewards, instead, he motivates and inspires his team to work towards a goal. Which type of leader is he?

Answer 257

transformational leader

Question 258

The astronauts did not realise it was a bad idea to send dogs into space. However, Jim did find it bad but because everyone else thought it was a good idea, he did not bring it up. This displays the issue of _____.

Answer 258

group think

Question 259

Melbourne went through an awful drought a decade ago and if everyone did not follow the protocols to reduce water usage, the entire state would not have enough water to go around. This addresses _____.

Answer 259

social dilemma

Question 260

According to _____ conflict, there are good reasons to cooperate and good reasons to compete.

Answer 260

mixed-motive

Question 261

Emily thinks mum is standing in her way of living the life she wants. Mum thinks otherwise. Therefore, there is ____ between Emily and mum.

Answer 261

conflict

Question 262

Becca and Jeramy cannot agree on which religion to teach their child. They are having ______.

Answer 262

interpersonal conflict

Question 263

Miki is not willing to give up her toy for John. This conflict is an example of ______.

Answer 263

zero-sum game

Question 264

Australia is a ____ society since there are many cultures and ethnicities that coexist together but practice their own cultures.

Answer 264

pluralist

Question 265

My grandmother taught my mum about her culture and then mum taught it to. This process is called ______.

Answer 265

enculturation

Question 266

What are the six components of the model white racial identity development?

Answer 266

(1) contact
(2) disintegration
(3) reintegration
(4) pseudo-independence
(5) immersion and emersion
(6) autonomy

Question 267

According the model white racial identity development, being ignorant to the importance of race and being blind to other racial groups is part of the _____ component.

Answer 267

contact

Question 268

According the model white racial identity development, acknowledging ‘whiteness’ and having aware of racial moral dilemmas is part of the ______ component.

Answer 268

disintegration

Question 269

According the model white racial identity development, having displayed anger and hostility towards people of colour is part of the ______ component.

Answer 269

reintegration

Question 270

According the model white racial identity development, having white-guilt which is a belief that racism is only perpetrated by ‘bad whites’ is part of the ____ component.

Answer 270

pseudo-independence

Question 271

According the model white racial identity development, searching to define and abandon personal racism and define a non-racist white identity is classified as _____.

Answer 271

immersion and emersion

Question 272

According the model white racial identity development, having racial humanism, able to internally define non-racist identity and value of racial diversity is classified as _____.

Answer 272

autonomy

Question 273

what are the key 5 dimensions of Hofstede’s dimensions of culture?

Answer 273

(1) individualism and collectivism
(2) power distance
(3) uncertainty avoidance
(4) masculinity and femininity
(5) long and short-term orientation

Question 274

Power distance is defined as ______.

Answer 274

the amount of ‘distance’ in wealth and power people are willing to accept from others

Question 275

Uncertainty avoidance is define as _____.

Answer 275

the degree to which people are willing to cope with uncertainty

Question 276

A culture that has a high tolerance of deviant behaviour and weak social norms is a _____ culture.

Answer 276

loose

Question 277

A culture that has a low tolerance of deviant behaviour and high social norms is considered a _____ culture.

Answer 277

tight

Question 278

Sometimes I think Americans practice _____ since it appears that they view the world only through the lens of their American culture.

Answer 278

ethnocentrism

Question 279

Sam believes all Chinese people are at fault for COVID-19, and hence displays anger towards them through social discrimination. Which part is the cognitive component of prejudice?

Answer 279

his belief that all Chinese people are at fault

Question 280

Sam believes all Chinese people are at fault for COVID-19, and hence displays anger towards them through social discrimination. Which part is the affect component of prejudice?

Answer 280

him displaying his anger towards them

Question 281

Sam believes all Chinese people are at fault for COVID-19, and hence displays anger towards them through social discrimination. Which part is the behavioural component of prejudice?

Answer 281

the social discrimination

Question 282

Sam treats Chinese people differently than people from his own culture. He is displaying _____.

Answer 282

social discrimination

Question 283

Josh, an English man lived and studied in Korea for 2 years and adopted parts of the Korean culture while maintaining other parts of his English culture. This process is called _______.

Answer 283

acculturation

Question 284

Rin has gone through _____ since he has embraced Australia’s culture and rejected her birth culture.

Answer 284

cultural assimilation

Question 285

A lot of Vietnamese people in Footscray practice _____ as they continue to practice their birth culture and ignoring the Australian culture.

Answer 285

segregation

Question 286

I have gone through _____ by adopting parts of the Korean culture but still having a strong connection with my Vietnamese culture since the two are similar.

Answer 286

integration

Question 287

The aboriginal people are often experience _____. Being viewed as insignificant and rejected from society

Answer 287

marginalisation

Question 288

Tim believes he did poorly on the exam because of external force such as having to deal with a family loss but view other people’s failure due to them being lazy or dumb. This is called the _____ effect.

Answer 288

actor-observer

Question 289

Victor believes that some people are either extroverted or introvert. While, Hasan believes people have varying degrees of extroversion and introversion. Victor supports ____ and Hasan supports ______.

Answer 289

types, traits

Question 290

What are the 3 qualitative basic personality types?

Answer 290

(1) resilient
(2) over controllers
(3) under controllers

Question 291

My and Jays thoughts, emotions and behaviour affect each other. We are _____.

Answer 291

interdependent

Question 292

What are the two types of love?

Answer 292

(1) compassionate
(2) passionate

Question 293

Peter and Jill just started dating. They have an intense, arousing, physical attraction with a deep emotional attachment. They are in a ______ love.

Answer 293

passionate

Question 294

Jay’s parents are in a _____ love which is less arousing but more psychologically intimate and they care about each other’s welfare.

Answer 294

compassionate

Question 295

According to Sternberg’s triangular theory about love, the ______ love is the most complete type of love. The love includes a high level of arousal and psychological intimacy.

Answer 295

consummate

Question 296

Teachers employ the _____ technique to encourage children from different cultures to intermingle.

Answer 296

jigsaw

Question 297

What are the 6 core values for ethical conduct in research relating to aborignals?

Answer 297

(1) Responsibility
(2) reciprocity
(3) respect
(4) equity
(5) cultural community
(6) spirit and integrity

Question 298

when working with aboriginals it is important to engage in a ______ practice.

Answer 298

decolonising

Question 299

1788-1890 marks what for the aboriginal community?

Answer 299

invasion and colonisation

Question 300

1890s-1950s marks what for the aboriginal community?

Answer 300

protection and segregation

Question 301

1940s-1950s marks what for the aboriginal community?

Answer 301

assimilation

Question 302

1967-1970s marks what for the Aboriginal community?

Answer 302

integration, self-determination and self-management

Question 303

1991-present marks what for the aboriginal community?

Answer 303

reconciliation

Question 304

The information-processing approach views cognitive change as ______.

Answer 304

continuous

Question 305

______ is the gradual decrease in attention to a stimulus after repeated presentations.

Answer 305

habituation

Question 306

______ is when you start to focus more on the new stimulus than the old one.

Answer 306

dishabituation

Question 307

Bayley-III (scales of infant development) asses development from age ____ months to ____ years.

Answer 307

3, 3.5

Question 308

the three main scales of Bayley-III:

Answer 308

cognitive scale, language scale and motor scale

Question 309

At ___ months old, infants are able to coo (pre-verbal and gurgling sounds).

Answer 309

2

Question 310

between ___ and ____ months old, infants start babbling

Answer 310

4,10

Question 311

between __ and __ months old, infants can now perform gestures

Answer 311

8, 10

Question 312

between ___ and ___, infants can now comprehend words and simple sentences

Answer 312

10-12

Question 313

at ___ months, infants have spoken their first word

Answer 313

12

Question 314

infant-directed speech is “____ talk”.

Answer 314

baby

Question 315

______ includes characteristics such as activity level, soothability, emotionality and sociability.

Answer 315

temperament

Question 316

lily, an infant is generally positive, adapts well to new situations and generally moderate in emotional reactions. She is a(an) ______ baby.

Answer 316

easy

Question 317

James, an infant does not adapt well to new situations and mood are intensely negative more frequently than other babies. He is a(an) _______ baby.

Answer 317

difficult

Question 318

Jiji, an infant is low in activity level, reacts negatively to new situations and has fewer positive or negative emotional extremes than other babies. She is a(an) ______ baby.

Answer 318

slow-to-warm-up

Question 319

________ is a concept where children develop best when there is a good fit between the temperament of the child and the environmental demands.

Answer 319

goodness-of-fit

Question 320

the 3 primary emotions in early weeks of life are:

Answer 320

distress, interest and pleasure

Question 321

When Lola was taken back to the nursery after her mother had fed her, she started crying when she heard several of the other neonates crying. This is an example of ________.

Answer 321

emotional contagion

Question 322

____ occurs in the laboratory setting when parents are instructed to interact with their infant without showing any signs of emotion:

Answer 322

still-face paradigm