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ICC Nash SS22 > exam > Flashcards

exam Flashcards

1
Q

culture definition

A

Culture is a system of beliefs, values, and assumptions about life that guide behavior and are shared by a group of people.

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2
Q

types of culture

A
  • team culture
  • student culture
  • music culture
  • industry culture
  • department/function culture
  • regional culture
  • corporate culture
  • national culture
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3
Q

iceberg model - visible parts

A
  • music
  • rituals
  • art
  • fashion
  • food
  • language
  • architecture
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4
Q

iceberg model - invisible things

A
  • norms
  • beliefs
  • values
  • knowledge
    ( - language)
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5
Q

definition of stereotype

A

… a wildly held but fixed and oversimplified image/idea of a particular type of person or thing (positive or negative)

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6
Q

definition of prejudice

A

preconceived opinion that is either based on reason or actual experience (positive or negative)

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7
Q

Hofstede´s culturel dimensions (1973))

A
  • Low/ High power distance
  • Low/ High uncertainty avoidance
  • Individualism/ Collectivism
  • Masculinity / Femininity
  • Long-/ Short-term orientation
  • Indulgence / Restraint
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8
Q

Hofstede - Low/ High power distance

A

relationship with authorities -> are people in positions with authority the same or superior to their subordinates?

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9
Q

Hofstede - Low/ High uncertainty avoidance

A

comfort with ambiguity -> do you need few/ many rules to avoid (constrain uncertainty?

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10
Q

Hofstede - Individualism/ Collectivism

A

individual/ group interests generally take precedence over group/ individual interests

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11
Q

Hofstede - Masculinity/ Femininity

A

value of possessions, money and pursuit of a personal goal (ambition, assertiveness, competitiveness, materialism, seeking wealth
vs value of social relevance, quality of life(work-life balance) and welfare of others ( feelings, relationships, well-being)

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12
Q

Long/ Short term orientation

A

future orientation -> will to give up immediate gratification for futures purposes, values dedication and hard work
past and present orientation -> values traditions and social obligations

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13
Q

Indulgence / Restraint

A

Indulgence stands for free gratification of basic and natural human drives related to enjoying life and having fun.
Restraint stands for a society that suppresses gratification of needs and regulates it by means of strict social norms

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14
Q

Critisism of Hofstede

A
  • old data
  • one company ( +less variables/ differences between the people, - a limited amount of perspectives)
  • analyses the country, not the culture ( doesn’t account for multiculturism within a country and differences within a culture)
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15
Q

Dimensions of Trompenaars Theory of relationship orientation

A
  • Universalism v particularism (rules vs relationships)
  • Individualism v collectivism
  • Neutral v emotional
  • Specific v diffuse (separation between work and private life)
  • Achievement v ascription (status from achievement or birth/connections)
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16
Q

Trompenaar - Universalism / Particularism

A

rules apply equally to everyone vs rules change based on the person who is involved

17
Q

Trompenaar - Individualism / Collectivism

A

focus on
individual achievement & independence
vs
group achievement and welfare

18
Q

Trompenaar- Specific / Diffuse

A

personal life isn’t / is separated from your work
Diffuse -> you spend time outside of work with your colleagues / clients
work roles are specific/ diffuse -> a CEO can´t/ can have another work role at the same time

19
Q

Trompenaar - Neutral / Emotional

A

hide / show emotions

20
Q

Trompenaar - Achievement / Ascription

A

respect and status earned because of your accomplishments/ you inherited it or have the right connections

21
Q

Trompenaar - Sequential / Synchronous time

A

doing one/ multiple things at the same time

22
Q

Trompenaar - Internal/ External control

A

we control our environment and are self-determined/ the environment controls us and we are influenceable

23
Q

Reasons why our culture is dynamic:

A
  • catastrophic events, population shifts/ migration, cultural exchange
  • technology, changing values, resource shortages (-> impact on our values and way of thinking)
24
Q

culture´s impact on an individual

A

it defines how

  • we identify (see ourselves)
  • we see others
  • we relate to others
  • we live (work and play)
  • it affects our values, what we consider right and wrong
  • influences/ affects our choices, and in turn, through our choices, we influence others around us, consequently shaping our society/ culture

culture is reciprocal - culture shapes individual and the individual shapes the culture

25
Q

Push and Pull of culture

A

culture´s ideals formed through personal/shared context
Individual degree of acceptance/ rejection determines how much we act in accordance with or against societal expectstion
=> comfort level depends on how much you identify with your culture

26
Q

Factors influencing cultural identity

A
  • Personal contextual Factors (background, history, experiences, genetics, education, life transitions)
  • *Isms (racism, sexism, homophobia, classism, heterosexism, religious intolerance)
  • Cultural Dimensions (ethnicity, ability, gender, gender identity, age, sexual orientation, social class, religion/ spirituality)
  • Systematic Factors (historical, sociocultural, political, economic context, social norms)
  • Relationality (family, friends, chosen family, ancestry. heritage, social location)
27
Q

Definition of communication

A

Process of understanding & sharing meaning

28
Q

definition of intrinsic bias

A
  • processing new information through the lens of our current/ previous perspective
  • Everything is filtred & processed by relating to our knowledge & experience
  • gives unique context and complicates shared meaning & understanding
29
Q

High context

A

Asia, Aran and mediterrranean countries (Japanese, Chinese, Korean, Arab, Greek, Latin, Italian)

  • implicitly embedded meanings
  • nonverbal expressions have high importance
  • ambiguity of essages
  • relationship iimportant
30
Q

Low Context

A

USA, UK, German

  • clear, direct communication
  • few nonverbal expressions
  • highly structured and detailed messages
31
Q

Non-verbal part of communication

A
  • Appearance
  • Kinetics
  • Proxemics
  • Haptics
  • Occulesics
  • Chronemics (use of time)
    colour symbolism
32
Q

Challenges of a multicultural team

A
  • power struggles
  • process difficulties
  • team conflict
  • distribution of work
33
Q

pros of a multicultural team

A
  • Improves quality analysis
  • Global awareness
  • Divers viewpoints
  • Higher creativity
  • Personal growth
34
Q

cons of a multicultural team

A
  • communication problems
  • unpredictability
  • low team cohesion
  • stress
  • mistrust
35
Q

rituals

A

for example openings of a meeting takes 20 minutes in Spain or Italy but only about 5 in Germany

ICC Nash SS22 (1 decks)

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