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ICT > Exam > Flashcards

Exam Flashcards

1
Q

4 factors of peer to peer network (pp) vs Client server network (cs)

A

Cost saving- no server needed all computers can be the same (pp) vs more expensive as servers are expensive to buy (cs)
Status- all machiens the same status (pp) vs one machien may be more important than rest (cs)
Network size- only suitabie for small networks 15 or less (pp) vs more efficient/load toletant for larher networks (cs)
Security- poorer as respources are shared (pp) vs security better as its crntralised and one persons responsibility

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2
Q

2 examples of distributed computing

A
  1. ) popular power project- to develop flu vaccine
  2. ) SETI- by NASA searching for extraterrestrial intelligence, current technology gives the ability to discover cosmic habitation
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3
Q

3 Advantages if distributed computing

A
  1. Reduces cost as no powerful computer is needed
  2. Improved performance as each computer can work on part of the data
  3. Can pass work to other computers anywhere in the world using the internet
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4
Q

3 Disadvantages of distributed computing

A
  1. Issues with security- data spread over many different computers/locations
  2. Heavy reliance on network or communications that may not always be reliable
  3. Increased costs owing to the use of expensive communication lines
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5
Q

Factors of HCI

A

Expert- advanced shortcuts to make it quicker, professional desktop publishing
Novice- (child) minimal text, bright colours, visual prompts
Disabled- software customisable e.g braille keyboard

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6
Q

Definition of online shopping

A

Customers can purchase products directly from companies website with the use of interney connection

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7
Q

3 Advantages of online shopping

A
  1. Customers can order goods 24/7
  2. Do not need to spend time travelling
  3. Allows disabled people to shop more easily
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8
Q

Disadvantages of online shopping

A
  1. Risk of debit/credit card fraud
  2. Customers cannit try before buying
  3. If server goes doen this expensive for the buisiness
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9
Q

Legal and moral factors

A

Intellectual property rights
L= computer misuse act- do not copy programes, files, data, music
M= should you use a resource you found on the internet ?
Misinformation
L= estate ahents puttibg false infomation on adverts
M= not informing potention customers of all facts concerning product/services (imminenr new model)
Privacy
L= data protection act- illegal to sell on peoples details
M= employee usong customer details (company data) to creat mailing list for own personal buiness

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10
Q

6 stages of risk analysis

A
  1. (Initial risk) Fire, flood, tsunsmi, powercur
  2. What is the likelihood?
  3. (Example) tsunami unlikely to happen in Newport
  4. Short and long term concequences- loss of sales to loss of reputation or bancrupsy
  5. Would they be able to deal with this threat?
  6. May need a back up recovery plan
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11
Q

E-commerce 3 types advantages and disadvantages

A

B2B (selling flights, reserving seats) A- order goods 24/7, no travel D- risk of debit/credit card fraud
B2C (Online marketplace) A- larger customer base, easier for disabled users D- Can’t try before buy, expensive if server goes down
C2C (Amazon) A- Quick to use D- generally associated with fraud

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12
Q

Advantages and disadvantages of e-commerce to customer

A 
A
Convenient/no travel 
Global marketplace 
Disabled user shop easier 
24/7 availability 
D
Lack of in store engagement 
Security- giving personal details
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13
Q

Advantages and disadvantages of E-commerce to business

A 
A
Wider customer base 
Can sell 24/7
More efficient customer targeting 
D
Need for trained staff 
Cost of maintaining website 
Fewer shops on high street
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14
Q

Explain data mining

A 
Turns raw data into useful information (loyalty card) by looking at shopping patterns 
A
Vouchers
Personalised emails 
Increased profit 
Identify trends
D
Privacy concerns 
Repetitive 
Cost for business 
Technical skills of staff
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15
Q

Definition of data warehouse

A

A large collection of archived data used for decision making

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16
Q

Definition of distributed computing with examples

A

A series of computers networked together each working on the same problem

e. g. SETI- search for intelligent life outside of earth using a radio telescope in order to search for the narrow bandwidth signals lots of computing power needed
e. g. Popular power project used to research flu vaccines

17
Q

Advantages and disadvantages of distributed computing

A

A
Reduces cost as expensive supercomputer not needed
Can pass work to computers anywhere in the world
Performance as each computers works on a different part of data
D
Security issues as data spread out on multiple computers
Heaving reliance on network connections
Increased cost for communication lines

18
Q

Definition of cloud computing

A

Storage of files online through internet connection, enabling companies to develop applications for staff and customers using PC or mobile device.
Can access generic cloud based office applications like Google doc

19
Q

Advantages and disadvantages of cloud computing

A

A
Cost- do not have to buy expensive hardware
Filed can be accessed and backed up remotely
Collaboration made easier, environment
D
Reliable internet connection needed
Online version of software may not have same functionality

20
Q

HCI: novice, expert, disabled, children

A 
Novice= wizards, step by step prompts, tutorials 
Expert= short cuts, more complex 
Disabled= braille for blind, tracker ball for coordination, large print for VI
Children= colourful, less text, animations, voice prompts
21
Q

Teleworking definition

A

Working from home using computer networks and ICT, using high speed internet, computer, software/programs, mobile phone, email and webcam

22
Q

Teleworking advantages and disadvantages

A 
A
Allows people to live/work where they choose
Ideal for disabled users
Saves time and money 
Reduced office costs
Can employ from anywhere
Staff less likely to be off sick
D
Home costs- heating and electricity 
Boundary between home and work 
May feel isolated 
Can’t see how hard staff are working
Harder to manage
23
Q

Video conferencing advantages and disadvantages

A

Used for meetings with live video and audio using computer networks
A
More times to spend at home/other life commitments
No commuting to expenses
D
Individuals feel self conscious, less likely to contribute
Poor image quality may occur with poor connectivity - need for fast reliable internet

24
Q

Code of conduct definition

A

A set of rules to be signed by employees which states specified guidelines with regards to ICT equipment

25
Q

Codes of conduct- problems and contents

A

Potential problems:
Using organisations printer for personal use
Using internet/running up phone bills for personal use
Distribution of material that is racially or sexually offensive
Misuse of data for illicit purposes
Contents:
Responsibilities of employees- don’t take laptop on train/log off workstation
Respecting rights of others- cyber bullying/ abusive emails
Authorisation permissions
Licensing agreements

26
Q

4 different legal vs moral issues

A

Intellectual property rights:
L- computer misuse act- do not copy files/data/music vs M- should you use a resource found on internet

Disinformation:
L- estate agents putting false info on adverts vs M- not fully informing customers E.g imminent new models

Privacy:
L- data protection act (illegal to sell on peoples details) vs M- using customer details to create mailing list for own private business

Employment patterns:
L- deskilled by IT, no longer required vs M- impersonal communications, sacked by text

27
Q

Factors of the digital divide

A

Rural areas may not have access to WiFi

Fear of technology- older generation or lack of training

May not be able to afford devices/ broadband

28
Q

Operational procedures of data misuse

A

Screening of potential employees

Routines for distributed virus information and virus scanning

Define procedures for downloading from internet, use if removable media, personal back up procedures

Establish back up recovery programme

Set up auditing procedures

29
Q

Risk analysis (threats consequences of data misuse)

A

Potential risks- flood, power cut, tornado

Likelyhood of risk occurring- power cut inevitable but tornado unlikely in Newport

Short and long term consequence- loss of resources -> bancrupsy

How well equipped to deal with threat-
Needing back up strategy

30
Q

Volume, variety, validity, variability definitions

A 
Volume= how much data 
Variety= different forms- word doc, PDF, database, email, photos 
Validity= correctness of data for use, dirty data needing to be cleansed
Variability= some data can be inconsistent when collected from multiple sources
31
Q

Define data consistency , redundancy, integrity, independence

A

Data consistency= input, processed and output , should be correct at each stage

Data redundancy= may hold data in different files, wasteful as some may be input twice, waste reduced with relational database

Data integrity= accuracy and truthfulness if data
Reduce risk by imputing once less likely conflicting data

Data independence= data stored in database separate from software, can change data without changing software package

32
Q

Consequences/management of change

A

New skills required old not- filing clerks not needed as can be accessed across networks

Work patterns altered- teleworking/. Video concerning introduced meaning flexible working hours. 24/7

Internal procedures change- traditional jobs done quickly, extra duties taken on that can cause stress if training not provided

The workforce- fear of looking ridiculous, redundancy, health risks

33
Q

factors of a poor MIS

A

Inadequate consultation with managers during the analysis/ lack of management involvement in design stage of the system to find out what their requirements from the system are
Lack of training for managers means many managers do not use the system as they should
Inappropriate hardware or software being used. For example, the network may run slowly
when processing the information needed when producing MIS reports
Inadequate initial analysis. The system does not do exactly what it should do
Lack of management knowledge about computer systems and their capabilities

ICT (1 decks)

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