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Exam Flashcards

1
Q

ASA II

A

Mild to moderate systemic disease that does not interfere with daily activity
significant health risk factor such as smoking, alcohol abuse, obesity
Patients that need prophylactic antibiotics, modification to treatment, requiring sedation
can perform normal activities without distress

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2
Q

ASA III

A

Patients with moderate to severe systemic disease that is not incapacitating but limits normal daily activities
modified dental treatment often required

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3
Q

ASA IV

A

Incapacitating severe systemic disease that is a constant threat to life.
Elective dental treatment must be postponed until ASA III

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4
Q

Type 1 allergy

A

Atopic reactions and anaphylaxis
Itching of the palate, nausea, Substernal pressure, Shortness of breath, hypotension
Swelling requires epi and O2, and diphenhydramine 50mg

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5
Q

Type III allergy

A

White, erythematous or ulcerative lesions

Topical treatment, diphenhydramine syrup, Kenalog in orabase (oracort)

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6
Q

Type IV allergy

A

contact dermatitis, transplant rejection

Topical treatment of benzydamine rinse or Oracort

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7
Q

The most common drugs with allergic potential

A 
Penicillins
ASA
Codeine
barbiturates
Esther local anesthetics
LA preservatives (paraben or bisulfite)
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8
Q

Penicillin allergy prevalence

A

5-10% of patients react

anaphylaxis in 0.04-0.2%

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9
Q

Analgesic allergy

A

ASA (and other NSAIDs) can cause severe reactions in asthmatics
non-allergic reactions: GI upset/bleeds, heartburn

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10
Q

Codiene allergy

A

Nausea, emesis, constipation

Non-allergic

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11
Q

Two main kinds of LA agents

A

Amides and Esters

Do not cross-react in allergy situations

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12
Q

Highest incidence of LA allergy

A

Procaine (PABA ester)

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13
Q

Cross-reaction with Latex allergy

A

Banana’s

Type I reactions possible but Type IV more common

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14
Q

Peanut Allergy

A

Avoid Coe-Pak

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15
Q

Formaldehyde allergy

A

Avoid tissue adhesives such as histoacryl

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16
Q

SSRI Side effect

A 
Decrease platelet function
Avoid perscribing ASA, NSAIDs, steroids
Maximum 2 cartridges of 1:100,000 epi per visit maybe? - unclear, keep in mind
Reduce sedation dosage
Erythromycin action inhibited
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17
Q

Asthma precautions

A

Do not perscribe NSAIDs as severe reaction may develop, especially if they have nasal polyps

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18
Q

Bisphosphonate risk factors

A

Risk factors for MRONJ - 65yo+, periodontitis, 2+ years on bisphosphonate, smoking, denture wearing, diabetes

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19
Q

Symptoms of MRONJ

A 
pain
soft tissue swelling and infection
loosening of teeth
drainage and exposed bone
numbness
may be asymptomatic for weeks or months
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20
Q

Maximum dose of epi for a healthy patient

A

0.2mg - 11 carpules of 1:100,000 (0.018mg per carpule)

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21
Q

Maximum dose of epi for CVD patient

A

0.036mg - 2 cartridges of 1:100,000

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22
Q

Levonordefrin

A

Alternative to epi in LA

Avoid in CVD patients

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23
Q

LA reccomendation for longer procedures in patients with CVD

A

bupivocaine (marcaine) 1:200,000 epi

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24
Q

contraindications for epi

A 
unstable angina
recent MI (1 month)
recent stroke (6 months)
recent bypass surgery (3 months)
severe hypertension uncontrolled
uncontrolled arrhythmias
uncontrolled hyperthyroidism
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25
Q

Categories of hypertension

A 
pre-hypertension (120-129, 80)
Stage 1 (130-140, 80-89)
Stage 2 (140+, 90+)
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26
Q

hypertension treatment

A

Stage 1 single drug (usually thiazide)

Stage 2 two drug (usually thiazide and ACE)

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27
Q

Hypertension treatment drugs

A
  • ipine (calcium channel blocker)
  • pril (ace inhibitor)
  • olol (beta blocker)
  • thiazide (diuretic)
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28
Q

with non-selective beta blockers, epinephrine causes…

A

may cause uncompensated increase in BP as it vasoconstricts peripheral arterioles and is blocked from dilating muscle arterioles. Test dose LA with epi, and if no changes over 5 minutes then you are ok

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29
Q

Thiazide diuretics oral interactions

A

No vasoconstrictor limitations
dry mouth
orthostatic hypotension

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30
Q

Non selective Beta blocker oral interactions

A

potential increase in BP - max 2 carpules LA with epi

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31
Q

Cardioselective Beta Blockers oral interactions

A

No changes in dental management

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32
Q

Combined alpha and beta blockers

A

potential for adverse hypertensive effect, but unlikely

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33
Q

ACE inhibitors side effects

A

Angioedema of lips, face, tongue, taste changes, oral burning

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34
Q

Antiotensin receptor blocker oral interactions

A

angioedema of lips, face, tongue, orthostatic hypotension

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35
Q

Calcium Channel Blockers oral interactions

A

Gignival hyperplasia

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36
Q

Alpha adrenergic blockers

A

dry mouth, orthostatic hypotension

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37
Q

central alpha adrenergic agonists

A

dry mouth, orthostatic hypotension

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38
Q

direct vasodilators

A

lupus-like oral and skin lesions

orthostatic hypotension

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39
Q

Coumadin risk factors

A

dental treatment requires INR 3.5 or less
The action of warfarin is increased by ASA/NSAIDs,
Avoid metronidazole, tetracycline, a few other antibiotics to look up.

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40
Q

Heparin considerations

A

Physician consult prior to NSAIDs or ASA

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41
Q

When to avoid giving patients NSAIDs

A

Patients on SSRI - increases risk of gastric bleeding

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42
Q

vasoconstrictor for pateints with hypertension

A

1:200,000 epi

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43
Q

Coumadin therapy timing and precautions

A

PT and INR should be performed withing 24 hours of planned surgery
PT time up to 1.5X normal acceptable
INR time 3 or less reccomended
INR 5+ is contraindicated

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44
Q

Test to order with clinical findings of bleeding problem

A 
PT
APTT
TT
BT
Platelet Count
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45
Q

Test to order for ASA Therapy bleeding test

A

BT

APTT

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46
Q

Test to order for Coumadin Therapy bleeding test

A

PT

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47
Q

Test to order for possible liver disease bleeding test

A

BT

PT

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48
Q

Test to order for Chronic leukemia bleeding test

A

BT

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49
Q

Test to order for Malabsorption syndrome or long term antibiotic therapy bleeding test

A

PT

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50
Q

Test to order for renal dialysis (heparin) bleeding

A

APTT

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51
Q

Signs of Ludwig’s Angina

A

swelling of the Submandibular/sublingual spaces bilaterally

elevated tongue

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52
Q

Conditions to avoid NSAIDs

A 
children under 14 years
pregnancy
alcohol dependency
asthma
GI disease
Renal disease
Existing controlled infection
compromised cardiac function/hypertension
SSRI
Metformin?
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53
Q

NSAID drug interactions

A 
anticoagulants
beda adrenergic blocking agents
cyclosporine, methotrexate
diuretics
insulin, oral hypoglycemics
phenytoin
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54
Q

NSAID effect on ASA

A

Inhibits anti-platelet function

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55
Q

Avoid acetaminophen in

A 
Renal disease
Liver disease
Alcohol dependency
Anemia
Cardiac, pulmonary disease
pregnancy
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56
Q

Acetaminophen drug interactions

A 
barbituates
NSAIDs
Caffeine
Ethanol
Warfarin
Zidovudine
Tetracycline
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57
Q

Avoid Opioids with

A 
asthma
siezure disorders
cardiac dysrhythmias
pregnancy
alcohol dependency
addison's disease
liver disease
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58
Q

Opioid interactions

A 
Alcohol
antihistimines
CNS depressants
phenothiazines
MAO inhibitor, tricyclic antidepressants
Anticholinergics
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59
Q

Patients on bisphosphonates precautions post surgery

A

prophylactic antibiotics and CHX rinse 1-2 days before procedure. Antibiotics for 14 days after procedure and CHX for 2 months.
Treat one sextant every 2 months
Implants/regen contraindicated

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60
Q

Maxillary anteriors surgical risk of flap

A

likely to get recession due to fenestrations, thin alveolar ridge, consider soft tissue augmentation prior to flap to reduce risk.

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61
Q

Infections from maxillary incisors and canines path

A

intraorally into facial vestibule or extraorally into canine space. Causes severe swelling of the upper lip, canine fossa, and often peri-orbital tissues, can cause purulent maxillary sinusitis

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62
Q

surgical risk of severely pneumatized maxillary sinuses

A

Medullary bone may be absent between the sinus and the cortical bone surrounding the teeth. Deep infrabony pockets may also approach the sinus with possibly an absence of bone. Supporting bone may be absent. Exercise caution when elevating a flap with sinus proximity to teeth and ridges.

63
Q

Surgical limitations with zygomatic bone

A

Zygomaticoalveolar crest will limit correction of osseous defects as well as the extent of ostectomy performed in a crown lengthening procedure.

64
Q

Maxillary molar roots can have thin alveolar plates. What surgical complications arise from this?

A

Can have recession after flap, consider augmentation surgery prior to flap surgery.

65
Q

Surgical precautions in the posterior palate

A

Avoid vertical incisions to prevent damage to the greater palatine nerve and artery. Flap harvest location must consider foramen location. Nerve/artery travels forward from foramen

66
Q

How to stop bleeding from the greater palatine artery

A

Local measures if possible, however the artery may retract into the foramen. If this happens then ligation of the external carotid artery may be necessary.

67
Q

Superior and inferior attachment of the pertygomandibular raphe

A

Hamulus superior

internal ridge of the mandible inferior

68
Q

Surgical risk in the maxillary tuberosity

A

Incisions posterior to the maxillary tuberosity risk perforation of the pterygomandibular raphe and superior constrictor muscle.

69
Q

Pterygomandubilar raphe attaches to which muscles

A

buccinator anteriorally

superior pharyngeal constrictor posteriorally

70
Q

perforation of the pterygomandibular raphe infection risk

A

if medial to the medial pterygoid muscle the parapharyngeal space, or if lateral to the medial pterygomandibular muscle the pterygomandiular space. THese may spread into the sublingual, submandibular spaces or into the neck

71
Q

exostoses in the palatal vault surgical limitations

A

A shallow flat palatal vault may preclude ostectomy (interproximal palatal ramping) gingivectomy procedures are compromised as an extremely wide incision may be necessary to achieve the desired beveled result.

72
Q

Surgical limitations in the anterior mandible

A

A prominent mental protuberance may limit depth of anterior facial vestibule, and my limit deepening of the vestibule.

73
Q

Infection considerations in the anterior mandible

A

elevation of mentalis muscle allows access to the submental space. Infection can spread posteriorally into the lateral pharyngeal spaces.

74
Q

Anterior mandible surgical risk - root position

A

Roots often positioned facially, prone to recession due to fenestrations/dehiscences. Possible gingival augmentation surgery to preceed flap surgery.

75
Q

Surgical limitations in the lingual anterior mandible

A

Osseous recontouring is limited if genial tubercles are very prominent or are located superiorly

76
Q

Surgical risk of lingual aspect of anterior mandible

A

Sublingual space is entered whenever the lingual attached gingiva is elecated or when the mucosal lining of the floor of the mouth is perforated. Infection in this space can spread across the midline and cause cellulitis (Ludwig’s angina if spreads into the parapharyngeal space)

77
Q

Surgical limitations around the external oblique ridge

A

Prominence and location will limit surgical correction of osseous defects that extend apical to the external oblique ridge and the extent of ostectomy during crown lengthening. May preclude procedures to deepen vestibule and mucogingival surgeries.

78
Q

Infection risk in the retromolar area of the posterior mandible

A

Pterygomandibular space is separated from the oral cavity by only a thin wall formed by the oral mucosa and the buccinator muscle. Incisions can easily penetrate into this space.

79
Q

Surgical risk buccal space, posterior mandible

A

Attachment site of the buccinator muscle will influence the depth of the buccal mucobuccal fold and surgical extent of the mandible.

80
Q

Infection risk buccal space, posterior mandible

A

Buccal space may be entered if buccinator muscle is perforated during elevation of a buccal flap.

81
Q

Mental foramen surgical risk

A

Must be avoided during surgical management. A challenge to do osseous resection or mucogingival surgery to gain attachment/deepen vestibule

82
Q

Posterior mandible mylohyoid space surgical risks

A

Thin mucosa covering the floor of the mouth. Submandibular gland and duct, lingual and inferior alveolar nerves are in this area. Surgery should be limited to full thickness flaps and blunt dissection. Ostectomy/osteoplasty may not be possible if high muscle insertion.

83
Q

Posterior mandible mylohyoid space infection

A

Infection apical to the mylohyoid muscle penetrates the submandibular space and infection can spread directly into the neck.

84
Q

Surgical risk submandibular region posterior mandible

A

Care must be taken during flap elevation/reflection and retracting/depressing the tongue.

85
Q

Surgical limitations in the posterior lingual mandible/ramus

A

A shallow sublingual sulcus in posterior lingual mandible increases risk of injury to subjacent structures. Distal incisions require skewing to the buccal to avoid lingual nerve. May be necessary to avoid scalloped incisions on the lingual aspect of third and second molar region

86
Q

Surgical risks of exostosis removal (mandibular or maxillary)

A

Presence may compromise or preclude osseous recontouring, and mucosa may be thin over the exostosis and flap perforation must be avoided.

87
Q

mandibular tori removal infection concern

A

A full thickness flap apical to the tori is required, and the attachment for the mylohyoid may be encroached upon, leading to sublingual space and possibly submandibular

88
Q

Anatomical spaces of the head summary

A 
Buccal vestibule of mandible
space of the body of mandible
submentalis space
submental space
sublingual space
submandibular space
pterygomandibular space
pharyngeal space
buccal vestibule of the Maxilla
Buccal space
submasseteric space
temporal space
peritonsillar space
89
Q

Spaces involved in Ludwig’s Angina

A

cellulitis bilaterally involving sublingual, submandibular, and submental spaces. Submandibular swelling extends down the anterior part of the neck to the clavicles.

90
Q

Cavernous sinus thrombosis may include

A 
venous obstruction in the retina
paresis of CN 3, 4, 6
abscess formation in surrounding soft tissues
septicemia
meningeal infection
91
Q

A patient taking warfarrin, what antibiotic cannot be perscribed

A

Metronidazole

92
Q

Periodontal surgery considerations - the patient

A

Age, medical history, chief concern (sensativity, estehtics, function/costs, gagging, TMD, etc), patient compliance, LA and analgesic options with med history,

93
Q

Periodontal surgery considerations - oral and radiographic findings

A

Level of plaque control/resolution of inflammation, Control of local factors (restorative, prosthetic, endo. occlusal) Xerostomia, gag reflex, anatomic limitations, mucogingival status, suspected osseous topography/root morphology

94
Q

Periodontal surgery considerations - surgical assessment

A

Type of surgery (resective, inductive/regenerative, mucogingival), simplicity/predictability/efficiency of procedure, post operative sequelae of procedure (increased recession, esthetic changes, increased sensativity/mobility), follow up/expected healing

95
Q

How to do incisions

A

Clean, definite, and smooth

96
Q

Flap design

A

Must retain KT, mucogingival involvements due to flap design must be avoided, must provide adequate access and visibility, avoid surgical involvement of adjascent sites, avoid unnecessary exposure of bone, designed with a wide base, all tissue tags removed, primary closure if possible, and should be well stabilized to not displace.

97
Q

internal bevel incision

A

blade is aimed towards the bone - full thickness flap

98
Q

external bevel incision

A

removes a portion of gingiva - gingivectomy incision

99
Q

Incision through the papilla at the contact point, with a discard around the buccal root of the tooth

A

Scalloped incision apical to the radicular free gingival margin with papillary incisions under the contact point

100
Q

Incision to produce an apical papilla position but retaining the gingiva on the buccal of the tooth

A

intrasulcular radicular incision with inter-radicular incisions that create a new papilla apical to the existing papillary crest

101
Q

Incision to produce a discard in the papilla and the buccal sulcus

A

scalloped radicular incision and inter-radicular incisions apical to the existing papillary crest

102
Q

If papillary incision is moved apically from the contact point…

A

The resulting papilla will be shorter, the further from the contact point the shorter it is, if a discard is taken. Flap must be reflected apical to the MGJ if primary closure is desired.

103
Q

In a repositioned flap what determines the ammount of pocket reduction

A

The thickness of the flap. The thinner the flap, the more pocket reduction achieved as the thicker the discard is

104
Q

Incision into the sulcus and through the contact point of the papilla.

A

Crestal incision. Preserves the KT, not for pocket reduction

Varied incisions are part scalloped and part crestal

105
Q

Incision apical to the gingival crest and apical to the papilla contact

A

Scalloped incision - pocket reduction and apical movement of the free gingival margin.
Varied incisions are part scalloped and part crestal

106
Q

Modified widman flap characteristics

A

Full thickness flap
repositioned flap (coronal to MCJ)
Scalloped incision
Vertical mattress independent sutures

107
Q

Full thickness Apically positioned flap characteristics

A

internal bevel incision at the crest of the gingiva
disection past MCJ
Pocket reduction

108
Q

Partial thickness Apically positioned flap

A

Internal bevel incision at the crest of the gingiva
disection past the MCJ
Pocket reduction and increase in KT the objective, with KT growing over the retained periosteum

109
Q

envelope flap definition

A

Only horizontal incisions used

110
Q

Pedicle flap definition

A

lateral releasing incisions used with the horizontal incisions.

111
Q

Avoid lateral releasing incisions

A

Palate and lingual mandible due to anatomical considerations, and must be used with caution on the facial aspect between mandibular bicuspids

112
Q

Where should releasing incisions be placed

A

Should be placed at the line angles. Avoid placement in the middle of the interdental papilla or over the radicular aspect of a tooth

113
Q

How should releasing incisions be designed

A

Do not compromise the blood supply to the flap, must have a wider base. Also avoid long apically directed incisions with short mesial-distal horizontal flaps

114
Q

Scalloped flap design

A

Apical portion of the incision is tapered to be narrower than the radicular width between the line angles.

115
Q

3 important objectives of an internal beveled incision

A

a sharp, thin flap margin is created for adaptation of the tooth-bone junction
outer surface of gingiva is preserved to become attached gingiva
the pocket lining is removed - there is always a discard, this is not a sulcular incision to the tooth root

116
Q

Location of primary incision for internal bevel design

A

if KT is abundant faical incision is 1-3mm apical to gingival crest
If KT is adaquate (2mm) then crestal incision indicated
If KT is inadequate (<2mm) a sulcular incision and partial thickness flap indicated (from the sulcus directed to the alveolar crest, not the tooth)

117
Q

what determines amount of discard in an internal bevel incision

A

how apical is the initial incision, and the acuity of the bevel

118
Q

Internal bevel incision - if made too close to the tooth (coronal)

A

A soft tissue pocket may be created as the flap extends coronal to the bone-tooth junction

119
Q

Internal bevel incision - if made too far from the tooth (apical)

A

Primary closure may not be achieved.

120
Q

Designing a palatal flap in terms of discard

A

2/3 rule - 2/3 of the MP and DP measurements of each tooth. Make a bleeding point at the midpoint of the tooth, and the interproximal point where the 2/3 rule calculates. Careful to avoid greater palatine artery. a scalloped line between bleeding points is the incision line.

121
Q

3 approaches for design of a palatal flap

A

full thickness palatal flap
partial thickness palatal flap
modified partial-thickness ledge and wedge flap

122
Q

Common errors with palatal flaps

A

Incisions made beyond the height of the alveolus risk cutting the palatal artery.
thinning of palatal tissue on low, broad palate risks damage to the palatal artery
flap positioned coronal to alveolar crest (poor adaptation)
flap is too short exposing the bone
Scallop is too wide/round resulting in exposed bone

123
Q

Things to avoid with suture knots

A

Tying too tight (avoid blanching the tissues)
Knot should not be on an incision line
Ends cut 2-3mm away from the knot
non-resorbable sutures to be removed in 7-10 days

124
Q

Suture material selection

A

resorbable sutures should be used on mucosa (where retrieval is difficult)
regenerative procedures require longer lasting sutures
mucogingival procedures require finer suture materials.

125
Q

types of non-resorbable sutures

A 
Silk
Nylon
PTFE
polyester fibers
Knots more likely to untie with all of the synthetic sutures.
126
Q

Types of resorbable sutures

A

GUT (plain (3-5 days) or chromic (7-10 days))

Synthetic (PGA (21-28 days) good for sited where sutures must resist muscle pull

127
Q

Size of sutures chosen for different procedures

A

4.0 - periodontal flap surgery
5.0 - mucogingival surgery
Smaller will cause less tissue trauma, but has less tensile strength

128
Q

Reverse cutting needle design

A

the area towards the tissue pull is flat (inside of the curve)

129
Q

Conventional cutting needles

A

The point is facing hte pull of the tissue (towards the inside of the circle)

130
Q

interrupted mattress sutures advantages

A

Provide greater flap and papillary placement and stability, and more precise flap placement
Can be vertical or horizontal

131
Q

Papillary interrupted suture

A

THe papillas on only the buccal or lingual side are engaged, with the sutures slung aorund the tooth. For when only a single side was flapped.

132
Q

Stages of healing

A

2 days - epithelium covers over the wound

7-14 days granulation tissue under the epithelium forms CT

133
Q

Apical positioned flap with bone left exposed

A

Wilderman 1964 found that there was more attached gingiva after but the dogs lost 2-4mm alveolar bone height.

134
Q

Healing of the FGG

A

first 48 hours graft appears pale, nutrition from periosteal bed, clot formed between graft and recipient bed
3-5 days graft colour has improvedm capillaries formed at the cut margins of the recipient bed into donor tissue. proliferation of epithelium at the graft margins, clot being replaced with loose CT
6-10 days blood vessels increase greatly, epithelium is thinned, mitosis increased in the basal layers, edema and inflammation persist along the root, collagen increases, peak bone resorption at day 8
11-21 days decreased inflammatory response, increased thickness and keratinization, bone formation
beyond 21 days epithelium appears normal, decreased vascularity as CT matures, at 4-6 weeks dentogingival junction and collagen are fully repaired

135
Q

difference between modified Widman flap and internal bevel gingivectomy

A

Modified Widman flap goal is reattachment/attachment gain vs internal bevel gingivectomy is pocket elimination by resection.

136
Q

Goal of osseous resective surgery

A

create physiologic contours that the gingiva will follow for pocket elimination

137
Q

ostectomy vs osteoplasty

A

Ostectomy removes supporting bone, osteoplasty removes non-supporting bone

138
Q

Contraindications for ostectomy

A

sites with deep probing depths (9-12mm) as too much attachment must be sacrificed to create positive architecture

139
Q

Difference between crown lengthening and osseous surgery

A

Crown lengthening is performed in a healthy environment vs osseous surgery is an attempt to resolve a pocket.

140
Q

Biologic width height of junctional epithelium

A

0.97mm

141
Q

Biologic width height of supra-alveolar connective tissue

A

1.07mm

142
Q

biologic width height of the sulcus

A

0.69mm

143
Q

ENAP procedure technique

A

partial thickness inverse beveled incision from the gingival crest to the base of the sulcus and papilla thinned, the internal tissue incised, interproximal interrupted sutures placed.

144
Q

modified Widman flap technique

A

requires perfect interproximal adaptation of the flap
a primary thinning partial thickness inverse bevel incision made parallel to the long axis of the teeth, on the palate an exaggerated scalloped incision.

145
Q

demineralized freeze-dried bone vs freeze dried bone for allograft

A

demineralized has osteoinductive potential, freezedried has osteoconductive potential, can have osteoinductive if mized with autogenous bone

146
Q

alloplast vs allograft

A

alloplast is synthetic, allograft is from a person

147
Q

What is Emdogain

A

growth factors, enamel matrix proteins that induce mesenchymal differentiation on the root surface. used to regenerate bone, cementum, and PDL.
clean root with EDTA for 2 minutes, need to keep blood out

148
Q

3 reasons GIngival augmentation is reccomended

A

suspected etiologies causing recession cannot be eliminated
inflammation cannot be controleld
recession continues to increase

149
Q

factors to consider when considering gingival augmentation

A

age of aptient
level of OH
teeth involved
existing or potential esthetic concerns
recession wiht associated esthetic or sensitivity complaints
the patients overall dental/restorative needs and previous dental treatment

150
Q

When is gingival augmentation not needed around natural teeth

A

when the recession is not progressing and if associated etiologies are controleld or eliminated

151
Q

Miller classifications and root coverage predictibility

A

Class 1 - recession not reacing the MCJ. Complete root coverage expected
Class 2 - recession past the MCJ with no interproximal tissue loss. 100% root coverage can be anticipated
Class 3 recession with interproximal tissue loss, negates the chances for complete root coverage
Class 4 severe recession and soft and hard tissue loss. Root coverage should not be expected.

152
Q

Thickness required of a FGG flap donor site

A

at least 1-1.5mm thickness. The bevel of a 15 blade is 1mm

153
Q

Reasons for failure of FGG

A

Mobile graft, failure to remove adipose or glandular tissue, failure to obtain root coverage (wide posterior root where collateral circulation is inadequate.

154
Q

For an FGG attempting to gain root coverage flap thickness

A

2-2.5mm - very thick graft

Case management (1 decks)

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