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BIOM2010 > EXAM > Flashcards

EXAM Flashcards

1
Q

What is a drug used in Huntington’s Disease?

A

Tetrabenazine

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2
Q

What is the MOA of Tetrabenazine and what symptom does it specifically treat?

A

MOA: blocks VMATs, competitively binds to dopamine receptors in the synapses
Tx: Chorea

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3
Q

Carbidopa and Levodopa are used in conjunction to treat which condition?

A

Parkinson’s disease

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4
Q

Describe the MOA of Levodopa and Carbidopa

A

Levodopa: precursor to dopamine
Carbidopa: Prevents the peripheral breakdown of Levodopa

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5
Q

Which class of drugs is used to treat Alzheimers?

A

Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors

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6
Q

Name an Acetylcholinesterase inhibitor used to treat Alzheimers?

A

Donezepil

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7
Q

Name two drugs used to treat ALS

A

Riluzole and Edaravone

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8
Q

Name the MOA of Riluzole and Edaravone

A

Riluzole: overall MOA is to inhibit excitation
Edaravone: prevents oxidative stress from inducing motor neurone death

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9
Q

What class is the drug Memantine and what is it used to treat?

A

NMDA antagonist

Alzheimers

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10
Q

Hypercalcaemia is a result of which condition?

A

Hyperparathyroidism

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11
Q

List three drugs for the treatment of Hyperparathyroidism

A

Denosumab, Raloxefine, Risedronate

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12
Q

List the MOA for Denosumab and its class

A

MOA: inhibits RANKL -> inhibits resorption
Class: recombinant human monoclonal antibody

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13
Q

MOA and Class for Raloxefine

A

MOA: stimulate osteoblast activity
Class: SERM (acts like estrogen)

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14
Q

MOA and Class for Risedronate

A

MOA: inhibit bone resorption by inhibiting osteoclast activity
Class: Bisphosphonate

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15
Q

List the available Tx for Hypoparathyroidism

A

Dietary Calcium/ Vitamin D

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16
Q

What is the common name given to a Hypothyroidism condition?

A

Hashimoto’s Autoimmune Thyroiditis

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17
Q

List the fast/slow response drugs for Hashimoto’s

A

Slow: Levothyroxine (T4)
Fast: Liothyronine (T3) -> can’t use long term

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18
Q

What is a name given to a hyperthyroidism conditions

A

Graves disease

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19
Q

Name a drug Tx for Graves disease

A

Carbimazole

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20
Q

Name the MOA and Class for Carbimazole

A

MOA: blocks hormone synthesis, inhibits peripheral conversion of T4 to T3
Class: Thioureylene

21
Q

Which is the first line treatment for Crohn’s disease and name its MOA

A

Mesalamine

MOA: stops leyukotrine production

22
Q

What is the main Tx option for Ulcerative Colitis and why is it used?

A

Sulfalazine

The sulphur is cleaved off the drug by colonic bacteria to form the metabolite mesalamine

23
Q

List four drugs as a part of the step-up approach for treating UC and Crohn’s

A
  1. Mesalamine
  2. prednisone
  3. mecaptopurine
  4. infliximab
24
Q

List the main Tx for Type One Diabetes

A

Recombinant Insulin

25
Q

What is the FIRST LINE treatment for Type 2 diabetes?

A

Lifestyle Tx

26
Q

List two drugs that are used in type 2 diabetes and their class

A

Metformin - biguanide

Tolbutamide - sulfonylureas

27
Q

What is the MOA of metformin?

A

increases glucose uptake in the muscle

28
Q

What is the MOA of Tolbutamide?

A

Stimulate insulin secretion

29
Q

Cushings disease is a result of excess…?

A

steroid hormone

30
Q

Name a drug Tx for cushings and its MOA

A

Metyrapone

MOA: inhibits glucocorticoid synthesis by inhibiting 11-Beta hydroxylase

31
Q

What is the treatment for Addisons disease?

A

replacement mineralocorticoid and glucocorticoids

32
Q

What is the action of oestrogen (HRT)?

A

inhibits secretion of FSH via negative feedback - it inhibits follicle maturation and ovulation

33
Q

What is the role of progestin (HRT)?

A

inhibits synthesis of LH and thickens cervical mucous

34
Q

List the two drugs used for emergency contraception

A

Levonorgestrel and Ulipristal

35
Q

What is the MOA of Levongesterel?

A

prevents LH surge

36
Q

What is the MOA of Ulipristal?

A

prevents or delays ovulation (main MOA unknown)

37
Q

Which two drugs are used in combination for the termination of pregnancy and what are their MOAs?

A

Mifepristone: competitive inhibitor of the progesterone receptor
Misopristol: a prostaglandin pill which induces contractions

38
Q

Latrozole and Anastrozole are examples of what?

A

Aromatase inhibitors

39
Q

What is the MOA of an aromatase inhibitor?

A

blocks the synthesis of testosterone to oestrogen

40
Q

Which drug can be used to slow breast cancer growth?

A

Tamoxifen (prevents the gene transcription)

41
Q

Name an injectable drug used to treat erectile dysfunction

A

Alprostadil

42
Q

What is the MOA of Alprostadil?

A

Activates the PGE pathway

43
Q

The gel nitroglycerin does what?

A

converts NO2 to NO

44
Q

Name a tablet used to treat ED

A

Slidenafil (Viagra)

45
Q

What is the MOA of sildenafil?

A

inhibits the PDE5 pathways (inhibits an inhibitory pathway)

46
Q

What are the two types of drugs relevant to childbirth?

A

Tocolytics and oxytocics

47
Q

What type of drug is Salbutamol and what is its MOA?

A

Tocolytic and a beta adrenergic receptor agonist

48
Q

What type of drug is Misoprostol in relation to childbirth and what is its MOA?

A

Oxytocic

MOA: prostaglandin receptor agonist (uterine contractions)

49
Q

Name the drug used to treat postpartum haemorrhage

A

Ergometrine

BIOM2010 (4 decks)

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