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Critical thinking > Exam > Flashcards

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1
Q

Definition of critical thinking

A

A self — directed process in which we take deliberate steps to think at the highest quality of thought

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2
Q

The name of the first text book on critical thinking

A

The advancement of learning

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3
Q

who formed the basis of critical thinking

A

Socrates

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4
Q

who wrote the advancement of learning

A

Francis bacon

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5
Q

When the book was created

A

1633

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6
Q

claims made by____

A

People in authority

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7
Q

people in authority can_____

A

Be deeply confused and irrational

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8
Q

individuals need to_____

A

Seek evidence, examine reasoning and assumptions, analysize basic concepts before accepting ideas

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9
Q

3 levels of quality

A

Lower order thinking, higher order thinking, highest order thinking

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10
Q

How many characteristics of critical thinker are there?

A

9

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11
Q

Clarity

A

To understand one’s meaning

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12
Q

Accuracy

A

to reduce error or contradiction

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13
Q

precision

A

To tackle necessary details

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14
Q

Depth

A

To address the difficulties/external factors that came along

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15
Q

breadth

A

To cover all the necessary perspective

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16
Q

logic

A

To reduce contradictions

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17
Q

significance

A

To refocus on the important details

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18
Q

Fairness

A

To reduce bias

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19
Q

relevance

A

To relate to the right content

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20
Q

S + el + ex

A

State, elaborate, example

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21
Q

critical thinking provide us a _____

A

Checklist to check the logic of the argument or statement

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22
Q

critical thinking help us to____

A

Identify, analyze, evaluate, reason about argument

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23
Q

describe lower order of thinking

A

Thoughts don’t reflect at all, relies on git intuition, self-served and self-deceived, low too mixed skill level

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24
Q

describe higher order thinking

A

Maybe skilled in sophistry, inconsistently fair, selectively reflective, lack of critical thinking vocabulary, high skill level

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25
describe highest order thinking
Consistent, consistently fair, use of critical thinking analysis, explicitly reflective, highest skill level
26
green thinking
Spontaneous thinking that is unconsciously guided
27
green thinking is guided by____
Instincts and influenced by environment
28
green thinking prefer to fall back____
To something that they have been doing all years
29
red thinking
Higher order executive functioning, thinking that analyzes, assesses and improves green thinking
30
why improve red thinking
Not to feel guilty afterwards
31
what means red thinking
To stop and think
32
red thinking need to take____
Charge if thoughts (self-directed process) and consciously evaluate thoughts (deliberate steps) before making a decision
33
attended information
Pay attention in order for information to store
34
how can attention come to judgment
People begin to judge, evaluate, categorize and criticize
35
media literacy
Is the ability to analyze, access, interpret, and create media (communication) in a variety forms
36
purpose of media
To explain, describe, instruct, warn, persuade, entertain, recount
37
media in our life
Huge part of our life (source of information, culture and knowledge), effect our thoughts and actions (persuasive blend of words, images and sounds), not anti-media (empowers people as they make decision)
38
types of traditional media
Broadcast and print
39
new media
Internet
40
sex appeal
Use of sexual interest
41
sex appeal elements
No clothes, physical contact, eye contact seductive
42
snob appeal
Evoke desire in the audience by igniting a sense of superiority
43
snob appeal elements
Arrogant (the most…), exclusive, high quality, customized
44
appeal to authority
Focus on public figure (icon)
45
appeal to authority elements
Name mentioned, the image of public figure
46
plain folks appeal
Use of ordinary people
47
plain folks appeal
Use of ordinary people
48
Plain folk appeal elements
Product and people are ordinary, price range is reasonable, available
49
Bandwagon appeal
Peer pressure (you will not be left out following the trend)
50
bandwagon Appeal elements
Focus on the majority (words, phrases, percentage that show big group of people)
51
shock appeal
Violating norms for stoical values and ideas
52
Shock Appeal elements
Images or words that are horrifying/unpleasant, displays fears
53
to perceive
To come to realization or understand, to interpret in a particular way
54
Opinion
Statement cannot be checked or proven
55
fact
Statement can be proven to be true or false as cannot be changed
56
bias
Storing opinion about something
57
bias based on___
Preconceived prejudice ow wide points rather than evidence
58
intentional bias
using bias on purpose to persuade someone (presenting facts that support your position while leaving put points that don’t)
59
unintentional Bias
person tries to be accurate but does not have complete information, even of there is no intent to give wrong information
60
reasons for bias
Writer has an incomplete info, Writer want to influence or convince you, Writers past experience
61
Generalization
A broad statement about group of people or things
62
MAMSANG
Most, always, many, sometimes, all, never, generally
63
Generalization cons
Made with insufficient information e.a assumptions Does not give credit to individual references Risk of over generalization False stereotypes
64
generalization pros
Passed on information To organize the massive amount of information Detect lies in a person, making diagnosis
65
reference
reasonable or educated guess about what the author does not say based on what they do say
66
Ethics
the rules of standards governing the conduct by which you live your life and make decisions
67
Ethics gives us
a baseline for understanding the concept of right and wrong
68
ethics act as our
Mediator when dealing or coming into contact with other people
69
Ethics are____
Passed on to others - we have ability to show others the correct way to react and behave
70
utilitarian perspective
Considers consequences or out-comes of an action and seeks to maximize the greatest good for the greatest number of those affected by the decision
71
Right perspective
Considers entitlements of those affected by the decision
72
Justice perspective
Considers the equitable distribution of the benefits and cost resulting from any actions takes
73
The universal consequence
consider the consequence of your action
74
The role exchange test
empathize with the other person affected
75
The new cases test
apply another case of higher difficulty
76
The higher principal test
consider another similar principle oh higher or more general nature

Critical thinking (1 decks)

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