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Database Administration > Exam 10/16 > Flashcards

Exam 10/16 Flashcards

1
Q

What skills are needed as a Project Manager?

A 
Communication/Good Listener
Organization/Time Management
Big Picture: Business goals and strategies
Delegate, MOtivate
Adaptive
Sales 101
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2
Q

What are the five stages to managing a product?

A

Initiate, Plan, Monitor and Control, Implement, and Close

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3
Q

What three things should be done in the initiation stage of a project?

A

SWOT
Feasibility
Sell to CFO

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4
Q

What are the four types of feasibility that a project manager should look at?

A

Economic
Operational
Schedule
Technical

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5
Q

What is the quadruple constraint?

A

Time
Scope
Cost
Quality in the middle as a factor of all three

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6
Q

What is SDLC?

A

Systems Development Life Cycle: Waterfall

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7
Q

Waterfall Methodology

A
  1. Planning (Project initiation, Project Management)
  2. Analysis (What is the new system trying to solve about the current system?)
  3. Design (Logical Design, Physical Design)
  4. Implementation(Developed or Purchased)
  5. System
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8
Q

Disadvantages of the Waterfall Methodology

A

Sequential process, cannot go back
No overlap in stages

Only works when:
Requirements are stable
Technology is well known and mature
Everything happens as one would expect
We have done this before

Many people use a modifed SDLC, CAN go back

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9
Q

What is the number one reason why projects fail?

A

Poor requirements management

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10
Q

What are four alternatives to the SDLC?

A

Prototyping
Joint Application Design
Rapid Application Development
Agile Methodologies

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11
Q

Prototyping

A

Designing a sample of a product and going back and forth between design and customer until it is perfect.

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12
Q

RAD

A

Methodology to decrease design and implementation time
Involves: prototyping, JAD, CASE tools, and code generators

Requirements Planning ->
User Design -> <-
Cutover

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13
Q

Agile Methodologies

A

Software development as fluid, unpredictable, and dynamic.

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14
Q

What are the three main principles of Agile Methodologies?

A
  1. Adaptive rather than predictive
  2. Emphasize people rather than roles
  3. Self-adaptive processes
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15
Q

Data Model

A

A plan, or blueprint, for a database design.

Is more generalized and abstract than a database design.

It is easier to change a data model than it is to change a database design, so it is the appropriate place to work through conceptual database problems.

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16
Q

ER-Model

A

A set of concepts and graphical symbols that can be used to create conceptual schemas.

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17
Q

Entity

A

Something that can be identified and the users want to track

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18
Q

Entity Class

A

A collection of entities of a given type/ a description of the structure and format of the occurrences of the entity
i.e. Customer entity class

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19
Q

Entity Instance

A

The occurrence of a particular entity
i.e. If customer was the class:

Instance:
John Doe
603-508-1158
j.doe@wildcats.unh.edu

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20
Q

Attributes

A

Entities have attributes that describe the entity’s characteristics.
Attributes have a data type and properties

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21
Q

Identifiers

A

Attributes that name, or identify, entity instances.

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22
Q

Composite Identifiers

A

Identifiers that consist of two or more attribute

23
Q

Relationship

A

How entities are associated with each other

24
Q

Degree

A

The number of entity classes in a relationship

25
Q

Maximum Caridinalitiy

A

The maximum number of entity instances that can participate in a relationship.

26
Q

Minimum Caridinality

A

The minimum number of entity instances that must participate in a relationship.

27
Q

Parent Entity

A

Employe-|-|———-|-<Computer

Employee is the parent

28
Q

Data Modeling Notation

A

a) ———-
Original ER Model

b)–|——————<
Crow’s Foot Model

c) ———————1..*
Viso Model

29
Q

Identifying Relationship

A

If an entity depends on the parent entity for its existence, than it is an identifying relationship and it is identified by a SOLID line

30
Q

Weak Entity

A

An entity whose existence depends upon another entity

DOES NOT have to be an identifying relationship

Can be ID-Dependent or Non-ID-Dependent

31
Q

Subtypes

A

Sex ——> male
——-> female
This is exclusive, subtypes can be inclusive

32
Q

Why do we have to capture cardinality of relationships?

A

Cardinality enforces business rules

33
Q

Discriminator

A

Decides which subtype the person fulls into in an exclusive setting

34
Q

Three types of anomolies

A

Deletion Anomaly: When we delete one row, the structure of this table forces us to lose facts about tow different things

Insertion Anomaly: the structure of this table forces us to enter facts about different things when we only want to enter facts about one

Update Anomaly: the structure of this table forces us to update multiple places

35
Q

Normalization

A

Primarily a tool to validate and improve a design so that it satisfies certain constraints that avoid anomalies

The process of decomposing relations with anomalies to produce smaller, well-structured relations

36
Q

Functional Dependency

A

Occurs when the value of one or many attributes determines the value of a one or many secondary attributes.

37
Q

Determinant

A

Attribute on the left side of a functional dependency

38
Q

Composite Determinant

A

A determinant of a functional dependency that consists of more than one attribute
(StudentName, ClassName) -> (Grade)

39
Q

Unique Determinant

A

A determinant is unique in a relation if, and only if, it determines every other column in the relation

40
Q

Key

A

A combination of one or more columns that is used to identify rows in a relation

41
Q

Candidate Key

A

A key that determines all of the other columns in a relation

42
Q

Primary Key

A

A candidate key selected as the primary means of identifying rows in a relation:

43
Q

Surrogate Key

A

Arbitrary key value (propertyID)

44
Q

Foreign Key

A

The primary key of one relation that is placed in another relation to form a link between the relations.
Primary key of one side always put as foreign key in many side.

45
Q

Referential Integrity

A

The foreign key must be in the primary key table

46
Q

Boyce-Codd Normal Form

A

Every determinant is a primary key

47
Q

Multi-valued Dependency

A

occurs when a determinant determines a particular set of values:
Employee -> Degree
Employee -> Sibling
PartKit -> Part

Always put them in their OWN relation

48
Q

4th Normal Form

A

BCNF with no multi-valued dependencies

49
Q

1st Normal Form

A

Meets the definition of a relation

50
Q

2nd Normal Form

A

No partial dependencies

51
Q

3rd Normal Form

A

No transitive dependencies

52
Q

Partial Dependency

A

Part of a primary key determines another attribute, but not the whole key

53
Q

Transitive Dependency

A

The primary key determines one attribute, and that attribute determines another attribute in the table

54
Q

Difference between BCNF and 3NF

A

BCNF- All determinants HAVE to be unique

Database Administration (1 decks)

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