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Spinal Anatomy 2 > Exam 1 Week 2 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Week 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the name given to the cartilage found at the superior and inferior surface of a developing vertebral body?

A

Superior epiphyseal plate and Inferior epiphyseal plate

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2
Q

What are the ages of appearance and the events occurring at each step in the formation of bone at the superior and inferior surface of the vertebral body?

A

Ages 7-9 years: Appearance of epiphyseal plate centers of ossification
Age 12 years: Formation of the epiphyseal RING
Age 15 years: Formation of the epiphyseal RIM

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3
Q

What is the generic orientation of the pedicle at each region of the spine? (Cervical, Thoracic, Lumbar)

A

Cervical: Posterolaterally
Thoracic: Posterior, Slightly lateral
Lumbar: Posterior

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4
Q

What is the name given to abnormal bone at the attachment site of the ligamentum flauvum?

A

para-articular process

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5
Q

What is the name given to the overlap of Laminae seen on X-Ray?

A

shingling

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6
Q

What is the name given to the lamina-pedicle junction at each region of the spine? (Cervical, Thoracic, Lumbar)

A

Cervical: Articular Pillar

Thoracic and Lumbar: Pars Interarticularis

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7
Q

What is the generic orientation of the transverse processes and transverse apophysis at each region of the spine? (Cervical, Thoracic, Lumbar)

A

Cervical: Anterolateral
Thoracic: Posterolateral
Lumbar: Lateral

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8
Q

What will cause the transverse process/transverse apophysis to alter its initial direction in the cervical region?

A

Cervical spinal nerves are pulled forward to form the cervical and brachial nerve plexuses thus remodeling the transverse process to accommodate their new position

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9
Q

What will cause the transverse process/transverse apophysis to alter its initial direction in the thoracic region?

A

The growth of the lungs remodel the shape of the ribs which in turn push the transverse processes backward

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10
Q

What is the name given to the joint formed by the articular facets of a vertebral couple?

A

The zygapophysis

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11
Q

What will form the posterior boundary of a typical intervertebral foramen?

A

The inferior articular process/post-zygapophysis, the superior articular process/pre-zygapophysis, the capsular ligament, and the ligamentum flavum

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12
Q

What will form the superior boundary of a typical intervertebral foramen?

A

The inferior vertebral notch or inferior vertebral incisure

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13
Q

What will form the anterior boundary of a typical intervertebral foramen?

A

The vertebral body of the segment above, the vertebral body of the segment below, the intervertebral disc, and the posterior longitudinal ligament

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14
Q

What is the name given to the normal overlap of spinous processes or spinous apophyses as seen on X-ray?

A

Imbrication

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15
Q

What is the orientation of the spinous process/spinous apophysis at each region of the spine?

A

cervical-slight angle inferiorly
thoracic-noticeable angle inferiorly
lumbar-no inferior angle

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16
Q

What is the name given to the union of all vertebral formina into an apparent vertical cylinder?

A

the vertebral canal or spinal canal

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17
Q

What neural structures will occupy the vertebral foramen until the level of L2?

A

the spinal cord/spinal medulla/medulla spinalis, the proximal part of the peripheral nerve system, and the meninges

18
Q

What is the typical shape/outline of the vertebral foramen at each region of the spinal column/vertebral column?

A

Cervical, lumbar, sacrum = triangular

Thoracic = oval

19
Q

Identify the meninges of the spinal cord/spinal medulla/medulla spinalis and the commonly accepted meaning of each.

A

Dura mater - tough mother, arachnoid mater - spider mother, pia mater - tender or delicate mother

20
Q

Name and locate each space formed between the osseous vertebral foramen and the spinal cord spinal medulla/medulla spinalis

A

Epidural space - between the vertebral foramen and the dura mater
Subdural space - between the dura mater and the arachnoid mater
Subarachnoid space - between the arachnoid mater and the pia mater

21
Q

Which of the contents of the epidural space will be found near the vertebral body?

A

Anterior spinal canal artery & plexus, anterior internal vertebral venous plexus, basivertebral veins, recurrent meningeal/sinu-vertebral/sinus vertebral nerve, posterior longitudinal ligament, Hoffmann ligament

22
Q

What are the branches of the spinal artery?

A

Osseous arteries, anterior spinal canal artery, posterior spinal canal artery, anterior medullary feeder arteries, posterior medullary feeder arteries, neural artery

23
Q

What forms the arterial vasa corona below C6?

A

A median anterior spinal artery, right and left posterior spinal arteries, and 3 communicating arteries

24
Q

Which vessel will supply the dorsal/posterior nerve root ganglion?

A

Posterior distal radicular artery

25
Q

What arterial vasa corona branches supply gray matter and most of the spinal cord?

A

Ventral/central/sulcal perforating arteries

26
Q

The continuation of the pia mater below the conus medullaris is called?

A

Filum terminale internum

27
Q

What are the spinal cord enlargement locations and the name given to each?

A

C3-T1, the cervical enlargement

T9-T12, the lumbar/lumbosacral enlargement

28
Q

What is a generic cord level of origin - vertebral level combination for the lumbar/lumbosacral enlargement?

A

L1, L2 cord levels in T9 vertebra; L3, L4 cord levels in T10 vertebra; L5, S1 cord levels in T11 vertebra; S2, S3 cord levels in T12 vertebra

29
Q

What spinal nerves originate from the conus medullaris?

A

typically S4, S5, and Co1

30
Q

What is the name given to the caudal attachment of the meninges?

A

Coccygeal medullary vestige

31
Q

What is the name given to the condition where the conus medullaris is located below L1 and the filum terminale is thickened?

A

Tethered cord syndrome

32
Q

What is the relationship between spinal nerve number, rib number and vertebral number in a thoracic intervertebral foramen?

A

The spinal nerve number relates to the upper segment number in the vertebral couple. The rib number relates to the lower segment number in the vertebral couple. i.e. T3 nerve exits the intervertebral foramen formed by T3/T4, rib 4 joints with this same vertebral couple

33
Q

What is the appearance of the typical cervical vertebral body from the lateral view?

A

posterior height is greater than anterior height by a few millimeters

34
Q

At which vertebral couple will the cervical curve again increase intervertebral disc height?

A

C5/C6

35
Q

What is the joint classification for the posterior lip-posterior groove articulation?

A

amphiarthrosis syndesmosis

36
Q

What is the joint classification for the uncinate process-lateral groove articulation?

A

modified diarthrosis sellar

37
Q

What is the joint classification for the spongy bone-intervertebral disc articulation?

A

amphiarthrosis symphysis

38
Q

How many joint surfaces are present on the vertebral body of a typical cervical?

A

ten

39
Q

What is the name given to the uncinate process-lateral groove articulation?

A

joint of Luschka or uncovertebral joint

40
Q

What muscle attaches to the typical cervical vertebral body?

A

the longus colli muscle

Spinal Anatomy 2 (2 decks)

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