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soil science > exam 1 vocabulary > Flashcards

exam 1 vocabulary Flashcards

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1
Q

define A soil

A

an individual body that is organized, 3-D , region/biome specific and has distinct properties

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2
Q

define The soil

A

all of the soils- soils the material and roots , ground dwelling animals and rocks(pedosphere)

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3
Q

define soil-material

A

mixture of minerals ,gases, water, organic matter and organisms capable of supporting plant life

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4
Q

define ecosystem services

A

products of natural systems that support and fufill the needs of human

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5
Q

define losses

A

material exiting from the soil from above , below, or horizontally

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6
Q

define weathering

A

all physical and chemical changes produced in rocks or minerals

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7
Q

define chemical weathering

A

alteration and/or breakdown of inital mineral compounds through chemical reactions

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8
Q

define physical weathering

A

breakdown or disintegration of larger rocks or rock fragments into smaller pieces by physical force`

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9
Q

define transformations

A

one material/mineral becomes another

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10
Q

define translocations

A

lateral or vertical movements inside the soil

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11
Q

define additions

A

material entering the soil from above,below or horizontally

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12
Q

define illuviation

A

accumulation of material in a lower horizon, translocated from an upper layer

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13
Q

define Eluvation

A

removal of soil material in suspension or solution from a layer of soil

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14
Q

define igenous

A

formed during cooling of magma or lava

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15
Q

define metamorphic

A

form when igneous or sedimentary rocks are altered under high heat and pressure conditions in the earths crust

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16
Q

define mafic

A

more Ca, Mg, and Fe increased weathering

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17
Q

define felsic

A

more Si, less weathering

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18
Q

define soil texture

A

relative proportions of soil,silt, and clay particles in soil

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19
Q

define alluvial

A

well sorted rounded fragments deposited from a stream

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20
Q

define colluvial

A

poorly sorted,angular deposited, gravity deposited

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21
Q

define loess

A

predominantly silt-sized sediment that is formed by the accumulation of wind-blown dust

22
Q

define master horizons

A

most broad horizon category

23
Q

what are layers of soil called

A

horizons

24
Q

What are diagnostic horizons

A

layer or soil zone whose properties meet certain criteria specified for the purposes of classification

25
Q

what is a soil individual

A

Very similar pedons, all closely associated in the field

26
Q

what is a soil series

A

a group of soils with similar profiles developed from similar parent materials under comparable climatic and vegetational conditions

27
Q

what is Horizonization

A

separation of soil into distinct layer

28
Q

what is the smallest volume that can be called a soil

A

pedon

29
Q

define epipedon

A

diagnostic surface horizon

30
Q

define endopedon

A

diagnostic subsurface horizon

31
Q

define mollic

A

dark colored, thick(> 25 cm), pH 6.8

32
Q

define ochric

A

light colored,thin, low organic matter

33
Q

what is an accumulation of clay called

A

argillic

34
Q

What is calic

A

calcite and dolomite

35
Q

What is albic

A

light colored,lots of elluviation

36
Q

define natric

A

sodium, clay, columnar`

37
Q

what is cambric

A

weakly developed B horizon, little to no illuviation

38
Q

what is value

A

lightness, 0= black, 8= nearly white

39
Q

define ped

A

natural unit of soil structure such as an aggregate, crumb, or prism

40
Q

what is strokes law

A

describes settling velocity of soil particles as a function of particle diameter

41
Q

what is bulk density

A

Includes solid particles and air, Measured per mass unit of dry soil

42
Q

deinfe alfisols

A

fertile, broadleaf forest soils, mild acid weathering

43
Q

define andisols

A

high organic matter, near volcanoes, ash forms clay layers

44
Q

define aridsols

A

desert soils, slow chemical weathering due to dry conditions

45
Q

define entisols

A

no B horizon, high erosion, slow weathering, minimal development

46
Q

define inceptisols

A

common on moderately steep slopes, incipient development, moderate erosion rates

47
Q

define mollisols

A

dark grassland soils, highly productive

48
Q

define oxisols

A

extremely weathered tropical and subtropical soils, not very fetile, 100% secondary material

49
Q

define spodosols

A

not very fertile, coniferous forest soils, acid weathering

50
Q

define ultisols

A

highly weathered tropical and subtropical soils, less productive than mollisols and alfisols

51
Q

defnie Vertisols

A

> 30% swelling clays, arid and semi arid regions, shrink-swell causes inversion of soil

soil science (1 decks)

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