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Mat Sci > Exam 1 Vocab > Flashcards

Exam 1 Vocab Flashcards

1
Q

Metals

A

Strong and ductile
High thermal and electrical conductivites
Opaque and reflective

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2
Q

Polymers and plastics

A

Compounds of nonmetallic elements
Soft ductile low strength and low densities
Low thermal and electrical conductivities
Opaque translucent or transparent

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3
Q

Ceramics

A

Compounds of metallic and nonmetallic elements
Oxides carbides nitrides and csulfides
Low thermal and electrical conductivities
Opaque translucent or transparent

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4
Q

Procedure of material selection

A

Determine desirable prop
List properties of different materials to id candidate materials
Determine best candidate material

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5
Q

Mechanical properties

A

Different treatment methods get different levels of hardness

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6
Q

Electrical properties

A

Factors that affect electrical resistivoty:
Inc temp-> inc rest
Inc impurity -> inc res
Deformation increases resistivity

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7
Q

Thermal conductivity

A

Measure of materials ability to conduct heat

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8
Q

Thermal properties

A

Inc impurity-> decreases conductivity

High porosity -> poor heat conductors

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9
Q

Magnetic properties

A

Magnetic storage

Magnetic permeability

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10
Q

Optical properties

A

Light transmitance
Single crystal-> transparent
Poly crystal-> translucent
Porosity poly-> opaque

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11
Q

Deteriorative properties

A

Form stress corrosion properties

Can b improved by minimizing imperfections and treatments

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12
Q

Lecture 1 summary

A

Appropriate materials and processing decisions are engineers to understand materials in the properties

Materials properties depend on their structures structures are determined by how materials are processed

In terms of chemistry the three classifications of materials are metals ceramics and polymers

Most properties of materials font to the following six categories:
Mechanical electrical thermal magnetic optical and deteriorative

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13
Q

Atomic number

A

Number of protons in a nucleus of atom

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14
Q

Atomic weight

A

6.022e23 atoms/mol

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15
Q

Electron structure

A

Wavelike and particle like characteristics

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16
Q

Electron wave like characteristics

A

Electron position in terms of probability density

Shape size and orientation of probability density determined by quantum numbers

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17
Q

Quantum numbers

A

N-> principal shell, 1,2,3,4
L -> azimuthal -> S,p,d,f
mi -> magnetic num of orbitals
ms -> spin +- .5

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18
Q

Valence electrons

A

Electrons residing in the other orbital of an Adam they are available for bonding

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19
Q

Cation

A

Metal Adam that donates an electron left

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20
Q

Anion

A

Nonmetal atom that accepts electron right

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21
Q

Coulombic attraction

A

The force of attraction between positive and negative charges

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22
Q

Ionic bonding

A

Common in ceramics

Full transfer of electrons

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23
Q

Covalent bonding

A

SP orbital sharing

Find hybridization SP three energy level

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24
Q

Metallic bonding

A

Electrons delicalized to form electron cloud

25
Mixed bonding
Lids 2% ionic character
26
Secondary bonding
Occurs in Palmer's | Dipoles interact weekly between chains
27
Properties relating to bonding
Bond length r Bond energy Eo Greater Eo for higher melting temp
28
Ceramics
Ionic and covalent bonding | High melting temperature large E small alpha
29
Metals
Metallic bonding Moderat melting temperature moderately e Moderate alpha
30
Polymers
Covalent and secondary bonding Weak bond energy between chains Secondary bonding responsible for most physical properties Low melting temperature small E large alpha
31
Amorphous
Noncrystalline materials nonuniform bagging happens in more complex structures
32
Metallic crystal structures
Bonds between metals or nondirectional Nearest neighbor distance is tend to be small High degree of shielding of ion Cors provided by free electron cloud Simple structure
33
Coordination number
A number of nearest neighbor or touching Adams
34
Atomic packing factor
Volume of Adams in unit cell per unit cell volume
35
Anistrophy
Property value depends on Chris Sullivan graphic direction of measurement observed in single crystals
36
Isotrophy
Properties may or may not very with direction of measurement grains are randomly oriented
37
Polymorphism/allotropic
Two or more distinct crystal structure for the same material
38
Polymer
Many repeating units Most are hydrocarbons Sat or unsat
39
Saturated hydrocarbon
Bonded to four other Adams no double bonds | More units equals higher boiling point
40
Unsaturated hydrocarbon's
Have double and triple bonds somewhat unstable
41
Isomerism
Two compounds with the same formula in different structures
42
Polymer chemistry
Free radical polymerization
43
Palmer molecular shape or confirmation
Chain bending and twisting or possible by rotation of carbon Adams around the chain bonds
44
Stereoisomerism
Mirror images of same bind structure
45
Tacticity
Stereo irregularity or spacing arrangement of r units along chain
46
Isotactic
All r groups on same side of chain
47
Syndiotactic
R groups alternate sides
48
Atactic
R groups randomly positioned
49
Cis isomerism
R in same side of chain
50
Trans isomerism
R on opposite sides
51
Polymer crystallinity
Almost never complete Chain folded structure Spirulites form the crystals
52
Spirulites
Growth starts from central nucleation site and then split growing out word in branching there is a Maltese cross in each
53
Point defects
Vacancy | Interstitial atoms
54
Dislocations
Linear defect
55
Grain boundary
2d interfacial defect
56
Frankel defect
A cation is displaced from its lattice position to an interstitial spot, makes vacancy at lattice and interstitial defect at point of relocation
57
Schottky defect
Oppositely charged ions leave their sites creating vacancies
58
Rothery rules
Conditions for formation of substitutional solid solutions: Difference in radius is the less than 15% Similar electronegativities Same crystal structure for pure metals Valances all else being equal a metal will have a greater tendency to dissolve in the metal of higher valance been one of the lower valence

Mat Sci (1 decks)

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