Exam 1 Vocab Flashcards
Autonomy
the patient’s need for self-determination.
Beneficience
the ethical principle that means “do good” for the patient
Chief Complaint
a brief statement telling why the patient is seeking care
History of Prior Illness
step by step evaluation surrounding the patient’s reason for seeking medical care
Nonmaleficience
the ethical principle that means “do no harm” to the patient.
Past Medical History
a statement of the patient’s overall health prior to the onset of the present complaint
Family History (FHI)
information about the health of family members to identify a possible health risk for the patient; this should include ages (ages at death) and the causes of death.
Social History (SocH)
work, marriage, diet, exercise, sexual and military experiences; use of alcohol, tobacco, and illicit drugs
Review of Systems (RoS)
an area where you question the patient about possible complaints for different body systems
Utilitarianism
a theory that defines the appropriate use of resources as that which results in the greatest good for the greatest number of people
Values
the ideals, customs, institutions and behaviors regarded by a specific group
Acromegaly
Growth Disorder associated with a pituitary tumor
Afebrile
without fever, denoting apyrexia; normal body temp. >97F(36C), <100.3F(38C) measured rectally.
Ballard Gestational Age Assessment
used to assess or confirm the gestational age of a neonate utilizing six physical and six neuromuscular characteristics
Blood Pressure
the force of blood against the wall of an artery as the ventricles of the heart contract and relax
Normal BP
BP Less than 120 Systolic, less than 80 Diastolic
Prehypertension
120-139 Systolic, 80-89 Diastolic
Hypertension Stage 1
140-159 Systolic, 90-99 Diastolic
Hypertension Stage 2
160+ Systolic, 100+ Diastolic
JNC Recommendation for >= 60 years old
BP Less than 150 Systolic, Less than 90 Diastolic
JNC Recommendation for <= 60 years
BP Less than 140 Systolic, Less than 90 Diastolic
JNC Recommendation for >18 years with Chronic Kidney Disease
BP Less than 140 Systolic, Less than 90 Diastolic
JNC Recommendation for >18 years with Diabetes
BP Less than 140 Systolic, Less than 90 Diastolic
Body mass index
a parameter used to provide guidance regarding the appropriateness of weight for a given height
Failure to Thrive
a sign defined by growth in an infant or child below the 3rd or 5th percentiles on growth chart
Febrile
Denoting a fever. (Temperature above 100.4F/38C [rectal])
Gestational Age
an indicator of a newborn’s maturity
Head Circumference
Measurement of the circumference of an infant’s head (Duh). Should be obtained on every visit until a child reaches 2 years old.
Hypertensive
Marked by increased blood pressure. Used to denote a person suffering from high blood pressure.
Hydrocephalus
a condition that results from excessive accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid in the brain or ventricular system of the brain
Hypotensive
characterized by low blood pressure or causing reduction in blood pressure
Korotkoff Sounds
turbulence of blood flow in the artery. Sounds heard when taking BP
Normotensive
Indicating normal arterial BP
Orthostatic Hypotension
Pathology of vasculatory system. hypotension occurring when a person assumes an erect position. Systolic blood pressure decrease of at least 20 mm Hg or a diastolic blood pressure decrease of at least 10 mm Hg with a reflex increase in heart rate within three minutes of standing. [Note not from lecture: manifests in head rush/dizzy spell when patient stands up after sitting for a long time resulting from sudden drop in BP. Caused by blood pooling in lower extremities]
Pulse Pressure
the variation in blood pressure occurring in an artery during the cardiac cycle; it is the difference between the systolic, or maximum, and diastolic, or minimum, pressures. A reading of 30-50 is considered in the normal range
Pulse Rate
palpated over an artery close to the body surface that lies over bones [Colloquially refered to just as “pulse”
Radial Pulse
Taken along the radius by the wrist
Apical
Taken on the chest. Used for people with cardiac history and sometimes children
Bradycardia
Pulse <60 BPM
Tachycardia
Pulse >100BPM
Respiratory Rate Normal Range
In Adults, 12-20 per minute
Pulse Scale 4+
Bounding, aneurysmal. Can be caused by fever, cocaine, fear, strenuous exercise
Pulse Scale 3+
Full, increased. Caused by caffeine, fear, anxiety
Pulse Scale 2+
Expected rating
Pulse Scale 1+
Diminished, barely palpable. Caused by stenosis, hypovolemia, anemia, dehydration, left ventricular failure
Pulse Scale 0
Absent, not palpable. Caused by asystole, occlusion, or thrombosis.
Tachnypnea
> = 20 breaths per minute, normal breaths
Bradypnea
<= 12 breaths per minute
Hypernea
> = 20 breaths per minute, deep inspirations
Temperature
an assessment performed most often by oral, rectal, or tympanic routes
Oral Cavity Average Temperature
98.6F, 37C
Tympanic Difference from Oral
Higher than oral by .8C/1.4F
Axillary Difference from Oral
Lower than oral by .6C/1F
Rectal Difference from Oral
Higher than oral by .4-.5C/-.7-.9F
Temporal
Usually least accurate, accuracy increasing in recent iterations. Difference not listed in slides or lab manual
