Exam 1 Vocab

Question 1

How much of Earth’s water is salty

Answer 1

97.3%

Question 2

How much of Earth’s freshwater is stored in ice

Answer 2

68%

Question 3

How much of Earth’s freshwater is stored in deep groundwater

Answer 3

30%

Question 4

How much of Earth’s freshwater is in lakes and streams

Answer 4

0.32%

Question 5

where does most precipitation fall

Answer 5

back into the ocean

Question 6

what happens to most terrestrial precipitation

Answer 6

it evaporates

Question 7

Human get to use the overland flow of water minus the amount of freshwater lost in floods and inaccessible areas. How much is this?

Answer 7

9,000 km^3 per year

Question 8

What happens if water use exceeds availability

Answer 8

no longer in steady state so water must come somewhere else (mining groundwater, desalinizing sea water, melting glaciers)

Question 9

How much water do we use annually?

Answer 9

We used a little more than half of what’s available annually (4,860 km^2)

Question 10

What are the two overarching categories MEA has for accessing the value of water

Answer 10

Utilitarian and Non-utilitarian

Question 11

What are the two sub categories of Utilitarian value

Answer 11

direct and indirect values

Question 12

What are the two sub categories of direct values

Answer 12

consumptive and non-consumptive

Question 13

What are utilitarian values

Answer 13

provisioning, regulating, or supporting aspects; something that affects us

Question 14

What are non-utilitarian values

Answer 14

religious, ethical or philosophical aspects; how water makes you feel

Question 15

What are consumptive direct values? Name an example

Answer 15

Material goods that are consumed; seafood

Question 16

What are some examples of non-consumptive direct use values?

Answer 16

money spent on sports or recreation associated with freshwaters

Question 17

What are some examples of indirect use values?

Answer 17

Ecosystem services including making water clean, irrigation, flood control, and ecosystem processes

Question 18

What is the estimated value of indirect use values?

Answer 18

trillions

Question 19

How much of all watercourse is in small streams?

Answer 19

two-thirds

Question 20

What happens to energy and nutrients in intact stream ecosystems?

Answer 20

it is retained and cycled

Question 21

What happens when aquatic ecosystems are changed?

Answer 21

loss of leaves (reduced nutrient retention and diversity), pulsing due to increased impervious surfaces (nutrient retention reduced and flushed out), increased nutrient inputs from agricultural and domestic run off, watersheds become more like pipes

Question 22

Explain dead zones

Answer 22

more nutrients=more phytoplankton, phytoplankton dies and decomposes, microbial metabolism depletes oxygen, fish and other animals move on or die

Question 23

List some water based scientific units

Answer 23

temperature, mass, energy (calorie), viscosity (centistoke)

Question 24

What are some unusual properties of water

Answer 24

ice floats, universal solvent, high heat capacity, surface tension, liquid at normal temperatures and pressures