Exam 1 [Vocab] Flashcards
Static
Constant over Time
Dynamic
Changing over Time
Mechanical Properties
Properties in response to an applied force
Physical Properties
Properties independent of an applied force
Elastic Limit
Point where material will begin to deform plastically
Proportional Limit
Point where material no longer behaves linearly
Elastic (Young’s) Modulus
[Slope] ratio of stress to strain
Plastic Deformation
Material is pushed past elastic limit and will no longer return to original size
Elastic Deformation
When a material goes back to its original size after applied force
Springback
Difference in length before and after an applied force
Yield Strength
Point where increase in stress does not cause a proportional increase in strain: plastic deformation begins
Ultimate (tensile) strength
The maximum stress that a material can endure before fracture (can cause necking)
Fracture Strength
The moment when material fractures
Toughness
[area under the curve] amount of energy absorbed by the material. [energy per unit volume]
Ductility
How malleable a material is
- High Ductility -> Ductile
- Low Ductility -> Brittle
Poisson’s Ratio
Change in length along axis of tensile force
Hardness
Material’s ability to resist scratching and denting
Strength
Material’s ability to resist fracture
Fatigue
Weakening of material due to repeated changes in applied force [How many cycles it can endure]
Anisotropic
A material with different properties from different axes
Endurance Limit
Maximum number of cycles a material can endure
Crystalline
Repeated, organized structure over long distances
Amorphous
[AKA noncrystalline] No repeated or organized structures over long distances
Allotropic
Can exist in two or more lattice forms
