Exam 1 [Vocab]

Question 1

Static

Answer 1

Constant over Time

Question 2

Dynamic

Answer 2

Changing over Time

Question 3

Mechanical Properties

Answer 3

Properties in response to an applied force

Question 4

Physical Properties

Answer 4

Properties independent of an applied force

Question 5

Elastic Limit

Answer 5

Point where material will begin to deform plastically

Question 6

Proportional Limit

Answer 6

Point where material no longer behaves linearly

Question 7

Elastic (Young’s) Modulus

Answer 7

[Slope] ratio of stress to strain

Question 8

Plastic Deformation

Answer 8

Material is pushed past elastic limit and will no longer return to original size

Question 9

Elastic Deformation

Answer 9

When a material goes back to its original size after applied force

Question 10

Springback

Answer 10

Difference in length before and after an applied force

Question 11

Yield Strength

Answer 11

Point where increase in stress does not cause a proportional increase in strain: plastic deformation begins

Question 12

Ultimate (tensile) strength

Answer 12

The maximum stress that a material can endure before fracture (can cause necking)

Question 13

Fracture Strength

Answer 13

The moment when material fractures

Question 14

Toughness

Answer 14

[area under the curve] amount of energy absorbed by the material. [energy per unit volume]

Question 15

Ductility

Answer 15

How malleable a material is
- High Ductility -> Ductile
- Low Ductility -> Brittle

Question 16

Poisson’s Ratio

Answer 16

Change in length along axis of tensile force

Question 17

Hardness

Answer 17

Material’s ability to resist scratching and denting

Question 18

Strength

Answer 18

Material’s ability to resist fracture

Question 19

Fatigue

Answer 19

Weakening of material due to repeated changes in applied force [How many cycles it can endure]

Question 20

Anisotropic

Answer 20

A material with different properties from different axes

Question 21

Endurance Limit

Answer 21

Maximum number of cycles a material can endure

Question 22

Crystalline

Answer 22

Repeated, organized structure over long distances

Question 23

Amorphous

Answer 23

[AKA noncrystalline] No repeated or organized structures over long distances

Question 24

Allotropic

Answer 24

Can exist in two or more lattice forms

Question 25

Nucleation

Answer 25

Solidification of small particles

Question 26

Monocrystalline

Answer 26

A material with one crystal structure

Question 27

Polycrystalline

Answer 27

A material with more than one crystal structure

Question 28

Grain

Answer 28

Individual crystals

Question 29

Grain Boundaries

Answer 29

Interfaces between individual crystals, or grains

Question 30

Nucleation Rate

Answer 30

How quickly the small particles solidify

Question 31

Phase

Answer 31

Form of a material that possesses characteristic structures and properties

Question 32

Solubility Limit

Answer 32

Maximum concentration of a single phase

Question 33

Isotherm

Answer 33

Phases existing in equilibrium

Question 34

Eutectic

Answer 34

When one phase transitions to two phases in liquid state

Question 35

Eutectoid

Answer 35

When one phase traditions to two phases in solid state

Question 36

Hypoeutectoid

Answer 36

Low[er] carbon steel

Question 37

Hypereutectoid

Answer 37

High[er] carbon steel