Exam 1 vocab Flashcards
Sociological Perspective
view of the world that focuses on social patterns rather than individual behaviors.
Sociological Imagination
looks at personal troubles in the context of larger of social issues
Critical Approach
focus on the sources, nature, and consequences of power relationships.
Sociology in medicine
sociologists limit their research to questions about social life that doctors consider useful
Sociology of medicine
Sociologist design their research to answer questions of interest to sociologist
Epidemic
increase in the numbers affected by disease and 1st appearance of new disease
Endemic
disease within the population
Pandemics
worldwide epidemics
Acute Disease
a disease that doesn’t last long
Chronic disease
last several years or more
Epidemiological transition
point in a society’s history when deaths from infectious & parasitic diseases fall
Life Expectancy
years of living
Morbidity
illness
Mortality
death
Qualitative
In-depth interviews, focus groups, and/or analysis of content sources of its data.
Quantitative
focuses on numerical representations of the research subjects
World Health Organization
United Nation org charged w/ documenting health problems & improving world health
Social epidemiology
how social behaviors and factors affect the distribution of diseases w/in pop
Rate
proportion of a specified population that experiences a given circumstance
Raw numbers
unbiased sampling of population
Incidence
number of new occurrences of an event w/in pop during specific period
Prevalence
total number of cases w/in pop at a specific time
Manufacturers of Illness
groups that promote illness-causing behaviors & social conditions
medicare
federal health insurance for people over 65
Medicaid
govt funded health insurance program for poor person
Health Belief Model
Why an individual adopt healthy behaviors
1. they believe they can get the disease
2.Problem is serious
3.They adopt things to prevent them from getting it
4. Nothing stops them from adopting this
Health Lifestyle Theory
Why healthy behaviors are and are not adopted
1. demographic circumstances
2. cultural memberships
3. living conditions
Cumulative stress burden
sum of acute & chronic stresses that 1 has experienced
Social Networks
webs of social relationships that link people
Social Class
individuals position w/in society economic & social hierarchy
Social Drift Theory
Illness causes poverty
Fundamental-cause theory
health inequalities based on SES can be reduced by instituting health interventions that automatically benefit the individuals irrespective of their own resources or behavior
Income inequality
gap in income between a nations poorest & wealthiest
Cumulative inequality theory
inequality primarily results from social systems, rather than individual choices, and causes health problems that accumulate over time
Social capital
resources available to an individual trough his or her social network
Structure
social forces that limit the choices individuals realistically can make
Agency
individual free will to make choices
Race
Socially constructed set of categories that historically tend to be based on physical features such as skin color, hair texture, & facial features
Ethnicity
group membership adopted by individuals on the basis of culture & or naturality
Hispanic Paradox
Hispanics appear to live longer than white Americans.
1. migration effects, cultural differences, & problems with data
2. misclassification can be added as white or other race
Infant mortality
death of an infant before his or her first birthday
Maternal Mortality
death of a women during pregnancy or within 1 yr of the end of pregnancy.
Environmental racism
disproportionate burden of environmental pollution experienced by ethnic minorities.
Feminization of aging
steady rise in the proportion of the population who are female in each older age group
Sex
biological categories of male & female to which we are assigned based on our chromosomal structure, genitalia, hormones, secondary sexual characteristics such as facial hair, so on
Gender
social categories of masculine & feminine and to the social expectations regarding masculinity and femininity that we are expected to follow based on our assigned sex
Transgender
people whose sense of their own gender doesn’t match the physical sex they were assigned at birth
Intersex
individuals who are born with physical markers of sex that are neither clear male nor female
